The Cellular IoT Landscape:

a disruptive opportunity for IoT NOW!

T. Lestable, Ph.D

Technology & Innovation,

Office of CTO

SAGEMCOM SAS

This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization 2

Internet of Everything (IoE) is coming…sooner than you think

By 2020:

* [30-50] Billion devices connected

* $7,1 Trillion Global Market

This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization 3

IoT/M2M, Beyond the Hype…

http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2575515

5G??

This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization 4

IoT early stage investments (2013)

Cellular IoT

$25M

$115M

$25M

$11M

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Overall IoT Market Forecast by 2025

Source: McKinsey, June 2015

True revolution is

not coming from

where you might

think….

Industrial IoT is

leading the Market !

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Strategic IoT Use Cases/Services (illustrations)

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Waste Collection for Smart Cities, By ENEVO

Waste Collection optimized route

Waste Container connected sensor

http://www.enevo.com/ Finland

Ultrasonic fill level sensor

10+ years battery life

IP 66, [-40°, +85°]

This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization 8

Geolocation, by Abeeway

http://www.abeeway.com/

Location: Grenoble, FR

- Up to 1 year of battery

autonomy

- Small and handy size (starts at

6cm / 2,4in)

On-demand geolocation

Daily updates

Movement alerts

Notification in case of exit from boundary

Device paging as needed

Light up the device

N.B: integrates GPS Rx & motion sensor in V1

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Fire/CO2 Detection & Alarms, by FINSECUR

10 years battery life

Up to 10 ‘DAAF’ (Detectors) interconnected

Std: EN 14604

HQ Nanterre, FR http://www.finsecur.com/index.php

1st samples should be

available by July

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IoT Segment Trade-offs

Source: LoRa Alliance SOM = Share Of Market

Unlicensed bands!

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Emerging De-facto LRLP standards

Vs

‘De-facto’ standards

IOT, Multi-Vendors, Certification

Source: McKinsey, June 2015

Open Standard

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This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization 13

LTE Networks’ Deployments – May 2015

393 Networks launched in 138 Countries

+460 by end of 2015!

+497 Million LTE Subsc. (Q4’14)

Source: GSA

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LTE Subscribers – More than 497 Million worlwide (Q2’2015)

Source: Ovum WCIS (GSA)

LTE subs. In Millions

APAC = 47%

N.A = 33%

Europe = 16%

RoW = 4%

China added +54Million LTE subs in Q4 2014!

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LTE MTC: Cat.0 (Rel.12) & Beyond

Source: Ericsson

MTC

• Low Cost (Reduced

complexity)

• Low throughput (1Mbps

maxi)

• Better

penetration/Coverage

• 15-20dB

enhanced

• 5-10 years battery life

• Long sleep cycles

(x100)

• Add-ons

• D2D

• LTE-U

This is indeed a good direction…

But @ What Price & When?

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5G Hype…. 5G is Coming but WHEN?? (2020)

Rel.12 Rel.13 Rel.14 Rel.15 Rel.16

5G

1st Rel.12 commercial deployment

1st Rel.13 commercial deployment

5G Standard 5G Research, prototypes 5G Product 5G Roll-out

2021

N.B: 3GPP Rel.13 is slipping away towards Q4’16! LTE-M around H2’18

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• 3GPP Release 13 Timeline

3GPP Status – Cellular IoT (as of June 2015)

Qx’16? Aug15 Sep15 Oct15 Nov15 Dec15 Jan16 Feb16 Mar16 Jul15

GSM Evolution

Clean Slate

Solution

LTE-M 3GPP RAN

End of

Release 13

3GPP

GERAN

GERAN

CS

S C

IoT

WI

En

d o

f C

IoT

SI

RAN

GERAN / RAN?

RA

N/G

ER

AN

Me

rge

Pla

n

GERAN#67

RAN#69

PCG#35

Normative work of LTE-M and in parallel of a CSS

(initial) Target of CSS is Rel.13 Q4’16?

slipping

This is ‘SigLo’ or ‘LoFox’ effect…

Indeed, SigFox then LoRa™ acted as catalysts!!

Stakeholders realized that true IoT business can be done NOW with low

TCO!

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3GPP Cellular IoT: Clean Slate & GSM Evolution

included in TR 45.820

Only proposals,

not included

in Technical Report TR 45.820

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Complementarity LTE-MTC & LPWAN

In spite of 3GPP well appreciated efforts to simplify & optimize

the radio profiles & mechanisms to embrace true nature of

MTC/IoT, it is believed the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

will be many order of magnitude above LPWAN!!!...

Especially the radio modules will face a Floor effect under

which they’ll never be able to go down!

The Time to Market (TTM) for LTE-M is availability in H2’2018.

We see LPWAN LoRa™ as complementary to 3GPP LTE

path, similarly to WiFi now interfaced with LTE (e.g.

Passpoint).

The true need would be to specify CoreNetwork APIs, and

protocols to have smooth integration and interworking of both

systems whenever needed.

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This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization 21

SigFox

© Thierry Lestable, 2012 21

83% of Territory covered with 770

BSs (-142dBm) Eof 2013

SigFox Network Operator (SNO)

Model

- UK: Arqiva – 2015

- Netherlands: Aerea (Tele2)

- Russia: Micronet

- Spain: Abertis (Securitas)

- US: Trial, (Whistle, canine tracker)

Tim

e

Spectrum

Lately announced 1300-1500 sites

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SigFox – Uplink & Downlink

GFSK – 600bps

@869.525 MHz

8 bytes Max

UNB – 100bps

@868 MHz

12 bytes Max

Repetition = 3

FIXED for any device UPLINK

DOWNLINK

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SigFox – Registers & commands

No OTA provisionning!

SigFox doesn’t offer any Link Adaptation mechanisms to cope with Variable Wireless

Environment.

This also means no fallback mechanisms available (to increase robustness), nor

optimized battery consumption management when conditions are good.

Provisioning is done at manufacturing only.

Finally, given the DELAY (20s) between DL and 1st UL msg, impossible to use it with

minimum Latency constraint application, and the size of DL (8 bytes) definitely limits

reconfiguration of device, and of course firmware update.

Besides SigFox, are there any

other Challengers to LoRa™?

OnRamp, Telensa & Neul…

Qowisio,

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OnRamp: Oil & Gas Fields through Random Phase Multiple Access

characteristics OnRamp

DSSS RPMA

Spreading Factor

(SF)

Max 2^13 = 8192

Freq.band 2.4GHz

BW 1 MHz

Topology Star

Sensitivity -142dBm

Max throughput ~20kbps

Coverage Rural: 16Kms

Urban: 4Kms

Due to CDMA-like, requires complex Power

Control to ensure orthogonality amongst

users, and high computation at BS.

The 2.4GHz band is highly crowded, not

right choice for future.

Very limited Ecosystem (adopters), highly

focused on Oil & Gas Fields, small

Lighting systems.

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Telensa: City Lighting system through UNB

characteristics TELENSA

Network Topology STAR

Radio interface Bidirectional, Ultra-Narrow Band

(UNB)

Protocol Proprietary, TALQ* compatible

Node-to-GW range 5-8Kms in Rural

2-3 kms in Urban

Cell (BS) capacity 5K nodes/endpoints (Telecells)

CoreNetwork

Capacity

150K nodes 30 BS

Backhaul Cellular

http://www.talq-consortium.org/

This solution inherited from Outdoor

Lighting Networks is NOT relevant

for Massive LPWAN IoT Roll-out.

Coverage, Capacity & scalability are

clearly not appropriate.

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The Challengers: Weightless & Telensa

Hardware

(Modules & Gateway)

Board

Specifications

sm

all

scale

tests

-N

Weightless-N (UNB) is created

White space is dropped (W)

UNB Proprietary solution

Street Lightning

&

Smart Parking

Solution deployed

Accross 30 countries.

Mostly UK though: 650K Sensors

San-Francisco Trial since 2014

Behind schedule for defacto approach, with lack of adopters &

manufacturers, but might bet on 5G mid-term/long-term, backed by

Huawei

Doomed to stay

proprietary & niche

market.

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LoRa�™ Network Features

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What do you need to deploy a LoRa Network ?

End Points LoRa Infrastructure : • Base Stations

• Site acquisition

• Site Construction

• Radio Planning

• Site Operation & Maintenance

Business Apps,

Sales &

Administrative

• LoRa Back Office/LNS

Platform

• APIs

• Storage

• Channel Management

• Invoicing

Secured Ip

Connection

SNMP,

IPV6,HTTP

…

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LoRa™ PHY Layer: Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) / IEEE 802.15.4a

𝑠 𝑡 = 𝑒−𝑖𝜋∗𝐵𝑊∗ 𝑡−

𝑡2

𝑇𝑠

𝑇𝑠 =2𝑆𝐹

𝐵𝑊

𝑇𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝 =1

𝐵𝑊

𝑇𝑠 = 2𝑆𝐹 ∗ 𝑇𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝

Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM)

Spreading Gain

𝛽𝜏 = 𝐵𝑊 ∗ 𝑇𝑠 = 2𝑆𝐹 ≫ 1

LoRa™ PHY inherits its properties from

RADAR technology, and its maturity in

Telecom from IEEE 802.15.4a (WPAN)

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LoRaWAN device classes

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LoRa™: Bidirectional communications

Class A: Receiver Initiated Transmission strategy (RIT)

Class B: Coordinated Sampled Listening (CSL) Network may send downlink packet to node at any Rx slot

Class C: Continuous Listening

LoRa™ is

fully

bidirectionnal

from early

stage.

Three Modes

(Class A, B,

C) allow to

embrace

Industry 4.0

strong

segment of

applications.

La

ten

cy c

on

str

ain

ed

ap

plic

atio

ns

Po

we

r Effic

ien

cy

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LoRA™ nodes protocols

• Ultra small/low power

• 10x5x5 cm, <3Watt

• Multiple channels & data rates

• 8 channels

• Best sensitivity

• -142dBm @300bps

• -129dBm @6Kbps

• Antenna Diversity

- Variable Spreading Factors

- (SF7-SF12)

- Data rates

- [0.3Kbps – 50Kbps]

- Pseudo-random Channel Hoping

- Duty-cycle limited (NO LBT)

- 3 classes of Devices

- Class A: Bi-directional with

2 Rx windows

- Class B: Bi-directional with

additional scheduled Rx

slots

- Class C: Continuous Rx

2 End-Device

Activation Methods:

- Over The Air

Activation (OTAA)

- Activation By

Personalization

(ABP)

Class A

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Multiple Overlapping Networks on the same territory & roaming

1) LoRa™ Alliance defines mechanisms enabling Multiple

Operators to deploy their network on the same territory, sharing

radio resources whilst optimizing global capacity thanks to Link

Adaptation (Adaptive Data Rate, ADR) optimization/RRM.

2) The LoRa™ alliance currently drafts « Best practice » and

APIs in order to standardize also international Roaming, similarly

to GSMA in 2G/3G/4G (TAP3 Open Standard).

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This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization 37

LPWAN Killing application = Localization whilst saving battery!

TDOA

RSS

DRSS

Data Fusion

& hybrid

solutions

are natural

solutions

thanks to

flat IP

architecture

Localization is a « MUST HAVE » for

many industrial 4.0 applications, and

thus KEY Differentiator amongst IoT

Systems.

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TDOA Basics

𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖 = 𝑇𝑒 + 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑖

𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑗 = 𝑇𝑒 + 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑗

Δ𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖𝑗 = 𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖 − 𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑗 = 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑖 − 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑗

𝑇𝑒 is not needed no need to

synchronize EndPoint with BS

Hyperbolic localization

Δ𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖𝑗 =𝑑𝑖𝑐 −

𝑑𝑗𝑐 =

1𝑐 𝑑𝑖−𝑑𝑗 LOS assumed

𝑑𝑖

𝑇𝑒

𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖

𝑥𝑦

𝑥𝑖𝑦𝑖

𝑑𝑖 − 𝑑𝑗 = 𝛿𝑖𝑗 = 𝑐Δ𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖𝑗

𝑑𝑖 = 𝑑𝑗 + 𝛿𝑖𝑗 𝑑2𝑖 = 𝑑2𝑗 + 𝛿2𝑖𝑗 + 2𝑑𝑗𝛿𝑖𝑗

𝑑2𝑖 = 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑖2+ 𝑦 − 𝑦𝑖

2

constant

−2𝑥 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥1 − 2𝑦 𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦1 − 2𝑑1𝛿𝑖1

𝑥𝑦𝑑1

= 𝑋 Linear w.r.t 𝐴 ∗ 𝑋 = Δ

Known Constant

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TDOA (Weighted Least Square) – influence of SF

SF7

SF9

SF12

SF12

SF7

- No Multi-path/fast fading

(1000EPs, 1 transmission/EP)

Inc

rea

sed

SF

in

cre

as

ed

co

ve

rag

e

hig

he

r N

b o

f R

x G

Ws

To get full benefits from LoRa™ degrees of

freedom (ADR, TxPr, densification,…), joint

Optimization is required …designing RRM

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Sagemcom - Femto LoRa integration

• An easy way to increase the densification to :

• Connect additionnal objects

• Connect inhome appliances

• Enhance the accuracy

• LoRa in the Home residential Gateway (RGW) :

• Plugging an OTT module on existing Home residential

Gateway (RGW) via interface.

• Or directly integrated/embedded within the ISP RGW

• LoRa capabilities managed from LoRa servers :

• Low software impact inside the Home residential

gateway itself (mainly driver of the Module and

passthrough interface to the Lora Server)

Home residential

Gateway

Femto LoRa

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• LoRA Alliance announced during CES 2015 in Las Vegas

• http://lora-alliance.org/

IoT – Long Range Low Power (LRLP): LoRA Alliance

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LoRa Alliance – Sample of Members (+70 members)

Operators

Sponsor Members Contributor Members A

dop

tor

Me

mbe

rs

+New Operators

(worldwide)

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More Spectrum should be made available for IoT Business

Innovation

[870-876] MHz & [915-921] MHz

Open to SRD, RFID

- Albania

- Moldova

- Slovak Republic

- Slovenia

- Sweden

- UK

Alignment, Harmonization with

US ISM band

[863-870] MHz

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LPWAN IoT Systems – Now & Tomorrow

LPWAN are changing already the rules of competition by

proposing new disruptive business models, thanks to tailored

technology, well dimensionned from the beginning with the true

fondamental and simple primary needs from major industrial

IoT:

- (Very) Low Power

- (Very) Long Range

- (Very) Low Cost (TCO)

This allows new actors to join the Connected Economy, by

adopting available & affordable wireless technology, with simple

& fast roll-out.

Simplifying IoT roll-out will massively

benefit value extraction from data, and

its monetization.

Innovative & disruptive business is emerging from ISM bands

technologies (e.g. WiFi, RFID, SRD, and now IoT), Regulators

should bear that in mind, whilst LTE-U/LAA is crossing the line…

Thanks…

Any Question?