Ionic Liquids : Green solvents for the future
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LOGO
IONIC LIQUIDS: GREEN SOLVENTS FOR THE FUTURE
MRUDANG THAKOR & SANDIP DAVE
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OUR TARGET…AS A CHEMIST
Is the development
&
commercialization
of industrial
process that are
economically
feasible & reduce
the risk to human
health & the
environment
Is the design of
chemical product &
process that
reduce or
eliminate the use
& generation of
hazardous
substances.
Are separation
process that
consider both
local & non-local
economic &
environmental
costs for which
viable alternatives
can be proposed &
potentially
implemented.
GREEN ENGINEERING
GREEN SOLVENT
GREEN SEPERATION
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Flourus
phases Supercritical
fluid Ionic Liquid
Green Separation: Green Solvent
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What is Ionic Liquid (IL) ?
Salts with melting point close or below room temperature , hence called RTILs.
Salts with melting point lower than 300C
Entirely made up of equal number of positive &
negative ions.
So, entire system is neutral.
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PROPERTIES OF RTILs
A salt Cation and or anion quite large
Freezing point Preferably below 100°C
Liquidus range Often > 200°C
Thermal stability Usually high
Viscosity Normally < 100 cP, workable
Dielectric constant Implied < 30
Polarity Moderate
Specific conductivity Usually < 10 mScm-1, “Good”
Molar conductivity < 10 Scm2 mol-1
Electrochemical window > 2V, even 4.5 V, except for Brønsted acidic
systems
Solvent and/or catalyst Excellent for many organic reactions
Vapor pressure Usually negligible
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Ionic Liquids
Vapour Pressure
Melting Point
Viscosity
Miscibility with water
Thermal Decomposition
SALIENT
FEATURES
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They have small or negligible vapour pressure 1
Higher thermal decomposition point 2
Ecological Solvents 3 3
Unique solvent 4 4
Vapour Pressure of Ionic Liquids
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Melting Points of ILs
Large range of temperature (-900C to 1500C)
Modulation of melting point with variation of anion &/or cation
size.
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VISCOSITY OF ILs
They are usually more viscous than classical solvents.
One of the major demerit of ILs
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Miscibility with Water
By changing the nature of ions, It is possible to change
miscibility with water.
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Applications
IONIC
LIQUIDS
B
E
C
D
A Energy
Biotechnology
Industrial
Chemistry
Extraction &
Analytical
Techniques
Chemistry
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APPLICATIONS
1
BIOTECHNOLOGY
2
ENERGY
3
CHEMISTRY
Enzyme catalysis
Protein Synthesis
Cellulose
Chemistry
Solar Cell
Battery Cell
Heat Storage
Heck Reaction
Suzuki Reaction
Diels Alder
Reaction
Friedel Crafts
Reaction
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APPLICATIONS
4
INDUSTRIAL
CHEMISTRY
5
EXTRACTION
6
ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES
Membrane
Separation
Extraction of Bio-
Diesel
GC Stationary
Phase
MALDI
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FEW EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS
CHEMISTRY
EXTRACTION
ENERGY EXTRACTION
7 8 9
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FEW EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS
Model of CO 2absorption by an ionic liquid.
The model shows that the anions are
controlling absorption in ionic liquids. The
green units represent anions and the grey units
represent cations.
Ionic Liquids as potential solvents
As Solvent As Absorbent
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FEW Magic fluids….examples…
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HOW TO FORMULATE THIS MAGICAL LIQUID?
2) ACID BASE NEUTRALIZATION
1) ALKYLATION FOLLOWED BY METATHESIS
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1) A
LK
YLA
TIO
N
FO
LLO
WE
D B
Y
ME
TA
TH
ES
IS ELEVATED TEMPERATURE & REFLUXING
SOLVENT APPROACH
MICROWAVE OR ULTRASONIC SYNTHESIS
ROOM TEMPERATURE “WAIT & SEE” SOLVENT FREE APPROACH.
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QUATERNIZATION REACTION
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SYNHESIS cont.…
QUATERNIZATION REACTION
ANIONIC EXCHANGE REACTION
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CONCLUSION
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LOGO