Invertebrate Animals by Phylum Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida...

Invertebrate Animals by Phylum

PoriferaCnidaria

PlatyhelminthesNematodaMolluscaAnnelida

Arthropoda

What’s a PHYLUM?

• Phylum: a taxonomic grouping of similar classes of organisms

• Translation: a “phylum” is a GROUP of organisms who have a lot in common

• Phyla are big, huge CLADES, just below KINGDOMS in size and just above CLASSES in size

What’s an INVERTEBRATE?

• Definition: an animal without a backbone.

• None of the animals so far have had backbones, but we’re not done yet!

On to the Phyla!• Porifera • Cnidaria• Platyhelminthes• Nematoda• Mollusca• Annelida • Arthropoda

Already covered in detail.

Today’s Focus. But what do you already know?

Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda

Phylum Porifera• The first animals: SPONGES!


Phylum Porifera• The first animals: SPONGES!• Asymmetrical body plan


Phylum Porifera• The first animals: SPONGES!• Asymmetrical body plan• Sessile adults, mobile “babies”


Phylum Porifera• The first animals: SPONGES!• Asymmetrical body plan• Sessile adults, mobile “babies”• Filter-feed to eat


Phylum Porifera• The first animals: SPONGES!• Asymmetrical body plan• Sessile adults, mobile “babies”• Filter-feed to eat• Reproduce Sexually: pump sperm into water


Phylum Porifera• The first animals: SPONGES!• Asymmetrical body plan• Sessile adults, mobile “babies”• Filter-feed to eat• Reproduce Sexually: pump sperm into water• Reproduce Asexually: by “budding”


Phylum Porifera• Asymmetrical body plan• Sessile adults, mobile “babies”• Filter-feed to eat• Reproduce Sexually: pump sperm into water• Reproduce Asexually: by “budding”• No internal organs; acoelomate


Phylum Porifera• Asymmetrical body plan• Sessile adults, mobile “babies”• Filter-feed to eat• Reproduce Sexually: pump sperm into water • Reproduce Asexually: by “budding”• No digestive tract• No internal organs; acoelomate• Key adaptations:

Have all general “animal” traits• Special:

– held together by collagen, spicules for defense, complete regeneration!!!!1!


Phylum Cnidaria!• The First MOVERS: Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!


Phylum Cnidaria 2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA


Phylum Cnidaria• Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!• 2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA

• Usually sessile polyps, mobile medusas



• Sessile polyps, Mobile medusas• Nutrition: actively capture prey



• Sessile polyps, Mobile medusas• Actively capture prey• Adults reproduce sexually

and are dioecious• Moon jelly polyps reproduce

asexually by budding



• Sessile polyps, Mobile medusas• Actively capture prey• Reproduction:

– mostly sexual (dioecious: 2 separate sexes)– Moon Jelly polyps reproduce asexually (by budding)

PoriferaCnidariaPlatyhelminthesNematodaMolluscaAnnelidaArthropoda

Phylum Cnidaria• 2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA

• Sessile polyps, Mobile medusas• Actively capture prey• Reproduction:

– mostly sexual (dioecious: 2 separate sexes)– Moon Jelly polyps reproduce asexually (by budding)

• Key adaptations: – Movement (nerve net, 2 sets of muscles) – Incomplete Digestive Tract (mouth, stomach, no anus) – Behavior (capture prey, fight, mate)

• Special:– Liquid Skeleton, nematocysts, tentacles


Phylum Platyhelminthes!Planarian Flatworms • Habitat: salt and freshwater

Parasitic Flatworms• Habitat: inside other animals


Phylum PlatyhelminthesPlanarian Flatworms • Habitat: salt and freshwater• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,

cephalization (has a head)

Parasitic Flatworms• Habitat: inside other animals• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,

cephalization (has a head)



cephalization (has a head)• Locomotion: ripple to swim


cephalization (has a head)• Locomotion: sessile inside host



cephalization (has a head)• Locomotion: ripple to swim• Nutrition: hunts for food,


cephalization (has a head)• Locomotion: sessile inside host• Nutrition: steals host’s food;



cephalization (has a head)• Locomotion: ripple to swim• Nutrition: hunts for food, tube-

like “pharynx” for mouth• Reproduction: sexual

hermaphroditism, asexual regeneration


cephalization (has a head)• Locomotion: sessile inside host• Nutrition: steals host’s food;

head is “scolex” with suckers• Reproduction: sexual (complex

parasitic life cycle)



cephalized• Locomotion: ripple to swim• Nutrition: hunts for food, tube-like

“pharynx” for mouth• sexual hermaphrodites, asexual

regeneration• Key adaptations:

– bilateral symmetry, arrow-shaped head, sense organs, ganglia


cephalized• Locomotion: sessile inside host• Nutrition: steals host’s food; head is

a “scolex” with suckers• Reproduction: sexual (complex

parasitic life cycle)• Key adaptations:

– bilateral symmetry, arrow-shaped head, sense organs, ganglia


Phylum Nematoda!• Common name: ROUNDWORMS• Body plan: bilateral symmetry, cylindrical

body with tapered ends


Phylum Nematoda• Locomotion: twitching, flicking motion


Phylum Nematoda

Eat micro-organisms in soil

Parasitic roundworms Eat off of host


Phylum Nematoda• Reproduction:

– Sexual; separate males and females; females bigger


Phylum Nematoda• Coelom?

– Has some organs, just no COELOM to hold them!– Psuedocoelomate.


Phylum Nematoda• New adaptations

–Complete digestive tract (an anus!)–Semi-terrestrial


Phylum Mollusca!• 3 Classes of Mollusks:

– Bivalves• “two shelled” • Clams & oysters

– Gastropods • “stomache foot”• Snails & slugs

– Cephalopods• “head foot”• Octopi, squids, and cuttlefish

• Body Plan: Bilateral symmetry, soft body with a hard shell (usually)


Phylum Mollusca

• Nutrition: – Active hunters

and grazers– Scrape up

food w/ radula


Phylum Mollusca

• Reproduction: – Sexual– Non-hermaphroditic (dioecious)– Both internal and external fertilization


Phylum Mollusca

• Key adaptations:–COELOMATE!–Advanced eyes–Open circulatory system

• Special:–High intelligence, hard shell, beak, jet

propulsion


Phylum Mollusca

• Representative species: earthworms, leeches, polychaetes

• AKA “Segmented Worms”


Phylum Annelida!

• Body Plan:–Bilaterally symmetrical–Long, thin, segmented body

• New Adaptations:–Segmentation–Closed circulatory system


Phylum Annelida


Phylum Annelida• Nutrition:

–Some filter-feed–Some graze on plants–Some parasites–Some are vicious predators

• Reproduction:– All kinds!

• Mostly sexual

– Some hermaphroditic– Some dioecious

• Some asexual– Cut in half, have two worms

• Mostly internal fertilization, some external


Phylum Annelida

• New adaptations:– Closed circulatory system

• More efficient delivery of blood/oxygen

– Segmentation• allows better movement and sequential parts

• Locomotion:– Peristaltic movement– Parapodia – Setae for traction


Phylum Annelida

• The conquerors! • Representatives:

– insects– arachnids – crustaceans

Probably more than ten million species.Whoa.


Finally: Phylum Arthropoda

• Body Plan: – Bilateral symmetry– Segmented– Exoskeleton– Jointed appendages– Many internal organs

There MUST be a coelom to hold it all in place!


Phylum Arthropoda

• Nutrition: Very diverse!– Herbivores AND carnivores. . . – Grazers, hunters, trappers, parasites. . .

• Locomotion: Very diverse!• Some fly, some swim, some walk or dig

They’re everywhere, eating everything!


Phylum Arthropoda

• Reproduction: Very diverse!– Mostly dioecious– Mostly internal fertilization– Mostly have complex metamorphic life cycles.

• (lay eggs, larvae hatch, larvae grow and metamorphose into adults)


Phylum Arthropoda

• New adaptations:– Jointed appendages

• used for SO MANY THINGS

– Exoskeleton• Protection, anchor muscles, keeps water in body

– Respiratory system• For being totally terrestrial!

– Terrestrial


Phylum Arthropoda

Porifera - Sponges

Cnidaria - Jellyfish, Sea Anemones, Hydras

Platyhelminthes - Flatworms

Nematoda - Roundworms

Mollusca - Bivalves, Gastropods, Cephalopods

Annelida - Segmented Worms

Arthropoda - Insects, Arachnids, Crustaceans


Phyla: where we’ve been.

Echinodermata Chordata

? ?

Any guesses about these guys?


Phyla: where we’re going.

Echinodermata Chordata

Here they aaare:

Invertebrate Animals by Phylum Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida...

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