Investigate and find explanations for how human need for heat has led to technology developments...
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Investigate and find explanations for how human need for heat has led to technology developments
Discuss how human needs cause an increase in use of energy sources
Describe thermal energy – what is it? Understand the effect heat has on different forms
of matter Apply my understanding of heat and temperature
to explain events in nature and human-created devices
Analyze issues related to heat technologies and the environment’s ability to support us
Ask science-based questions Design an experiment when given a
question Conduct an investigation Analyze and interpret my qualitative
and quantitative data Work collaboratively with my peers
Show interest in science Appreciate how different ideas from all
over the world mix together to bring about understanding
Take my time and consider various approaches to investigations, problems and issues
Begin to recognize my impact on the environment
Work safely in the science classroom and lab
What heat-related technologies do we use to meet human needs?
What are the scientific principles that make these technologies work?
What impact do these technologies have on natural resources and the environment?
Sustainability Heat energy Particle model of
matter Kinetic energy Volume Temperature Thermal energy Heat
Expand Contract Thermal expansion Conduction Conductor Convection Radiant energy Wave Infrared waves
Heat is not a substance It is a form of energy
› This comes from the movement of the particles that make up all matter
› Official unit is the Joule (J)
Learning Concept› Investigate and interpret examples of
Heat-related technologies Energy use
www.morganhilltimes.com
Since ancient times humans have needed thermal energy (heat) for their survival
Understanding heat is important in every day life
www.patentbaristas.com
Our way of life is influenced by climate
Heat, science and technology are all linked to how we create and use heat to meet our needs
www.searchenginepeople.com
Needs are our basic required conditions that have to be met in order to survive
In Canada, heat is linked to shelter, clothing, food, water and physical activity
www.beaverpromotions.co.uk
Learning Concept› Trace linkages between human requirements and the development of Heat-related materials Heat-related technology
http://gravesmagnadyne.com
Science Log› Identify three ways that thermal energy
has been used throughout history:
Furnaces and air conditioners are technologies which help keep our shelter comfortable and livable
The ability to store or cook food and water are related to heat as well
www.isaveearth.org
Heat-related technology has changed over time› As people evolve, so does technology
Science Log› Identify three ways that thermal energy
has been used to make our lives easier:
Learning Concept› Identify examples of
Personal choices in energy resources and technology
Society choices in energy resources and technology
Science Log› Take a mental tour of your home. As you
travel from room to room, think about household items that use or make heat. Make a list. Which are wants? Which are needs?
Lab #1 – Dissect an Electrical Device
http://images.clipartof.com
Learning Concept› Identify and explain uses of devices and
systems to Generate ... Transfer ... Control ... Remove ...
... thermal energy
Activity #1 – Measuring Temperature› page 193, 194, 199, 200, 201
Lab #2 – Make Your Own Thermometer
http://l.thumbs.canstockphoto.com
Learning Concept› Describe the nature of thermal energy
Thermal energy is heat energy› Form of energy that moves from high
temperatures to low temperatures› When your hands are cold outside in the
winter ... Heat is travelling from your hands out to the
cold air surrounding you The cold does not flow into your hands from the
cold air!
Thermal energy can:› Change the state of matter› Affect the particles that make up matter› Transfer from a hotter object to a cooler
one
Learning Concept› Describe the effect of heat on the motion
of particles› Explain changes of state
Particle Model of Matter
The Particle Model of Matter has been developed by scientists who study changes in the state of matter
1. All matter is made up of particles• These particles are too tiny to see without
the aid of electron microscopes
2. The tiny particles of matter are always moving
› The movement of the particles varies depending on state (gas, solid, liquid)
› Movement involves a form of energy known as kinetic energy
3. The particles have spaces between them
› Different states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) have different amounts of space between them
› Most amount found in gas, least amount found in solids
4. Adding heat to matter makes the particles move around faster
› The faster something moves, the more kinetic energy it has
› Adding heat (a type of energy) increases the kinetic energy of the particles
Solid state› Matter in a solid state has particles
attached to one another in all directions› Definite shape and volume
Volume refers to the amount of space the matter occupies
Solid state› Attached means limited movement, and
can move around in fixed position Vibrate in place Less kinetic energy than gas or liquid
Liquid State› Particles are loosely attached to one
another and can slip past each other› Liquids take the shape of their
container but still have a fixed volume
Liquid State› Larger empty spaces which means there
is a greater range of movement More kinetic energy than a solid but less
than a gas
Gas State› Particles are not connected to one
another› A gas can fill the empty spaces of a
container, as it has no set shape› Spaces between particles is larger than in
a solid or a liquid
Gas State› Particles have the greatest freedom of
movement Gases have the most kinetic energy
compared to a liquid or a solid
Heat changes the speed of moving particles of matter› Causes an increase in kinetic energy if
heat is transferred in› When heat is lost, the kinetic energy of
the particles decreases
Learning Concept Distinguish between heat and
temperature› Explain using kinetic energy› Explain using Particle Model of Matter
Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is
Heat is the energy that is transferred from one substance to another due to differences in kinetic energy
Review: thermal energy is energy associated with hot objects› The total kinetic energy of all the particles
the substance contains
In the following space, illustrate particle movement in a cup of water:
- being held over a candle flame- being held in a freezer
Learning Concept Investigate & describe the effects of
heating and cooling on the volume of different materials› Identify applications of these effects
Inquiry Activity– Heating & Cooling a Copper Wire
When materials warm up, the particle model of matter says the particles move faster and further apart› It expands, and there is an increase in
volume as temperature increases› Occurs when heat is transferred to a solid
When materials cool down, the particle motion is slower› Materials contract, or have a decrease in
volume, as they cool› Happens when heat is transferred from
the warm object to the cooler one
Find Out Activity pg 211 – Stretch & Shrink› Expansion & contraction of solids
Find Out Activity pg 215 – Bulging Balloons› Expansion & contraction of gases
www.j2catering.co.uk
Find Out Activity pg 216 – Race for the Top› Expansion & contraction of liquids› Demonstration
http://static.howstuffworks.com
Understanding how materials expand and contract is critical information for a variety of professions› Engineers who design bridges need to
consider how the materials will contract in the cold, or expand in the heat
http://mrrockhillphyscialscience.files.wordpress.com
Homemade Hot Air Balloons
http://airpurifierreviews.info
Learning Concept› Explain how heat is transmitted by
Conduction Convection Radiation
Conduction is the flow of energy between substances that are in contact› Most common in solids› The particles do not move, only the heat
does
www.cookware.org
If a material allows easy transfer of the energy, it is a conductor
An insulator is a material which does not allow the easy transfer of energy› Insulators and conductors are often
combined to create safe tools
www.trainelectronics.com
Problem Solving Activity – The Butter Test
www.blogadilla.com
Heat is also transferred through matter by convection› The flow of heat energy that involves
moving liquid or gas particles› Because the particles move, convection
only occurs in liquids and gases, not in solids
www.physics.arizona.edu
Heat transfer by convection occurs when the particles in a liquid or gas move in circular patterns› Convection currents› http://www.absorblearning.com/media/attachment.action?
quick=an&att=758
http://sci.gallaudet.edu
Demonstration – Convection in a Gas› Students – inn the drawing indicate the
path of the smoke after the splint or incense stick is lit and held above the smoke box
Conduction and convection are two ways to transfer energy
Radiation is the transfer of energy by invisible waves (infrared waves) that can travel great distances› Radiant energy
www.household-helper.com
When radiant energy comes in contact with an object, the particles increase their kinetic energy
http://quantumfreak.com
Inquiry Activity – Heating Different Colored Surfaces
Learning Concept› Compare heat transmission in different
materials
Ice Cube Challenge
CONCEPT 2 QUIZwww.recipeapart.com
• 12 multiple choice• 2 numerical response• 6 marks short answer