What is the best investment of any What is the best investment of any government ?government ?

Investment in science Investment in science and development !!!and development !!!

DEVELOPMENT AND FINANCING OF DEVELOPMENT AND FINANCING OF INNOVATIVE BIOMASS POWER INNOVATIVE BIOMASS POWER

TECHNOLOGY IN SERBIATECHNOLOGY IN SERBIA

•• Dr. Dragoljub Dakic, Institute VINCA, Dr. Dragoljub Dakic, Institute VINCA, deputy Director in National Program of deputy Director in National Program of Energy efficiency, Belgrade, Serbia, Energy efficiency, Belgrade, Serbia, dakicdr@vin.bg.ac.yudakicdr@vin.bg.ac.yu,,

Serbian Government supports programs for Serbian Government supports programs for using biomass fuelusing biomass fuel

Ministry of Energy Ministry of Energy and Miningand Mining

Ministry of ScienceMinistry of Science

Serbian Energy Serbian Energy Efficiency AgencyEfficiency Agency

4 projects for 4 projects for implementation of implementation of

biomass fuelbiomass fuel

National Program For National Program For Energy EfficiencyEnergy Efficiency

………………..Renewable energy Renewable energy

sourcessources……………………

14 research and 14 research and development projects for development projects for new technologies in using new technologies in using

biomass fuelbiomass fuel

Ministry of agriculturalMinistry of agricultural

National investigation planNational investigation plan1 project with Ministry of science1 project with Ministry of science

ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN SERBIA

Total primary energy consumption in Serbia is about15 MtoeFinal energy consumption is7.4 MtoeTotal electrical energy consumption is about3 MtoeRate of hydro-PP in total electrical energy production 34%

Coal7.952%

Oil4.027%

N. Gas2.114%

Hydro1.07%

Mtoe - Milion tons oil equivalent1 toe = 11.63 MWh

RES POTENTIAL IN SERBIA

Total potential (without solar energy and large hydropower plants) is estimated on 3.2 Mtoe, or about 25% in relation to total primary energy consumptionBiomass - 2.6 MtoeSmall hydropower plants (SHPP) - 0.15 MtoeGeothermal sources - 0.18 MtoeWind - 0.2 MtoeSolar - 0.1 toe/m2

BIOMASS

Potential is 2.6 Mtoe• 60% agricultural biomass• 40% wood

Currently situation and using• installed bio-diesel capacities

Lurgy technology 100,000 - 200,000 t annually

• for heating:– mostly individual, quite often– low efficiency use– precision statistical data do not exist

Progressing use potentials• basically, for heating, but more efficiency• cogeneration systems• bio-fuels using

Arable land in Serbia

Forests in Serbia

Institute VINCA Laboratory for Thermal Engineering and Energy

Research and development activities on Research and development activities on new technologies in using biomass fuelnew technologies in using biomass fuel

”VINCA” INSTITUTELABORATORY for THERMAL ENGINEERING and ENERGYP.O.Box. 522, 11001 BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA, tel. (++381 11) 45 82 22, fax. (++381 11) 3443498, E-Mail: dakicdr@rt270.vin.bg.ac.yuwww.vin.bg.ac.yu/140

Development of biomassDevelopment of biomass--fired boilers at fired boilers at the Vinthe Vinčča Institute a Institute –– main starting pointsmain starting points

•• Maximum of energMaximum of energyy out of 1 ha of land, without out of 1 ha of land, without disturbing the balance in agricultural productiondisturbing the balance in agricultural production::

•• -- utilutilization of waste biomassization of waste biomass•• -- the lowest possible energy for biomass the lowest possible energy for biomass

preparationpreparation•• -- the lowest possible selfthe lowest possible self--consumption of consumption of

electricityelectricity•• -- high efficiencyhigh efficiency•• -- low level of investment and low level of investment and

operation/maintenance costsoperation/maintenance costs•• -- satisfying the environmental protection normssatisfying the environmental protection norms•• -- the ability to manufacture the energy the ability to manufacture the energy

production facility in Serbiaproduction facility in Serbia

The development pathThe development path

•• Utilization of experiences gained during the development Utilization of experiences gained during the development of boilers with fluidized bed combustion of biomassof boilers with fluidized bed combustion of biomass

•• Design and construction of small household furnaces Design and construction of small household furnaces with heat accumulationwith heat accumulation

•• Design and construction of a small boiler for combustion Design and construction of a small boiler for combustion of baled biomass by productof baled biomass by product

•• Design and construction of a realDesign and construction of a real--scale experimental scale experimental facility, in order to confirm the technology of cigarettefacility, in order to confirm the technology of cigarette--type combustion of large balestype combustion of large bales

•• Designing of a realDesigning of a real--scale energy production facility (hot scale energy production facility (hot water boiler)water boiler)

•• Manufacturing and commissioning of the boilerManufacturing and commissioning of the boiler

Furnace with heat accumulation

in a household environment

Furnace with the Pt/Al2O3catalyst – emission control

The catalystCO emission

33DD model of the furnacemodel of the furnace

Flow and temperature fields Flow and temperature fields -- numerical modelingnumerical modeling

3D numerical model 3D numerical model -- heat heat exchanger in the third draftexchanger in the third draft

Temperature field in theheat exchanger - numerical

modeling

The boiler burning small bales of soya straw and other biomass – technological scheme

Old hot water boiler: • low efficiency • high emission of

pollution• difficult to handle

New design of boiler:• high efficiency• low emission• easy to handle

Schematic of the experimental Schematic of the experimental demonstration unit for burning large demonstration unit for burning large

rolled soybean straw balesrolled soybean straw bales

13

9

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15

8

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15

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1

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A A

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Section A-A

Section C-C 16 15

15

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89

10

12

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5

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1410 10

13

13

12

Marks

devolatilization

drying

flue gas

air

ash

combustion

The experimental unit (furnace) in the production phase

Experimental unit burning large rolled soybean Experimental unit burning large rolled soybean straw balesstraw bales

Demo energy production utility with combustion of Demo energy production utility with combustion of large rolled bales of soya straw large rolled bales of soya straw ––

immediately after firingimmediately after firing

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Tem

pera

ture

in th

e zo

ne ju

st a

bove

the

bale

[oC

]

Time [min]

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

0

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600

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1000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

0

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CO

con

cent

ratio

n [p

pm]

Highest temperature inside the furnace

Tem

pera

ture

in th

e zo

ne ju

st a

bove

the

bale

[oC

]

CO concentration

Time [min]

Maximum temperature Maximum temperature in the furnacein the furnace

Results of measurements during one of the operational tests

Temperature in the bale zone

0 20 40 60 80 100 120-2

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Time [min]

CO

2 con

cent

ratio

n [%

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CO2concentration

CO concentration and temperature

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

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Time [min]

Tem

pera

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in th

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ear t

he b

ale

[o C]

Characteristics of the boilerCharacteristics of the boiler

•• Power: 1.5 MWPower: 1.5 MW•• Fuel: large soya straw bales (0.7x1.2x2.7 m)Fuel: large soya straw bales (0.7x1.2x2.7 m)•• Hot water boiler (95/70 Hot water boiler (95/70 ooC)C)•• Efficiency: 77Efficiency: 77--81 %81 %•• Heat storage vessel: 100 mHeat storage vessel: 100 m33•• Cigarette burning combustion principleCigarette burning combustion principle

Financial construction for support Financial construction for support industrial boiler developmentindustrial boiler development

•• Ministry of science: 55.000 Ministry of science: 55.000 €€ + 42 RM+ 42 RM•• Ministry of agricultural: 65. 000 Ministry of agricultural: 65. 000 €€•• PKB corporation: 20.000 PKB corporation: 20.000 €€ + Boiler + Boiler

building + heat storage vesselbuilding + heat storage vessel•• TIPO TIPO –– boiler company: work without any boiler company: work without any

profitprofit

Scheme of the boiler house (Vertical cross section)

Hot water boiler under construction

Hot water boiler under construction

The boiler in operation, with final works underway

Greenhouses at the PKB Corporation

The boiler control panel

Bale transporter Heat exchangers

The boiler house in operation

heat storage tank cyclone - ash separator, flue gas fan and the chimney

Boiler with new hydraulic bal feeder and Boiler with new hydraulic bal feeder and water cooling tunnel for heating season water cooling tunnel for heating season

08/0908/09

Some results of working Some results of working parametersparameters

Cigar burners is recommended by EUCigar burners is recommended by EU

Biomass for heat applications(Source: B. Kavalov, S.D. Peteves, ''Bioheat applications in the European Union: An Analysis and Perspective for 2010'',

European Commission, Directorate-General Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy, 2004)

The final aim of research The final aim of research and developmentand development

•• Reaching such a level of development Reaching such a level of development that facilities of this kind could be that facilities of this kind could be offered on any marketoffered on any market

•• Application of developed facilities for Application of developed facilities for combined heat and electricity combined heat and electricity productionproduction

Scheme ofScheme of facilities for combined heat and facilities for combined heat and electricity productionelectricity production