Ions & Isotopes
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Transcript of Ions & Isotopes
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Isotopes and Ions
What is the difference?
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Some definitions
Isotope - atoms with the same number of protons (same element) but with different numbers of neutrons (different mass)
Ion - an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge
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How does and atom become an Ion?
By gaining or losing electrons
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Ions
Atoms or groups of atoms that have a positive or negative charge
Formed by gaining or losing electrons
Ions are NEVER formed by gaining or losing protons
Cations and Anions
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Cation
Positive charge
Formed by the atom losing electrons
Metals form cations
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Cations
Ca Ca2+ + 2e-
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Anion
Negative charge
Formed by the atom gaining electrons
Non-metals form anions
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Anions
O + 2e- O2-
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How do we know what atoms form which ions?
Use the periodic table
Columns are called groups or families– The elements in the same group tend to
have the same chemical properties– Groups are referred to by the number over
the column
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Groups
Group 1 = alkali metals
Group 2 = alkali earth metals
Group 7 = halogens
Group 8 = Noble gases
In between groups = transition metals
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Why is it called the Periodic Table?
As the atomic numbers increase, every so often we come across an element that has the same chemical properites.
Give rise to the rows, that we call periods
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The ions formed by selected members of groups 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7.
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Metals, non-metals and metalloids
Metals = elements to the left of the stair step
Non-metals = elements to the right of the stair step
Metalloids = elements along the stair step
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Properties of Metals
Efficiently conduct heat and electricity
Malleability = can be hammered into sheets
Ductility = can be pulled into wires
Luster = shiny appearance
Form cations (positive ions) by losing electrons
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Non-Metals
Lack the properties of metals
Many are gases at earth’s normal temperatures
Show more variation in their properties than metals
Form anions (negatively charged ions) by gaining electrons
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Metalloids
Also called semi-metals
Display properties of both metals and non-metals
Include silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony and tellurium