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New Frontiers in Testing Package Accessibility

Laura BixMichigan State University

Acknowledgements• Bret Carlson and IoPP

• Javier de la Fuente

• Ondrea Kassarjian

• Raghav Prashant Sundar

• Julia Breisinger

• Monica Cai

• Abhishek Gawasane

• Jose Hernandez

• James Klobuchar

•Priyanka Rangnekar

•Cory Wilson

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Agenda• The Traditional Approach to

packaging design• Drivers

• Aging Population• Changing Marketplace• Sustainability Movement

• Ongoing work at the HUB• The theory• Visual Cognition• Physical Testing

Traditional Approach to Package Design

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Physical Atmospheric Human

ProtectionCushions

Corner PostsAnti Slip Agents

Barrier MaterialsO2 Absorbers

Anti Static AgentsWet Strength Materials

UV AbsorbersUV Blockers

Child ResistantClosures

Tamper Evident Features

Sterile Barriers

Communication

Bar CodesRFID

Shock IndicatorsSymbols

Text

Microbial IndicatorsO2 Indicators

TTIs

WarningsDirections for Safe

UseIndicators of Safety

and Quality

UtilityStretch Wrap

StrappingDual Ovenable

Materials

Edible FilmsAnti Slip

Senior Friendly PackagingHandles

GripsSize LimitsPour spouts

Func

tions

Environments

PKG 101- Packaging systems, materials and forms and their relationship to the needs and wants of society. PKG 221- Physical and chemical properties of glass and metal and application to packaging

PKG 315-Application of computers to communicate, analyze and solve problems in the management, specification, production, and testing of packaging systems.

PKG 322- Physical and chemical properties, manufacture, conversion, and use of wood, paper, paperboard, and related components in packaging. Design, use, and evaluation of packages.

PKG 323- Physical and chemical properties of plastics and their relationship to selection, design, manufacture, performance, and evaluation of packages.

PKG 410-Identification and measurement of hazards in physical distribution. Methods of protection against climate, shock, vibration, and compression.

PKG 485-Package development including selection, design and implementation of package systems for protection, distribution, merchandising, use and disposal.

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Drivers of ChangeAging Trend

• 20% of the US population will be over the age of 65 by 2030 (Federal Interagency Forum on Aging)

• 5% of the US population will be over the age of 85 by 2050

•20% of the US population will be over the age of 65 by the year 2030

5% of the US population will be over the age of 85 by the year 2050 (Interagency Forum on Aging

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Changing Marketplac

e

• Escalating competition for customers

• Customer expectations are increasing

• Customization

• Diverse range of product choices available

• Changes in advertising

• Remote control

• Fragmentation

• DVR, Satellite radio• Viral movement

• Packaging takes on a more prominent role in not only reaching the customer, but in retaining them

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Expense to be dealt with

Tool for Adding Value

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• Rise in combination products

• Innovative delivery systems

• Compliance enhancing packaging

• Customized kits

Iconic Transitions

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Iconic Transitions

Iconic Transitions

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Ongoing work at the HUB

de la Fuente’s work-Combines Human Processor Theory

with Usability Theory

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1. Exposure (Active or passive)

II. Notice (Perception)III. Encode

IV. ComprehendV. Comply

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Innovative New Closure Fails to be opened

• Maybe the consumer failed to notice the opening mechanism

• Maybe they noticed the mechanism, but failed to notice the directions for use

• Maybe they noticed, but failed to understand

• Maybe they noticed and understood, but were physically unable to manipulate

Visual Cognition

• Eye Tracking

• Change Detection

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Sundar• PWLs in 5 color contrasts

• Population of young adults

• Population of 50+

• Of the test participants

• 22% failed to notice ANY of the five PWLS

• 40% failed to notice one or more

• Significant differences in the attentive behaviors of the two populations

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Kosugi’s Work-Change Detection

• 46 people tested

• 16 women and 30 men

• Exposed to 3 groups of 5 changes

• 2 critical

• 3 dummies

• Total of 6 critical changes per participant

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QuickTime™ and aMPEG-4 Video decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

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Front of Pack

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QuickTime™ and aMPEG-4 Video decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Change Detection

• 8 Pairs of look-alike, sound-alike drug names

• Each pair in TALLMAN and traditional format

• 40 lay people, 40 healthcare providers

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Characterizing the Physical Interface

QuickTime™ and aMPEG-4 Video decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

• Timed task analysis

• Kinematics (Mechanical Engineering/Biomechanics)

• Kinetics

QuickTime™ and aMPEG-4 Video decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

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Future Work

• Learning Assessment Center (LAC)

• Joint MSU SoP, CHM, Osteopathic Medicine, Nursing, Vet Medicine, Biomechanics

• http://lac.msu.edu/tour.htm

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