IPv4 comes to an end...

Addressing in the Internet...

Vint Cerf on the new, larger version of the Internet: IPv6

Source: Youtube/Google

Addressing in the Internet...

• Devices on the Internet need to have unique addresses in order to be reachable from each other

• Address allocations are made hierarchically– IANA -> LACNIC -> [insert your ISP here]

IPv4

• There are 4,294,967,296 IPv4 addresses (32 bits long) but not all of them can be used

• Looks like a lot, right? But... World population currently stands at just over 6 billion people

• We all normally use more than one IP address (possibly up to 3-4)– Definitely not enough anymore

Historical Facts

1983 Research network for ~ 100 computers

1992 Internet is open to the commercial sector :

– Exponential growth

– IETF urged to work on a IP next generation protocol

1993 Exhaustion of the class B address space

– Forecast of network collapse for 1994!

– RFC 1519 (CIDR) published

1995 : RFC 1883 (IPv6 specs) published

– First RFC about IPv6

Evolution of the IPv4 pool

• Remember– IANA• IANA assigns /8 blocks to the RIRs

– The RIRs• Assign blocks of varying sizes to their member

organizations• Members which are in turn ISPs then assign space to

their customers

Evolution of the IPv4 pool

• Run-out dates:– IANA ran out of free /8 blocks on 3 February 2011– APNIC was the first RIR to run out of IPv4 later on

14 April 2011– RIPE NCC ran out of IPv4 on 14 September 2012– ARIN to run out in early May 2015– AFRINIC to run out in years to come

• LAC region run-out date:– LACNIC ran out of IPv4 on 10 June 2014

Evolution of the IPv4 pool

IPv4 Exhaustion

• IPv4 resource management is governed by policies– These policies are created and approved by the

community through a bottom-up process– LACNIC acts as the steward of this process and applies

the policies for managing resources

• Before runout time addresses were assigned according to a needs-based set of criteria

• Does IPv4 exhaustion mean that the free pool reaches zero ? NO

IPv4 Exhaustion

• When the aggregated free pool reaches the equivalent of a /10 (~4 million addresses), new policies come into effect

• What follows is a two-tiered phase– Soft-landing period– Resources for new entrants– Final exhaustion

• IPv4 assignment is no longer needs-based– Even if an organization justifies its need, only a fixed

size prefix will be allocated

Soft Landing

• The first period after exhaustion is the soft landing period

• A /11 is available for soft landing

• New or existing organizations can get up blocks up to /22 in size every six months if properly justified

• This means– Up to a single /22 (1024 addresses) every six months– 1024 blocks available

New entrants

• After the soft-landing pool is exhausted, a second /11 (~2m addresses) will be made available exclusively to new entrants to the market

• Every new organization will be able to request up to a /22 once

Here comes IPv6...

• IPv6 with its 128 address space solves all our addressing needs for the foreseeable future

• Restores the end to end nature of the Internet– This means no single points of failure, no accidentally

filtering out innocent users, etc.

• So why hasn’t the world done it already ? – A long story– However, the status quo has been broken. IPv6 is

being deployed as we speak

12 January 2011

Technical testing and publicity by major CDNs

6 June 2012:

Did it again, “this time, for real”

World IPv6 Day

"World IPv6 launch badge" by World IPv6 Day (Internet Society) - http://www.worldipv6launch.org/downloads/. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_IPv6_launch_badge.svg#mediaviewer/File:World_IPv6_launch_badge.svg

IPv6 Deployments

• Content providers:– Google, Facebook, Yahoo! and several CDNs have

deployed IPv6

• Access providers:– USA: Comcast, T-Mobile– Europe: Free.fr– In our region: Telefónica Perú

Global IPv6 traffic

As seen on Google...

Country Organisers

Mexico Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)

Venezuela Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado (UCLA)

Dom Rep Universidad APEC

Argentina University Interconnection Network (RIU) and ISOC Argentina

Peru Universidad de la Pacífica and ISOC Peru

Costa Rica ISOC Costa Rica

Chile

IPv6 projects/events within Latin America and the C’bean

http://stats.labs.lacnic.net/IPv6/graph-access.html

Native IPv6 traffic within the LACNIC area

Global IPv6 traffic

• What happens if you enable IPv6 to an otherwise unsuspecting group of users ?

• Between 15% and 40% of your traffic will be over IPv6

• This means– This portion of traffic will not need NAT– This portion goes up as more and more networks

deploy IPv6

Final Comments

IPv4 Exhaustion

• IPv4 ran out for the LAC region on 10 June 2014

• The policies governing the remaining stock are radically different

• Networks will need to keep growing nevertheless, so investments will need to be made

• Carrier Grade NAT is not a magic pill or business as usual

IPv6 going forward It’s the only path forward with a future The rest of the world is deploying it It also will be expensive, but the costs tend to go down as deployment

progresses

Discover our IPv6 portal...

http://portalipv6.lacnic.net/en/

Questions?

Thank You!

kevon@lacnic.net

External Relations Officer for the Caribbean

LACNIC