Ionizing RadiationIonizing Radiation

Lecture outline Ionizing radiation

1. X-ray radiation2. Complex Roentgen equipmentЗ. Medical equipment based on

use of ionizing radiation

Roentgen medical equipment1. Roentgen (X-ray) radiation2. X-ray tube 3. X-ray devices4. Computed Tomography (CT)

Roentgen (X-ray) radiation

• X-ray radiation – are electromagnetic waves with wavelength range

between 10-2 and 10 nm.

Ivan Pulyui Lamp

4

3

А

К

X-ray tube with rotating anode

Intensity of X-rays

zikuÔ 2

Roentgen diagnostic complex hardware

Roentgen diagnostic computer operated complex hardware

Block Scheme of X-ray diagnostic device

Examination of a patient using mobile X-ray diagnostic device

Mobile X-ray diagnostic device

Monoblock of an X-ray device ,,Арман-1’’

Block Scheme of an “РДА”

Computer system for X-ray CT examination

Mammography

Scheme of CT examination

Internal view of a CT scanner

Block Diagram of a CT scanner

Procedure for CT scanning

Roentgen equipment for examination of blood vessels

1. Roentgen spectra2. Moseley's lawЗ. Angiography 4. Angiographs

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – inventor of X-rays

Ivan Pavlovich Pulyui – inventor of Roentgen tube prototype

Dependence of Х-ray intensity on voltage

Dependence of X-ray minimal wavelength on voltage

eUhcmin

minmax 2

3

23 eUhc

Characteristic X-ray spectrum

Mechanism of characteristic x-ray spectra generation

Moseley's law

ZC

,

Moseley's constant

22

11

mnRC

Coefficient of Х-ray absorption

33Zk

Comparison of X-ray absorption coefficients for bones and water

688112

8815220333

333

2

243

OH

POca

Angiograph

Angiography

Angiograph from the 2nd City Hospital, Ternopil

Vascular visualization using angiography

Vascular angiography of human hands

Angiography

Medical equipment based on use of ionizing radiation

1. Laws of radioactive decay.2. Types of radioactive decay.

3. Composition of gamma-knife, cyber-knife, positron-emission tomography (PET), linear

accelerator.

Law of Radioactive Decay

NdtdN

Law of Radioactive Decay

tNN exp0

/693,0/2ln T

Law of Radioactive Decay

T0

N 0 /2

N 0

N

t(c)

The activity of a radioactive substance

/// dtdNA

The activity of a radioactive substance

TNNeNA t 2ln

0

Alpha (α)-Decay

HeYX AZ

AZ

42

42

Beta (β) -decay

~0

001

6028

6027 eNiCo

Radioactive radiation

Three types of radioactive radiation

Gamma-chamber

Gamma-radiation based device

Gamma (γ)-knife

Cyber-knife

Linear Accelerator

Schematic visualization of operational principle for linear accelerator

Operational principles for Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Principle of Positron Emission Tomography

References1. Ємчик Л.Ф., Кміт Я.М. Медична і біологічна фізика: Підруч.-Львів: Світ, 2003.- 592 с. 2. Марценюк В.П., Дідух В.Д., Ладика Р.Б., Баранюк І.О., Сверстюк А.С., Сорока І.С. Підручник „Медична біофізика і медична аппаратура” Тернопіль: Укрмедкнига, 2008, 355 с.3. Зисман Г.А., Курс общей физики. / Г.А. Зисман, О.М. Тодес //– М.: Наука, 1972. 366 с.4. Ремизов А.Н. Медицинская и биологическая физика. / А.Н. Ремизов // - М.: Высшая школа, 1987. – 634 с. 5. Чалий О.В. Медична і біологічна фізика в 2-ох томах. / О.В. Чалий //– К.:ВІПОЛ, 2001 – 840 с.6. Яворський Б.М., Курс фізики ч.ІІ, / Б.М. Яворський, А.А. Детлаф, Л.Б. Милковська // - К.: Вища школа, 1972. 345 с.

7.В. Д. Дідух . Заняття № 10. Кафедра медичної фізики з діагностичним та лікувальним устаткуванням. ТДМУ.