Ionic bonding

Non directional bond- strength of bond equal in all directions

Conducts electricity when MOLTEN or in SOLUTION(aq)

High melting point and boiling point hard solids

Covalent bonding

The sharing of electrons

Covalent bonding is directional. The strength of the bond is in one direction

Covalent structures are low melting point solid, liquids and gases

They tend not to be soluble in water and have poor electrical conductivity

The outer shell of hydrogen can only contain a max of two electrons (1s orbital) The electrons are equally shared between the hydrogen's

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Hydrogen fluoride

ammonia

Ethene C2H4

Carbon dioxide

Element Bonds

H

O

S

N

C

P

1

2

2

3

4

3

Number of electrons in the outer shell

1

6

6

5

4

5