Inversion Oxygenation and Bio augmentation Reduces...
Transcript of Inversion Oxygenation and Bio augmentation Reduces...
Inversion Oxygenation and Bio augmentation Reduces Invasive Eurasian Watermilfoil Growth in
Four Michigan Inland Lakes
Jennifer L. Jermalowicz-JonesRestorative Lake Sciences
© Restorative Lake Sciences
Austin Lake, Kalamazoo County, MI
• Lake Volume = 4,408 acre-feet• Mean Depth = 4.0 feet• Max Depth = 14.0 feet• Mean Annual Runoff = 330
acre-feet• Mean Annual Pfizer Outputs =
350 acre-feet• Mean Annual Inlet Inputs =
724 acre-feet• Mean Annual Precip = 3,191
acre-feet• Mean Evaporative Losses =
2,600 acre-feet
Austin Lake South Basin System
• 27 micro-porous ceramic diffusers from Clean-Flo, Inc.®; Installed by Lake-Savers, Inc.
• 28,500 feet of self-sinking airline• Bacteria and enzyme treatments
which consist of 50 gallons of Lake Clear® bacteria for nitrogen reduction, 200 gallons of Clean and Clear ®Enzyme as a catalyst for muck reduction, and 200 lbs of Clean-Flo® bacteria for muck reduction.
• On-land components consist of 3 locally-sourced sheds (Lake-Savers®) and 5.4HP compressors along with cooling fans and ventilation.
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July 2012 (Pre-Aeration)
July 2013 (Post-Aeration)
July 2014 (Post-Aeration)
July 2015 (Post-Aeration)
Perc
enta
ge o
f tot
al (n
=98)
sam
plin
g si
tes
Time
Austin Lake South Basin EWM Changes due to Aeration + Bio augmentation
Changes in Austin Lake South Basin Sediments before and after Inversion Oxygenation
Sediment
Sampling
Date
Sediment
OM
(%)
Sediment
NH3+
(mg/kg)
Sediment
Nitrate +
Nitrite
(mg/kg)
Nov 11, 2010
Nov 13, 2013
78.8±11.5
72.2±12.7
331±97
192±52**
37.5±59
3.5±0.1**
Means based on n = 24 sediment samples
Indian Lake, Cass County, MI
• Surface Area = 499 (acres)
• Maximum Depth = 28 (ft.)
• Immediate Watershed Area = 5,445 (acres)
• Shoreline Development Factor = 1.5
• Shoreline Length = 4.84 (miles)
• Fetch = 1.41 (miles)
87 85
2 10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
June 2012 (Pre‐Aeration)
June 2013 (Post‐Aeration)
May 2014 (Post‐Aeration)
August 2015 (Post‐Aeration)
Freq
uency of sam
pling sites o
ut of 2
38
Time
Indian Lake EWM Changes due to Aeration + Bio augmentation
Changes in Indian Lake Sediments before and after Inversion Oxygenation
Sediment
Sampling
Date
Sediment
OM
(%)
Sediment
NH3+
(mg/kg)
Sediment
Nitrate +
Nitrite
(mg/kg)
June 15, 2014
August 11, 2015
58.7±7.2
41.0±5.5
98±7.6
13±4.9**
47±21
1.2±0.1**
Means based on n = 25 sediment samples
Parameter May2014
August 2015 Net Loss orGain
Total Sonar Points 16,766 16,765 NA
Very Soft Bottom (0-0.15) 0.04% 0.04% 0
Soft Bottom (.15 to .25) 25.5% 0.30% -25.2%
Medium Bottom (.25 to .35) 53.23%
66.32% +13.09%
Hard Bottom (.35 to .45) 12.19%
21.97% +9.78%
Very Hard Bottom (>.45) 6.37% 11.37% +5.0%
Changes in Sediment Composition
Paradise Lake, Emmet & Cheboygan Counties, MI
• Surface Area = 1,878 acre (acres); West Basin = 400 acres
• Maximum Depth = 15.1 (ft.)
• Shoreline Length = 14.3 (miles)
• Watershed: Lake = 8.9:1• One inlet and one outlet
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30 30
0
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June 2012 (Pre-Aeration)
June 2013 (Post-Aeration)
August 2014 (Post-Aeration)
June 2015 (Post-Aeration)
Freq
uenc
y of
Sam
plin
g Si
tes
out o
f 220
Time
Paradise Lake EWM Changes due to Aeration + Bio augmentation
Changes in Paradise Lake Sediments before and after Inversion Oxygenation
Sediment
Sampling
Date
Sediment
OM
(%)
Sediment
NH3+
(mg/kg)
Sediment
Nitrate +
Nitrite
(mg/kg)
August 10, 2012
June 30, 2015
62.7±13.9
32.8±8.9
119±24.9
6.3±8.8**
29±12
2.7±0.9**
Means based on n = 12 sediment samples
Pickerel Lake, Kalamazoo County, MI
• Surface Area = 135 (acres)
• Maximum Depth = 10 (ft.)
• Shoreline Length = 2.44 (miles)
• Fetch = 0.7 (miles)
96
3224
0
20
40
60
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100
120
October 2012 (Pre-Aeration)
June 2013 (Post-Aeration)
August 2015 (Post-Aeration)
Freq
uenc
y of
Sam
plin
g Si
tes
out o
f 120
Time
Pickerel Lake EWM Changes due to Aeration + Bio augmentation
Pickerel Lake Aquatic Vegetation Biovolume Changes
July 2014 (Pre-aeration) August 2015 (Post-aeration)
Conclusions
• Each of the 4 studied lakes showed significant reductions in EWM due to aeration + bio augmentation
• Two of the studied lakes with > 75% reduction in EWM had significant reduction in sediment ammonia, inorganic nitrogen, and % organic matter
• In Paradise Lake, the EWM polygons were “broken” up and there was a complete absence of a canopy since aeration began but acreage has declined from 100 acres in the West Basin to currently 58 acres
• This research suggests possible sediment nitrogen and organic nutrition mechanisms that occur from aeration + bio augmentation which appears to affect the nutrition of milfoil on certain sediment types.