A Strong-motion Database From the Peru–Chile Subduction Zone
InVina Chile Viticultural Zone Presentation
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Transcript of InVina Chile Viticultural Zone Presentation
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A Brief Introduction to Chiles Viticultural Landscape
December, 2009
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Geog
raphy
Geography:
Atacama Desert to the North
Andes Mountains to the East
Pacific Ocean to the West
Antartica to the South
Geographically Protected fromPESTS and DISEASE
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Geog
raphy
Geography:
Most vineyards planted in Central Valley
New vineyard plantings moving toward
the hills and towards the ocean
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Clim
ate
Climate: Summers:
Dry (almost no rain from October to April)
Low humidity Bright sunshine
Hot during day, but cooling at night (up to20C temperature difference between dayand night)
Winters Moderate, with minimum low temperature
around -5C Ample rains
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Clim
ate
Pluviometry & Average Temperature
Rain in
WinterDry duringmaturationand harvest
season
Mild average
temperatures
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Wa
ter
Melting snowprovidesirrigation
water duringthe drysummers
Nearly allChilesvineyardsare irrigated
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ViticulturalZone
sLess Rain
Warmer
More Rain
A little Cooler
More rain in the South, less rain in the North
Temperature difference less important
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ViticulturalZones
Variations Within Valleys give Chile agreat number of microclimates
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Th
eSeasonCycle
The seasonal cycle
Pruning: July early September
Budding: Early OctoberFlowering: NovemberVeraison: Late January
Harvest: Late February (whites) tomid May 3 months forharvest
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ProductionInforma
tion
Colchagua, Curico and Maule have 72%
of Chiles viniferous vineyards.
Source: SAG (Chilean Agriculture and Livestock Service) Catastro Vitivinicola Nacional 2007
Vitis Vinifera Distribution
% of Total Hectares
Colchagua28%
Bio Bio12%
Aconcagua
5%Maipo
9%
North
2%
Curico and
Maule
44%
Total Grape Hectares, 2007
Viticultural Zone
Fresh
Grapes
Pisco
Grapes
Viniferous
Grapes Total
North 19,044 9,982 2,311 31,337
Aconcagua 12,183 5,567 17,750
Maipo 11,838 10,800 22,639
Colchagua 11,302 34,257 45,559
Curico and Maule 745 50,574 51,319
Bio Bio 7 14,050 14,057
55,119 117,559 182,661
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ProductionInforma
tion
76% of Chiles wine grape production is of
Red grapes.
Source: SAG (Chilean Agriculture and Livestock Service) Catastro Vitivinicola Nacional 2007
White vs. Red Grape Distribution
White
27,658 has.
24%
Red
86,790 has.
76%
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ProductionInforma
tion
Cabernet is 46% of total red grape area
Source: SAG (Chilean Agriculture and Livestock Service) Catastro Vitivinicola Nacional 2007
Red Grape Variety Distribution, % area
Pais, 17%
Cabernet
Sauvignon, 46%
Merlot, 15%
Carmenre, 8%
Tintoreras, 3%
Syrah, 4%
Cab. Franc, 1%
Cot, 1%
Other, 3%
Malbec, 1%
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ProductionInforma
tion
Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay and Moscatel
are 82% of white grape vineyard area
Source: SAG (Chilean Agriculture and Livestock Service) Catastro Vitivinicola Nacional 2007
White Grape Variety Distribution % Area
Mosc.Alejandra,
21%
Sauvignon Blanc,
31%
Chardonnay, 30%
Other, 6%Viognier, 1%
Riesling, 1%
Torontel, 4%
Semilln, 6%
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ViticulturalZone
s
Chiles grape producing area is concentrated in
the central part of the country
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ViticulturalZone
s
Chile has 9 major valleys
Aconcagua
Casablanca Maipo
Cachapoal
Colchagua Curic
Maule
Itata Bo Bo
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ViticulturalZone
s
Administrative divisions are alittle different:
Casablanca is asubvalley ofAconcagua
Cachapoal andColchagua are the 2subvalleys ofRapel
Valley
Curic + Maule areoften put together as
Maule Region Itata + Bo Bo are
often put together asBo Bo Region
RapelValley
Aconcagua
Valley
MauleRegion
Bo Bo
Region
Santiago
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Appen
dix1
Appendix 1: Estimated Costs
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Appendix1
Appendix 1: Key Costs
Estimated market prices for bare land, non worked,with water rights:
Maule Valley: US$ 8.000 / ha.
Curic Valley: US$ 10.000 / ha.
Colchagua Valley: US$ 14.000 / ha.
Maipo Valley: US$ 22.000 / ha. Aconcagua Valley: US$ 15.000 / ha.
Casablanca Valley: US$ 30.000 / ha.
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Appendix1
Appendix 1: Key Costs
Winery
Turnkey: about US$ 1.50 per installed liter
Metal warehouse structure: US$ 150 / m2
Storage tank costs 200.000 liters US$ 0.25 / Liter
121.000 liters US$ 0.27 / Liter
100.000 liters US$ 0.28 / Liter
Fermentation tanks 75.000 liters US$ 0.47 / Liter (w/ cooling)
60.000 liters US$ 0.49 / Liter (w/cooling)
50.000 liters US$ 0.53 / Liters (w/cooling)
30.000 liters US$ 0.68 / Liter (w/cooling)
15.000 liters US$ 0.95 / Liter (w/cooling)
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Appendix1
Vineyard Planting Timing factors
Feasible Planting Chronogram, has. / year
Y1: 50
Y2: 100
Y3 & onward: 150
KEY CONSIDERATION Rootstocks are key limiting factor
Additional rootstock availability limited, and importation is not anoption due to 4 yr. quarantine
Must make decision for nursery by June, to secure vineyardprunings to make rootstocks
New trend is to use grafted rootstocks that are resistant tonematodes and more vigorous
Land preparation must be completed before month of May each year
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Plant Nursery
New plants ready for planting
Soil Preparation
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Plants recentlyput into ground
A recentlyplanted vineyard
in late winter
A recentlyplanted vineyardin Spring
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Appendix2
Appendix 2: Details of the Chilean Valleys
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ViticulturalZones
Aconcagua Valley
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ViticulturalZones
Aconcagua Valley
Has. Vineyard 847
Geography Only major valley north of Santiago, located in the Aconcagua River Valley
Climate Hot, but with moderating influence of Andes Mountains. Very low rainfall
Varieties Reds, mostly Cabernet, Merlot and Syrah
Positive points Very safe region, as it almost never rains during harvest
Negative points Water and land are very scarce and expensive
Land Cost / Has.* USD 15,000
> A small valley limited to the valley immediately along the Aconcagua Valley,
traditionally dedicated to fruit and vegetable production to supply the Santiago
Metropolitan area.
> Long growing season allows long hang time, permitting the red grapes to mature
fully. Limited land and water resources mean little growth potential for the Valley
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Viticultur
alZones
Casablanca Valley
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Viticultur
alZones
Casablanca Valley
Has. Vineyard 4693
Geography
On the western side of the coastal mountains, Casablanca is very close to
the Pacific Ocean
Climate
Warm, with strong moderating influence from the cool Pacific Ocean (fog in
morning, ocean breeze in afternoon)
Varieties White grapes, mostly Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc
Positive points Excellent for producing premium white grapes
Negative points Water is very scarce, land is expensive, and spring frosts are very common
Land Cost / Has.* USD 30,000
> The only major valley located on the western side of the coastal mountains, and the
cooling influence of the Pacific Ocean made it famous for white grapes.
> Its location along the route between Santiago and Valpariso gives the valley a
strong touristic value
> Scarce water resources will limit future growth potential
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Viticultur
alZones
Maipo Valley
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Viticultur
alZones
Maipo Valley
Has. Vineyard 10,791
Geography Santiago region, and immediate south of Santiago
Climate The central valley region is hot, but as you go up the Andes foothills it getscooler
Varieties Mostly red varieties
Positive points
On Andes foothills the cool Andes Mountain influence makes it possible to
produce premium Cabernet Sauvignon
Negative points
Land is extremely expensive, mostly due to potential for urban development
and other agricultural uses
Land Cost / Has.* USD 22,000
> The greatest part of the vineyards are located in the fertile central valley plain,
where the soils are too vigorous and the temperatures too high for premium quality.
> It became famous because of its proximity to Santiago and the large number ofwineries located in the region
> While it is the most famous viticultural zone of Chile, its actual vineyard area is
small, and only the sections in the Andes foothills are famous for premium quality.
> Alternative uses for land, such as urban expansion, limit the growth potential of the
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Viticultur
alZones
Cachapoal Valley
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Viticultur
alZones
Colchagua Valley
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Viticultur
alZones
Rapel Valley (Cachapoal + Colchagua)
Has. Vineyard 33,856
Geography Central Valley and also a lot of interior valleys in coastal mountains
Climate
Hot in Central Valley and most interior valleys, getting cooler as you
approach the coastal regions
Varieties Mostly red
Positive points
Some regions, such as Marchigue, Apalta and Lolol can produce premium
quality wines
Negative points Expensive, and water is very scarce
Land Cost / Has.* USD 15,000
> Rapel has recently become famous due to the excellent work by some of the
regions wineries, such as Montes, Viu Manent, Casa Lapostlle, Montgras.
> It is home to the second largest expanse of vineyards in Chile. It has a diversity of
climates, but is most famous for its hotter regions which produce concentrated red
wines
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Viticultur
alZones
Maule Region (Curico + Maule)
Has. Vineyard 50,315
Geography
The largest wine region of Chile, it covers all geographies, from Andes
foothills, to central valley to coastal regions
Climate Slightly cooler than Rapel and Maipo, with higher rainfall
Varieties Whites and reds
Positive points Cooler climate gives potential for developing more elegant wine styles.
Negative points Risk of rainfall during harvest is higher.
Land Cost / Has.* USD 8,000
> The largest viticultural zone in Chile is also the least famous. Much of the valleys
production is fragmented into small, traditional producers without much orientation
toward quality.
> The more moderate climate holds the potential to produce premium reds and
whites, once production tecniques and varieties are brought up to standard.> The valley still has considerable land and water resources, giving it great future
growth potential
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Viticultur
alZones
Itata Valley
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Viticultur
alZones
Bo Bo Valley
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Viticultur
alZones
Bo Bo Valley (Itata + Bio Bio)
Has. Vineyard 14,022
Geography
The largest wine region of Chile, it covers all geographies, from Andes
foothills, to central valley to coastal regions
Climate Cooler and with much higher incidence of rainfall during growing season
Varieties Whites and early maturing reds
Positive points Cooler climate gives potential for developing more elegant wine styles.
Negative points Risk of rainfall during harvest is higher.
Land Cost / Has.* USD 7,000
> However, its southern location, cooler climate make it less suitable for late-maturing
varieties like Cabernet Sauvignon
> The region with the largest concentration of small, traditional producers holds good
potential for future development.
> Its large land and water resources make it ideal for future growth potential.
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