PlanningBackground: Provide a context for the investigationWrite an aim – How does changing _____ affect the _________of ______

Variables Factor DescriptionIndependent Temperature Temperature will be changed by heating with a Bunsen

burner and measurements will be made every 10 degrees as measured by a thermometer

Dependent Conductivity Measured using a LabPro conductivity probe

Fixed

Method• A labelled diagram should be used to support

method • Numbered single instruction sentences• Must include how to alter the IV, how to measure

the DV and how to control other variables• Highlight any safety precautions made in a

separate boxExample1. Set up equipment as shown in the diagram.2. Use a measuring cylinder to collect 20ml of hydrochloric acid.

Data CollectionIndependent Variable ± uncertainty (units)

Dependent Variable ± uncertainty (units)

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average

Volume of acid (ml)

Conductivity (μS/cm)

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average

10

20

30

40

50

General example

Example

Qualitative notes including any anomalies should be recorded after the results table

Remember you target is 5 sets of data each repeated 3 times

Data Analysis•Construct a scatter graph with a trend line – the independent variable should always be on the x-axis

•Describe the graph trend in words and with a mathematical formula. E.g. A straight line of best fit with a positive gradient (y = 84x-2)

Conclusion• Make a conclusive statement – what

did you find out • Offer a scientific explanation• Comment on the validity of your

findings compared to theory

EvaluationImprovementsIssue Impact ImprovementExample: Volume not controlled

Increased the size of the random error

Example: Measure 100ml with measuring cylinder