INVENTORY OF CEMETERIES AT RISK Jean, and...
449
1 INVENTORY OF CEMETERIES AT RISK (Estrie, Montérégie, Laurentides, Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, and Outaouais) Cemetery Heritage Inventory and Restoration Initiative (CHIRI) Quebec Anglophone Heritage Network Edited by Matthew Farfan (March 31, 2008) Copyright 2008, QAHN, 400-257 Queen Street, Sherbrooke (Lennoxville), Quebec J1M 1K7
Transcript of INVENTORY OF CEMETERIES AT RISK Jean, and...
-
1
INV
EN
TO
RY
OF
CE
ME
TE
RIE
S A
T R
ISK
(E
stri
e, M
ont
rgi
e, L
aure
ntid
es, S
ague
nay-
Lac
-Sai
nt-J
ean,
and
Out
aoua
is)
C
emet
ery
Her
itage
Inve
ntor
y an
d R
esto
ratio
n In
itiat
ive
(CH
IRI)
Q
uebe
c A
nglo
phon
e H
erita
ge N
etw
ork
Ed
ited
by M
atth
ew F
arfa
n
(Mar
ch 3
1, 2
008)
Cop
yrig
ht 2
008,
QA
HN
, 40
0-25
7 Q
ueen
Stre
et,
Sher
broo
ke (L
enno
xvill
e), Q
uebe
c J1
M 1
K7
-
2
TA
BL
E O
F C
ON
TE
NT
S:
Ackn
owle
dgem
ents
3
In
trodu
ctio
n
4
Met
hodo
logy
5
Pr
oble
ms O
bser
ved
by F
ield
wor
kers
7
Rec
omm
enda
tions
1
2 Fi
ndin
gs
1
5 C
emet
erie
s at R
isk:
Eva
luat
ion
Form
s
18
Estri
e
1
9 A
sbes
tos
20
Coa
ticoo
k
2
3 Le
Gra
nit
104
Le H
aut-S
aint
-Fra
noi
s
13
1 Le
Val
Sai
nt-F
ran
ois
151
Mem
phr
mag
og
16
9 Ex
tinct
Cem
eter
ies,
Estri
e
25
0 M
ont
rgi
e
282
Bro
me-
Mis
sisq
uoi
28
3 La
Hau
te-Y
amas
ka
36
4 Le
Hau
t-Ric
helie
u
370
Extin
ct C
emet
erie
s, M
ont
rgi
e
379
Laur
entid
es
38
3 A
rgen
teui
l
38
4 La
Riv
ire
-du-
Nor
d
405
Les L
aure
ntid
es
42
0 Le
s Pay
s-d
en-H
aut
42
9 Sa
guen
ay-L
ac-S
aint
-Jea
n
432
Le F
jord
-du-
Sagu
enay
43
3 O
utao
uais
445
Papi
neau
44
6 A
ppen
dix:
Inst
ruct
ions
to In
vent
ory
Take
rs
44
9
-
3
AC
KN
OW
LE
DG
EM
EN
TS:
Th
e Q
uebe
c A
nglo
phon
e H
erita
ge N
etw
ork
grat
eful
ly a
ckno
wle
dges
the
finan
cial
con
tribu
tions
of b
oth
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Can
adia
n H
erita
ge a
nd T
owns
hipp
ers
Res
earc
h an
d C
ultu
ral F
ound
atio
n to
war
ds th
e co
mpl
etio
n of
th
is in
vent
ory.
Th
e fo
llow
ing
pers
ons a
nd o
rgan
izat
ions
hav
e be
en in
stru
men
tal i
n co
mpi
ling
info
rmat
ion
for t
his s
tudy
. With
out
thei
r dili
gent
rese
arch
, fie
ldw
ork,
bac
kgro
und
info
rmat
ion
and
dire
ctio
nal a
ssis
tanc
e, th
is p
roje
ct w
ould
not
hav
e be
en p
ossi
ble:
Judy
Ant
le, I
sabe
ll M
acA
rthur
Bea
ttie,
Kei
th B
enne
tt, Je
anie
Bou
tin, W
ells
Coa
tes,
Nel
son
and
Bar
bara
Cou
vret
te, J
oan
Cru
icks
hank
, Cat
hy C
urtis
, Hea
ther
Dar
ch, M
arily
n D
avis
, Syl
via
Fend
le, J
ohn
Fow
les,
Elai
ne F
ulle
r, Es
ther
and
Don
Hea
ly, J
im K
yle,
Ade
laid
e La
nktre
e, Ja
net B
urns
Lar
oche
, Har
old
Lint
on, M
ilt a
nd
Bev
Loo
mis
, Pet
er M
arsh
all,
Meg
antic
-Com
pton
Cem
eter
y an
d C
hurc
h A
ssoc
iatio
n (M
CC
CA
), M
issi
squo
i H
isto
rical
Soc
iety
(MH
S), R
usse
ll N
icho
ls, L
eslie
Nut
brow
n, (t
he la
te) P
hil P
oaps
, Pot
ton
Her
itage
Ass
ocia
tion
(PH
A),
Kev
in P
ryce
, Ric
hmon
d C
ount
y H
isto
rical
Soc
iety
(RC
HS)
, Stu
art S
hea,
Sta
nste
ad H
isto
rical
Soc
iety
(S
HS)
, San
dra
Stoc
k, M
arga
ret V
okey
, Ser
ge W
agne
r and
Ela
ine
Wils
on.
-
4
INT
RO
DU
CT
ION
:
In O
ctob
er 2
007,
QA
HN
laun
ched
its C
emet
ery
Her
itage
Inve
ntor
y an
d R
esto
ratio
n In
itiat
ive
(CH
IRI)
. A k
ey c
ompo
nent
of t
his
initi
ativ
e w
as a
n in
vent
ory
of c
emet
erie
s his
toric
ally
con
nect
ed to
Eng
lish-
spea
king
com
mun
ities
in fo
ur re
gion
s of Q
uebe
c an
d de
emed
to b
e a
t ris
k.
Th
e fo
llow
ing
is a
brie
f ove
rvie
w o
f the
met
hodo
logy
use
d in
con
duct
ing
this
inve
ntor
y, th
e pr
oble
ms o
bser
ved
by re
sear
cher
s at t
he
vario
us c
emet
erie
s the
y vi
site
d, a
nd Q
AH
Ns
reco
mm
enda
tions
for s
olvi
ng so
me
of th
ese
prob
lem
s. W
e th
en p
rese
nt a
sum
mar
y of
ou
r fin
ding
s, by
regi
on, f
ollo
wed
by
the
indi
vidu
al e
valu
atio
ns th
emse
lves
. The
se a
re o
rgan
ized
by
regi
on, w
ith e
ach
regi
on o
rder
ed
alph
abet
ical
ly b
y M
RC
and
by
cem
eter
y na
me.
-
5
ME
TH
OD
OL
OG
Y:
SC
OPE
: Th
e re
gion
s tar
gete
d in
this
inve
ntor
y w
ere
Estri
e; M
ont
rgi
e; L
aure
ntid
es; a
nd S
ague
nay-
Lac-
Sain
t-Jea
n. A
dditi
onal
dat
a w
as a
lso
colle
cted
for t
he O
utao
uais
. E
VA
LU
AT
ION
FO
RM
: B
efor
e un
derta
king
this
inve
ntor
y, w
e fir
st h
ad to
dev
elop
a st
anda
rdiz
ed e
valu
atio
n fo
rm. W
e w
ante
d so
met
hing
that
cou
ld b
e ap
plie
d to
cem
eter
ies o
f all
type
s and
size
s, pu
blic
ly o
r priv
atel
y ow
ned,
acr
oss Q
uebe
c. R
esea
rche
rs c
ould
then
use
this
form
as a
tem
plat
e fo
r en
terin
g da
ta a
nd ra
ting
cem
eter
ies a
ccor
ding
to a
com
mon
set o
f var
iabl
es.
We
wan
ted
rese
arch
ers t
o re
cord
as m
uch
info
rmat
ion
as p
ossi
ble
for e
ach
cem
eter
y. T
he e
valu
atio
n fo
rm th
eref
ore
had
to in
clud
e bo
th d
escr
iptiv
e de
tail,
such
as n
ame
and
loca
tion
of th
e ce
met
ery,
nam
e of
the
prop
rieto
r and
/or c
usto
dian
, his
toric
al b
ackg
roun
d,
curr
ent s
tatu
s, da
te o
f firs
t and
last
bur
ial,
and
so o
n; a
nd a
gra
ding
syst
em w
here
by e
very
thin
g fr
om th
e le
gibi
lity
of in
scrip
tions
, to
the
qual
ity o
f gra
vest
one
repa
irs, t
o th
e co
nditi
on o
f fen
ces c
ould
be
reco
rded
. A
key
com
pone
nt o
f the
eva
luat
ion
form
was
the
num
eric
al g
radi
ng sy
stem
, whe
reby
cem
eter
ies c
ould
be
grad
ed o
n a
scal
e of
1 to
10
0 po
ints
. Cem
eter
ies w
ith a
gra
de o
f les
s tha
n 50
poi
nts w
ould
be
cons
ider
ed
at ri
sk.
(See
App
endi
ces 1
& 2
).
CE
ME
TE
RY
RE
SEA
RC
HE
RS:
B
ecau
se th
e ge
ogra
phic
scop
e of
this
stud
y w
as so
bro
ad, w
e ne
eded
to e
nlis
t the
hel
p of
rese
arch
ers i
n th
e di
ffer
ent r
egio
ns.
Res
earc
hers
wou
ld c
ondu
ct fi
eldw
ork
and
repo
rt ba
ck to
CH
IRI p
roje
ct le
ader
Mat
thew
Far
fan.
H
eath
er D
arch
and
Judy
Ant
le (M
issi
squo
i His
toric
al S
ocie
ty) w
ere
recr
uite
d fr
om M
ont
rgi
e; S
andr
a St
ock
(Mor
in H
eigh
ts
His
toric
al A
ssoc
iatio
n) c
ondu
cted
fiel
dwor
k in
the
Laur
entia
ns (w
ith a
dditi
onal
site
s in
the
Out
aoua
is);
and
Lesl
ie N
utbr
own
and
Mat
thew
Far
fan
eval
uate
d ce
met
erie
s in
Estri
e an
d Sa
guen
ay-L
ac-S
aint
-Jea
n. M
any
othe
r ind
ivid
uals
and
org
aniz
atio
ns p
rovi
ded
addi
tiona
l lea
ds, b
ackg
roun
d, g
radi
ng in
form
atio
n an
d di
rect
ions
to
at ri
sk
cem
eter
ies.
The
nam
es o
f res
earc
hers
and
thei
r sou
rces
of
info
rmat
ion
are
incl
uded
with
eac
h co
mpl
eted
cem
eter
y ev
alua
tion
form
.
-
6
FIE
LD
WO
RK
: Fi
eld
rese
arch
took
pla
ce b
etw
een
Oct
ober
200
7 an
d M
arch
200
8, w
ith th
e bu
lk o
f it c
arrie
d ou
t bef
ore
the
early
snow
cur
taile
d ce
met
ery
visi
ts in
Nov
embe
r. R
esea
rche
rs v
isite
d ce
met
erie
s in
thei
r are
as, t
akin
g no
tes a
nd p
hoto
grap
hs a
nd c
olle
ctin
g ba
ckgr
ound
in
form
atio
n w
hene
ver p
ossi
ble.
Whe
n vi
sits
pro
ved
impr
actic
al, f
indi
ngs w
ere
base
d on
relia
ble
first
-han
d in
form
atio
n. A
dditi
onal
re
sear
ch o
n so
me
cem
eter
ies w
as c
ondu
cted
thro
ugho
ut th
e w
inte
r.
Onc
e co
mpl
eted
, cem
eter
y ev
alua
tions
, sup
plem
ente
d in
man
y ca
ses w
ith c
omm
ents
from
the
rese
arch
ers a
nd p
hoto
grap
hs, w
ere
subm
itted
to th
e pr
ojec
t lea
der.
They
wer
e th
en d
oubl
e-ch
ecke
d fo
r acc
urac
y an
d co
nsis
tenc
y (v
is-
-vis
oth
er c
ompl
eted
cem
eter
y ev
alua
tions
), w
ith o
ccas
iona
l min
or a
djus
tmen
ts b
eing
mad
e to
num
eric
al g
rade
s whe
n th
ese
seem
ed e
ither
too
high
or t
wo
low
. In
this
w
ay, c
onsi
sten
cy w
as m
aint
aine
d th
roug
hout
the
proc
ess,
com
pens
atin
g fo
r diff
eren
ces o
f app
roac
h am
ong
rese
arch
ers a
nd fo
r the
su
bjec
tivity
that
inev
itabl
y en
ters
any
per
sona
l eva
luat
ion.
A
WO
RK
IN P
RO
GR
ESS
: Th
e sc
ope
of th
is p
roje
ct h
as b
een
vast
and
the
inve
ntor
y is
not
exh
aust
ive.
For
exa
mpl
e, th
e C
hte
augu
ay V
alle
y an
d su
rrou
ndin
g ar
eas o
f sou
thw
est Q
uebe
c
a re
gion
thou
ght t
o co
ntai
n no
few
er th
an 2
00 c
emet
erie
s h
ave
not y
et b
een
incl
uded
. Sno
w a
lso
put a
n ea
rly h
alt t
o ce
met
ery
visi
ts, s
o so
me
area
s (e.
g., M
issi
squo
i) ha
ve y
et to
be
com
plet
ed. I
n ad
ditio
n, p
eopl
e ar
e st
ill re
porti
ng th
e ex
iste
nce
of b
uria
l gro
unds
that
they
feel
shou
ld b
e in
clud
ed in
our
inve
ntor
y. S
o, th
is in
vent
ory
shou
ld re
ally
be
cons
ider
ed a
wor
k in
pr
ogre
ss.
It sh
ould
als
o be
rem
embe
red
that
con
ditio
ns a
t any
giv
en c
emet
ery
may
impr
ove
(or d
eter
iora
te) a
t a fu
ture
dat
e. T
here
fore
, thi
s in
vent
ory
shou
ld b
e se
en a
s a
snap
shot
at
this
par
ticul
ar p
oint
in ti
me.
-
7
PRO
BL
EM
S O
BSE
RV
ED
BY
FIE
LD
WO
RK
ER
S:
1)
LA
CK
OF
PER
SON
NE
L:
Prob
ably
the
mai
n pr
oble
m fa
cing
the
cem
eter
ies w
e ha
ve c
lass
ified
as b
eing
at r
isk
is a
n ag
ing
popu
latio
n an
d a
dwin
dlin
g po
ol o
f co
mm
itted
, loc
al, a
ble-
bodi
ed v
olun
teer
s. In
som
e ca
ses,
com
mun
ities
that
wer
e on
ce v
ibra
nt a
re d
ying
out
or h
ave
alre
ady
disa
ppea
red,
leav
ing
cem
eter
ies w
ith n
o on
e to
look
afte
r the
m in
the
vici
nity
, and
few
peo
ple
with
fam
ily c
onne
ctio
ns to
peo
ple
burie
d th
ere.
C
emet
erie
s tha
t onc
e ha
d ac
tive
asso
ciat
ions
man
agin
g th
em a
re n
ow b
eing
ove
rsee
n by
a h
andf
ul (a
t bes
t) of
seni
or c
itize
ns. I
n so
me
case
s, su
rviv
ing
trust
ees l
ive
outs
ide
the
area
, ofte
n at
an
extre
me
dist
ance
, lim
iting
thei
r inv
olve
men
t in
the
cem
eter
y to
alm
ost n
il. In
ca
ses w
here
com
mun
ities
hav
e di
ed o
ut, m
eetin
gs a
nd m
aint
enan
ce a
re sp
orad
ic, w
ith c
emet
erie
s fal
ling
into
neg
lect
or a
band
onm
ent.
Thes
e pr
oble
ms a
re a
cute
in th
e La
uren
tians
and
Sag
uena
y-La
c-Sa
int-J
ean,
as w
ell a
s in
parts
of E
strie
and
Mon
tr
gie,
whe
re th
e En
glis
h-sp
eaki
ng p
opul
atio
n is
dim
inis
hing
. 2)
PU
BL
IC IN
DIF
FER
EN
CE
/ L
AC
K O
F R
ESP
EC
T:
A p
robl
em n
oted
by
man
y of
the
peop
le w
e sp
oke
to is
the
shee
r lac
k of
inte
rest
in c
emet
erie
s am
ong
the
gene
ral p
opul
atio
n, a
nd
amon
g th
e yo
unge
r gen
erat
ion
espe
cial
ly. A
t som
e ce
met
erie
s, in
diff
eren
ce h
as m
utat
ed in
to a
mor
e ac
tive
disr
egar
d. In
such
cas
es,
cem
eter
ies a
re n
o lo
nger
seen
as t
he sa
cred
pla
ces t
hey
wer
e m
eant
to b
e; n
or a
s oas
es o
f pea
ce a
nd c
onte
mpl
atio
n; n
or a
s her
itage
si
tes t
o be
pre
serv
ed. T
hey
are
dark
pla
ces a
t the
frin
ges o
f soc
iety
, pla
ces t
o av
oid,
pla
ces t
o va
ndal
ize,
pla
ces t
o fo
rget
Con
tribu
ting
to th
is st
ate
of a
ffai
rs a
re a
num
ber o
f fac
tors
: the
mar
gina
lizat
ion
of re
ligio
n in
soci
ety;
a w
ides
prea
d un
ease
with
the
subj
ect o
f dea
th a
nd th
e rit
uals
ass
ocia
ted
with
it; u
rban
izat
ion
(with
the
resu
lting
dec
line
in th
e ru
ral p
opul
atio
n an
d a
loss
of
conn
ectio
n to
rura
l spa
ces a
mon
g ci
ty d
wel
lers
); an
incr
ease
d m
obili
ty a
mon
g th
e po
pula
tion
(peo
ple
are
muc
h le
ss li
kely
than
bef
ore
to li
ve in
one
pla
ce a
ll th
eir l
ives
); an
d th
e de
votio
n of
ava
ilabl
e fr
ee ti
me
to fa
mily
, pop
ular
ent
erta
inm
ent a
nd o
ther
inte
rest
s (as
op
pose
d to
cha
ritab
le p
ursu
its).
An
aggr
avat
ing
fact
or in
are
as w
here
the
Engl
ish
popu
latio
n ha
s bee
n re
plac
ed b
y a
Fren
ch o
ne is
the
fact
that
peo
ple
are
muc
h le
ss
likel
y to
feel
a c
onne
ctio
n to
a c
emet
ery
to w
hich
they
hav
e no
fam
ilial
or h
isto
ric ti
es.
Add
ed to
all
of th
ese
thin
gs is
the
fact
that
his
tory
and
her
itage
hav
e tra
ditio
nally
app
eale
d to
the
olde
r gen
erat
ion.
And
cem
eter
y m
anag
emen
t def
inite
ly te
nds t
o dr
aw fr
om th
is se
gmen
t of t
he p
opul
atio
n.
-
8
3) O
RG
AN
IZA
TIO
NA
L P
RO
BL
EM
S:
Ano
ther
pro
blem
that
we
have
iden
tifie
d, a
nd o
ne th
at is
con
nect
ed to
the
abov
e-m
entio
ned
issu
es, i
s the
lack
of,
or p
oor,
orga
niza
tion
foun
d in
man
y tra
ditio
nally
Ang
loph
one
cem
eter
ies i
n Q
uebe
c. F
ar to
o m
any
cem
eter
ies h
old
mee
tings
onl
y oc
casi
onal
ly
such
as
whe
n a
maj
or e
xpen
se n
eeds
app
rova
l or w
hen
a bo
ard
mem
ber q
uits
or d
ies.
Bas
ic g
rass
cut
ting
(and
littl
e m
ore)
is th
e pr
iorit
y, a
nd
this
at t
he e
xpen
se o
f gra
vest
one
repa
ir. C
aret
akin
g du
ties a
re c
ontra
cted
out
or p
erfo
rmed
by
volu
ntee
rs, w
ith n
o th
ough
t to
long
-term
pl
anni
ng. T
he re
sult
is th
at m
any
cem
eter
ies s
impl
y m
uddl
e th
roug
h, d
oing
the
min
imum
pos
sibl
e, w
ith li
ttle
or n
o ef
fort
to re
crui
t ne
w m
embe
rs, r
aise
fund
s, or
pla
n fo
r the
futu
re. I
ndee
d, w
e ha
ve e
ven
cem
eter
y as
soci
atio
ns w
ith si
zeab
le e
ndow
men
ts th
at a
re st
ill
relu
ctan
t to
spen
d th
eir m
oney
on
long
ove
rdue
repa
irs. T
he p
urse
strin
gs a
re k
ept t
ight
ly fa
sten
ed, w
hile
all
the
whi
le th
e gr
aves
tone
s ar
e fa
lling
apa
rt --
left
whe
re th
ey fa
ll or
pla
ced
som
ewhe
re a
t the
edg
e of
the
grav
eyar
d fo
r som
eone
els
e to
dea
l with
at s
ome
futu
re
date
whi
ch, o
f cou
rse,
nev
er a
rriv
es.
In so
me
case
s, ce
met
ery
asso
ciat
ions
hav
e be
com
e do
rman
t, ex
istin
g on
ly o
n pa
per.
The
pres
iden
t and
secr
etar
y m
ay c
ontin
ue (i
n na
me)
in th
eir f
unct
ions
for y
ears
at a
tim
e w
ithou
t bei
ng re
plac
ed. L
ittle
if a
ny b
usin
ess i
s con
duct
ed, h
owev
er, a
nd e
vent
ually
the
asso
ciat
ion
laps
es.
Surp
risin
gly,
org
aniz
atio
n is
a p
robl
em e
ven
whe
n a
chur
ch (U
nite
d or
Ang
lican
, for
exa
mpl
e) is
the
owne
r of t
he c
emet
ery.
We
have
fo
und
that
ther
e is
a p
rofo
und
indi
ffer
ence
am
ong
man
y ch
urch
off
icia
ls to
war
ds th
e ce
met
erie
s und
er th
eir c
are,
and
an
unw
illin
gnes
s to
inve
st in
the
upke
ep o
f cem
eter
y pr
oper
ties a
nd g
rave
ston
es. C
hurc
h at
tend
ance
is d
imin
ishi
ng, a
nd w
ith it
, rev
enue
. So,
qui
te
unde
rsta
ndab
ly, c
hurc
h of
ficia
ls a
re re
luct
ant t
o pa
rt w
ith th
e m
eage
r inc
ome
they
hav
e, w
hich
they
feel
wou
ld b
e be
tter s
pent
on
chur
ch (n
ot c
emet
ery)
upk
eep.
Cem
eter
ies a
re a
muc
h lo
wer
prio
rity
than
chu
rch
build
ings
. Th
is la
ck o
f int
eres
t is e
ven
mor
e ac
ute
whe
re c
ongr
egat
ions
(and
chu
rch
build
ings
) hav
e di
sapp
eare
d, le
avin
g on
ly th
e ce
met
ery
as a
re
min
der o
f the
chu
rch
s pre
senc
e in
the
area
. In
som
e ca
ses,
chur
ch o
ffic
ials
hav
e no
kno
wle
dge
of th
e ex
iste
nce
of c
emet
erie
s und
er
thei
r cha
rge.
4)
PR
IVA
TE
OW
NE
RSH
IP:
Man
y ce
met
erie
s, pa
rticu
larly
in th
e ol
der p
arts
of E
strie
and
Mon
tr
gie,
are
situ
ated
on
priv
ate
prop
erty
. Lik
e ot
her t
ypes
of p
rivat
e pr
oper
ty, t
hese
cem
eter
ies
for t
he m
ost p
art f
amily
or n
eigh
bour
hood
bur
ial g
roun
ds th
at n
ever
had
cad
astra
l num
bers
, leg
al
serv
itude
s, or
cem
eter
y as
soci
atio
ns a
ttach
ed to
them
b
elon
g to
thos
e w
ho h
old
title
to th
em.
Priv
ate
owne
rshi
p of
cem
eter
ies r
aise
s a h
ost o
f que
stio
ns. I
s pub
lic a
cces
s ens
hrin
ed in
the
deed
s? Is
it a
t lea
st to
lera
ted
by th
e
-
9
land
owne
rs?
Is a
nyon
e ca
ring
for t
he c
emet
ery?
If so
, how
are
the
grav
esto
nes a
nd g
roun
ds b
eing
mai
ntai
ned?
Is th
ere
a de
sire
on
the
part
of th
e ow
ner t
o m
aint
ain
the
cem
eter
y? Is
the
cem
eter
y se
en b
y th
e ow
ner a
s a h
erita
ge si
te o
r as a
pla
ce w
orth
y of
dig
nity
? If
not
, w
hat r
ecou
rse,
if a
ny, d
o de
scen
dant
s of t
hose
bur
ied
ther
e (o
r the
gen
eral
pub
lic) h
ave?
5)
PO
OR
OR
NO
N-E
XIS
TE
NT
CO
NSE
RV
AT
ION
PR
AC
TIC
ES:
A
n al
mos
t uni
vers
al p
robl
em (w
ith a
han
dful
of e
xcep
tions
) is t
he fa
ct th
at th
ere
is v
ery
little
if
any
c
onse
rvat
ion
bein
g do
ne o
n ol
d gr
aves
tone
s. W
hat c
onse
rvat
ion
is b
eing
car
ried
out i
s usu
ally
of a
n am
ateu
r, sl
ipsh
od n
atur
e. C
omm
only
, cem
ents
or e
poxi
es a
re
appl
ied
badl
y an
d w
ith n
o kn
owle
dge
of th
e lo
ng-te
rm e
ffec
ts su
ch tr
eatm
ents
will
hav
e on
gra
vest
ones
or o
n th
e ae
sthe
tic q
ualit
ies o
f th
e ce
met
ery
as a
who
le.
Ther
e is
a g
ener
al la
ck o
f tec
hnic
al k
now
ledg
e ab
out h
ow to
repa
ir br
oken
gra
vest
ones
so th
at re
pairs
will
last
, so
that
they
will
not
do
mor
e da
mag
e th
an g
ood,
and
so th
at th
ey w
ill b
e ae
sthe
tical
ly p
leas
ing.
Som
e of
the
repa
ir m
etho
ds p
opul
ar a
cen
tury
ago
hav
e pr
oven
qu
ite d
etrim
enta
l to
grav
esto
nes o
ver t
he lo
ng te
rm; t
he sa
me
may
be
true
of m
oder
n m
etho
ds th
at a
re n
ot p
rope
rly a
pplie
d. S
impl
y pu
t, ce
met
ery
care
take
rs a
re a
t a lo
ss a
bout
wha
t to
do, a
nd w
here
to tu
rn fo
r gui
danc
e.
Ano
ther
dis
turb
ing
prac
tice
is th
e co
nsol
idat
ion
of st
ones
into
stra
ight
, eas
y-to
-mow
row
s, or
into
cem
ent c
airn
s. R
emov
al o
f sto
nes
from
thei
r gra
vesi
tes d
estro
ys th
eir h
isto
ric c
onte
xt a
nd d
oes i
rrep
arab
le d
amag
e to
the
herit
age
valu
e of
the
cem
eter
y. W
e ha
ve
obse
rved
this
pra
ctic
e at
a n
umbe
r of c
emet
erie
s in
Estri
e an
d M
ont
rgi
e. N
o do
ubt,
in so
me
inst
ance
s, it
was
don
e as
a la
st re
sort,
as
a m
eans
of s
alva
ging
ston
es th
at h
ad a
lread
y be
com
e se
para
ted
from
thei
r orig
inal
gra
vesi
tes.
But
it h
as a
lso
been
don
e as
a w
ay o
f fa
cilit
atin
g ce
met
ery
mai
nten
ance
. In
gen
eral
, cem
eter
ies a
re se
en m
ore
as si
mpl
y re
posi
torie
s of t
he d
ead
and
not s
o m
uch
(as t
hey
shou
ld b
e) a
s her
itage
site
s wor
thy
of
pres
erva
tion.
So
the
ston
es th
ey c
onta
in a
re n
ot g
iven
the
resp
ect,
and
are
not a
s jea
lous
ly c
onse
rved
as t
hey
wou
ld b
e if
thes
e si
tes
wer
e ap
prec
iate
d m
ore
for t
heir
hist
oric
val
ue.
6) V
AN
DA
LIS
M A
ND
TH
EFT
: V
anda
lism
and
thef
t are
spor
adic
at s
ome
cem
eter
ies;
inex
iste
nt a
t oth
ers.
And
ther
e se
ems t
o be
no
dire
ct c
orre
latio
n be
twee
n a
cem
eter
ys i
sola
tion
(or i
ts p
roxi
mity
to h
uman
act
ivity
) and
the
likel
ihoo
d (o
r not
) of i
t bec
omin
g a
targ
et. A
cem
eter
y m
ay b
e si
tuat
ed in
the
hear
t of a
vill
age
and
surr
ound
ed b
y ho
mes
on
a w
ell-l
it st
reet
. Or i
t may
be
foun
d on
an
isol
ated
bac
k ro
ad, k
ilom
eter
s fr
om a
ny h
ouse
or l
ight
. In
eith
er c
ase,
it m
ay b
e ta
rget
ed. P
arad
oxic
ally
, eac
h of
thes
e ty
pes o
f situ
atio
ns m
ay h
elp
to p
rote
ct it
from
at
tack
.
-
10
Two
obse
rvat
ions
may
be
note
d he
re. F
irst,
vand
alis
m is
con
duct
ed a
t nig
ht a
nd u
sual
ly in
the
dark
er re
cess
es o
f the
cem
eter
y.
Seco
nd, i
t usu
ally
invo
lves
you
ths w
ith to
o m
uch
time
on th
eir h
ands
. Lig
hts a
nd h
ouse
s are
goo
d de
terr
ents
. So
are
polic
e. B
ut o
f co
urse
, if n
o on
e kn
ows a
cem
eter
y is
ther
e, it
like
ly w
ont
be
hit
m
eani
ng th
at p
rivat
ely
owne
d ce
met
erie
s loc
ated
far f
rom
the
road
are
stra
ngel
y th
e m
ost i
mm
une
at
leas
t fro
m v
anda
lism
(if n
ot th
eft o
r enc
roac
hmen
t).
7) T
HE
NA
TU
RA
L E
LE
ME
NT
S:
Cem
eter
ies t
hat h
ave
beco
me
negl
ecte
d fo
r any
per
iod
of ti
me
quic
kly
fall
prey
to th
e na
tura
l ele
men
ts. T
rees
and
veg
etat
ion
tend
to
encr
oach
in ju
st a
few
shor
t yea
rs. L
arge
r tre
es c
an d
o qu
ite a
bit
of d
amag
e if
thei
r roo
ts a
nd tr
unks
are
per
mitt
ed to
gro
w to
o cl
ose
to
grav
esto
nes.
It is
not
unc
omm
on to
see
grav
esto
nes i
n lo
ng u
nten
ded
cem
eter
ies e
mbe
dded
in th
e tru
nks o
f tre
es. F
allin
g br
anch
es c
an
do d
amag
e, a
s wel
l, sh
atte
ring
a gr
aves
tone
in a
n in
stan
t. A
nd g
rave
ston
es th
at a
re a
llow
ed to
fall
over
with
out b
eing
righ
ted
are
cove
red
by g
rass
and
eve
ntua
lly b
y ro
tting
veg
etat
ion.
Ove
r tim
e, th
ese
ston
es b
ecom
e sa
tura
ted
with
moi
stur
e an
d cr
umbl
e.
8) P
OL
LU
TIO
N:
Air
pollu
tion
is m
ost o
ften
a pr
oble
m in
cem
eter
ies s
ituat
ed c
lose
to la
rge
urba
n or
indu
stria
l cen
tres o
r alo
ng m
ajor
hig
hway
s. B
lack
ened
or e
rode
d st
one
is a
sym
ptom
of t
his p
robl
em.
9) E
NC
RO
AC
HM
EN
T /
DE
VE
LO
PME
NT
: En
croa
chm
ent b
y ne
ighb
ourin
g pr
oper
ty o
wne
rs is
a p
robl
em th
at o
ccur
s mos
t ofte
n w
hen
cem
eter
ies a
ppea
r unt
ende
d fo
r any
leng
th
of ti
me,
and
par
ticul
arly
whe
n th
ey a
re u
nfen
ced.
En
croa
chm
ent,
may
not
be
imm
edia
tely
app
aren
t. In
som
e ca
ses,
it oc
curs
in in
crem
ents
; in
othe
rs, a
t a q
uick
er p
ace.
We
have
seen
ex
ampl
es o
f far
mer
s mov
ing
grav
esto
nes s
o th
at th
ey c
ould
incr
ease
thei
r acr
eage
und
er c
ultiv
atio
n. In
at l
east
one
cas
e, a
farm
er
shift
ed in
war
ds a
n en
tire
fenc
e su
rrou
ndin
g a
cem
eter
y in
the
mid
dle
of h
is fi
eld
so th
at th
e ar
ea e
nclo
sed
was
con
side
rabl
y sm
alle
r th
an it
was
at t
he st
art.
Inde
ed, t
here
are
cas
es w
here
ent
ire c
emet
erie
s -- u
sual
ly o
ld fa
mily
bur
ial g
roun
ds --
hav
e di
sapp
eare
d al
toge
ther
, bul
ldoz
ed a
nd fo
rgot
ten
fore
ver.
Th
e pr
oble
m is
not
rest
ricte
d to
gra
veya
rds o
n pr
ivat
e pr
oper
ty. A
cas
e in
poi
nt is
the
encl
aved
Hill
Top
Cem
eter
y in
Fitc
h B
ay, w
hich
da
tes b
ack
to th
e ea
rly 1
800s
. Thi
s cem
eter
y, a
lthou
gh it
has
bee
n co
mpl
etel
y ab
ando
ned
for y
ears
, nev
erth
eles
s has
its o
wn
dist
inct
lo
t. Th
is, h
owev
er, h
as n
ot st
oppe
d ho
meo
wne
rs in
a n
earb
y su
b-de
velo
pmen
t fro
m e
xten
ding
thei
r law
ns in
to th
e gr
ound
s and
-
11
pilfe
ring
slat
e gr
aves
tone
s for
use
as f
ront
step
s or a
s law
n or
nam
ents
. The
thef
t of g
rave
ston
es fo
r use
as p
avin
g st
ones
, ste
ps o
r ga
rden
art
is a
gro
win
g pr
oble
m.
10) M
ON
EY
: M
oney
is a
con
cern
at c
emet
erie
s tha
t hav
e no
t bee
n ab
le to
bui
ld e
ndow
men
ts th
roug
h be
ques
ts o
r don
atio
ns. W
hile
som
e as
soci
atio
ns h
ave
been
fortu
nate
in th
is re
gard
and
are
abl
e to
ope
rate
off
of t
he in
tere
st fr
om th
eir i
nves
tmen
ts, t
his i
s not
the
case
ev
eryw
here
. Man
y ce
met
erie
s, es
peci
ally
smal
l rur
al c
emet
erie
s and
thos
e at
tach
ed to
a c
hurc
h, a
re c
ontin
ually
stra
pped
for c
ash.
Ef
forts
to ra
ise
mon
ey a
re m
inim
al a
nd u
sual
ly c
over
onl
y ba
re m
aint
enan
ce. T
here
isn
t suf
ficie
nt e
xper
tise
or le
ader
ship
to u
nder
take
an
y ki
nd o
f maj
or fi
nanc
ial c
ampa
ign.
And
rare
ly is
a p
rogr
am in
pla
ce to
repa
ir st
ones
a
nd e
xtre
mel
y ra
rely
doe
s it i
nvol
ve p
rope
r re
stor
atio
n. C
emet
erie
s on
priv
ate
land
, of c
ours
e, u
sual
ly h
ave
no fu
ndin
g w
hats
oeve
r, un
less
they
hav
e be
en ta
ken
unde
r the
win
g of
an
org
aniz
atio
n su
ch a
s the
Mis
sisq
uoi H
isto
rical
Soc
iety
or t
he B
arns
ton
Her
itage
Cem
eter
ies A
ssoc
iatio
n.
-
12
RE
CO
MM
EN
DA
TIO
NS:
Ba
sed
on th
e pr
eced
ing,
QA
HN
wou
ld li
ke to
mak
e th
e fo
llow
ing
reco
mm
enda
tions
. 1)
Idea
lly, a
com
plet
e in
vent
ory
of c
emet
erie
s acr
oss Q
uebe
c sh
ould
be
unde
rtake
n, in
clud
ing
not j
ust c
emet
erie
s cur
rent
ly a
t ris
k, b
ut
all c
emet
erie
s. Th
is in
vent
ory
shou
ld in
corp
orat
e a
grad
ing
syst
em, a
long
the
lines
of t
he o
ne d
evel
oped
by
QA
HN
. QA
HN
s o
wn
Inve
ntor
y gi
ves a
n ex
celle
nt in
dica
tion
of th
e sc
ope
of th
e pr
oble
ms f
acin
g ce
met
erie
s in
the
prov
ince
, but
a c
ompl
ete
stud
y is
es
sent
ial.
Bef
ore
any
furth
er st
eps a
re ta
ken
on a
pro
vinc
ial l
evel
, we
mus
t kno
w w
hat w
e ha
ve. A
sim
ilar r
ecom
men
datio
n w
as m
ade
by th
e C
omm
issi
on d
e la
cul
ture
sur l
ave
nir d
u pa
trim
oine
relig
ieux
in 2
006.
2)
The
re n
eeds
to b
e a
conc
erte
d ef
fort
amon
g in
tere
sted
par
ties a
cros
s Que
bec
to e
duca
te th
e ge
nera
l pub
lic (e
spec
ially
the
youn
ger
gene
ratio
n) a
nd c
emet
ery
cust
odia
ns in
par
ticul
ar a
bout
the
plac
e th
at c
emet
erie
s hol
d in
our
soci
ety
no
t mer
ely
as re
posi
torie
s of t
he
dead
, but
as i
mpo
rtant
her
itage
site
s wor
thy
of p
rese
rvat
ion.
Loc
al h
isto
rical
soci
etie
s, he
ritag
e gr
oups
, her
itage
act
ivis
ts, a
nd
com
mun
ity o
rgan
izat
ions
can
all
play
a ro
le in
this
pro
cess
. Pub
licat
ions
, a m
edia
cam
paig
n an
d ed
ucat
iona
l pro
gram
s can
hel
p fo
ster
gr
eate
r aw
aren
ess i
n ou
r soc
iety
of c
emet
erie
s and
the
prob
lem
s the
y fa
ce. M
unic
ipal
and
pro
vinc
ial g
over
nmen
ts sh
ould
pla
y a
lead
ing
role
, sin
ce it
is q
uite
pos
sibl
e th
at m
any
cem
eter
ies w
ill su
rviv
e on
ly th
roug
h le
gisl
ativ
e pr
otec
tion
and
gove
rnm
ent f
undi
ng.
3) T
he G
over
nmen
t of Q
uebe
c sh
ould
set u
p a
fund
for c
emet
ery
rest
orat
ion
and
mai
nten
ance
, pre
fera
bly
one
that
is c
ompl
etel
y in
depe
nden
t of e
xist
ing
fund
ing
prog
ram
s for
chu
rche
s and
oth
er re
ligio
us h
erita
ge si
tes.
The
fund
cou
ld b
e si
mila
r in
natu
re to
the
one
adm
inis
tere
d by
the
Con
seil
du p
atri
moi
ne re
ligie
ux d
u Q
ube
c. H
owev
er, g
iven
the
mag
nitu
de o
f the
pro
blem
, the
num
ber o
f ce
met
erie
s priv
atel
y ow
ned
or o
wne
d by
an
asso
ciat
ion
or c
ompa
ny w
ith n
o re
ligio
us a
ffili
atio
n, a
nd th
e pr
iorit
y th
at h
as tr
aditi
onal
ly
been
pla
ced
on re
ligio
us a
rchi
tect
ure
(as o
ppos
ed to
cem
eter
ies)
, a fu
nd sh
ould
be
devo
ted
stric
tly to
cem
eter
ies -
- and
to c
emet
erie
s of
all t
ypes
. A ra
ting
syst
em c
ould
be
deve
lope
d to
det
erm
ine
the
herit
age
valu
e of
eac
h ce
met
ery.
4)
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Que
bec
shou
ld se
t up
a pr
ogra
m, w
ith a
ppro
pria
te fu
ndin
g, fo
r tra
inin
g sp
ecia
lists
in th
e pr
oper
rest
orat
ion
and
care
of g
rave
ston
es a
nd c
emet
erie
s. Pr
esen
tly th
ere
are
few
peo
ple
wor
king
in th
is fi
eld
in Q
uebe
c. T
his c
ould
be
orga
nize
d th
roug
h th
e C
entre
de
cons
erva
tion
du Q
ube
c, o
r as p
art o
f a u
nive
rsity
deg
ree
or c
egep
pro
gram
. A d
irect
ory
of sp
ecia
lists
cou
ld th
en b
e cr
eate
d so
that
cem
eter
ies i
n ne
ed w
ould
hav
e so
mew
here
to tu
rn fo
r hel
p. A
sim
ilar r
ecom
men
datio
n w
as m
ade
in 2
006
by th
e C
omm
issi
on d
e la
cul
ture
a
t lea
st in
term
s of t
rain
ing
and
tech
nica
l sup
port
for p
ropr
ieto
rs o
f re
ligio
us h
erita
ge.
-
13
5) T
he G
over
nmen
t of Q
uebe
c sh
ould
set u
p a
prog
ram
whe
reby
stud
ents
cou
ld g
et m
eani
ngfu
l sum
mer
wor
k ex
perie
nce
as p
art o
f a
cem
eter
y yo
uth
corp
s. T
he m
anda
te o
f thi
s cor
ps w
ould
be
to h
elp
volu
ntee
r cem
eter
y tru
stee
s or l
ando
wne
rs c
ondu
ct b
asic
cle
an u
p op
erat
ions
(gra
ss c
uttin
g, fe
nce
men
ding
, bru
sh c
uttin
g, e
tc.)
at n
egle
cted
cem
eter
ies.
The
prog
ram
wou
ld in
clud
e tra
inin
g, fo
llow
ed
by h
ands
-on
field
wor
k. It
cou
ld b
e ad
min
iste
red
by E
mpl
oi-Q
uebe
c, p
ossi
bly
as a
pilo
t pro
ject
in th
e Ea
ster
n To
wns
hips
or s
ome
othe
r re
gion
whe
re m
any
cem
eter
ies c
an b
e fo
und
with
in a
smal
l geo
grap
hic
area
. It c
ould
take
pla
ce in
par
tner
ship
with
her
itage
gro
ups
(suc
h as
QA
HN
) and
loca
l cem
eter
y as
soci
atio
ns. T
he p
rogr
am w
ould
not
onl
y he
lp c
emet
ery
asso
ciat
ions
that
are
stru
gglin
g an
d co
ntrib
ute
tow
ards
the
pres
erva
tion
of o
ur h
erita
ge, b
ut it
wou
ld a
lso
help
spre
ad a
war
enes
s am
ong
yout
h ab
out t
he im
porta
nce
of
cem
eter
ies a
s her
itage
site
s. A
n ad
ded
bonu
s wou
ld b
e th
at it
wou
ld fo
ster
team
spiri
t, le
ader
ship
and
org
aniz
atio
nal s
kills
am
ong
parti
cipa
nts,
tool
s tha
t wou
ld se
rve
them
thro
ugho
ut th
eir l
ives
. 6)
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Que
bec
shou
ld a
men
d its
cem
eter
ies l
aws -
- bot
h C
atho
lic a
nd n
on-C
atho
lic --
to re
flect
a g
reat
er re
spec
t for
ce
met
erie
s as s
pirit
ual g
roun
ds a
nd a
s fin
al re
stin
g pl
aces
(in
ever
y se
nse
of th
e w
ord)
for t
hose
inte
rred
ther
e. L
aws n
eed
to p
rote
ct
from
dis
inte
rmen
t or d
esec
ratio
n no
t onl
y th
e bo
dies
ben
eath
the
grou
nd, b
ut a
lso
the
grav
esto
nes t
hat m
ark
thes
e bu
rials
. Cem
eter
ies
as e
nsem
bles
als
o ne
ed to
be
prot
ecte
d. C
atho
lic c
emet
ery
law
nee
ds to
be
re-w
ritte
n so
that
cem
eter
y co
mpa
nies
are
no
long
er fr
ee to
do
as t
hey
plea
se w
ith
aban
done
d p
lots
. Cem
eter
ies s
ituat
ed o
n pr
ivat
e pr
oper
ty n
eed
to b
e pr
otec
ted,
as w
ell.
Perh
aps a
pro
vinc
e-w
ide
mor
ator
ium
on
the
dest
ruct
ion
of c
emet
erie
s and
gra
vest
ones
shou
ld b
e co
nsid
ered
. Law
s, su
ch a
s the
Cem
eter
y C
ompa
nies
Act
, sh
ould
be
clar
ified
, so
that
the
right
s and
resp
onsi
bilit
ies o
f all
conc
erne
d (i.
e., c
aret
aker
s, la
ndow
ners
and
vis
itors
) are
und
erst
ood
by
all a
nd n
o lo
nger
the
subj
ect o
f spe
cula
tion.
Rig
hts o
f acc
ess t
o ce
met
erie
s on
priv
ate
prop
erty
shou
ld b
e en
shrin
ed fo
r car
etak
ers a
nd
visi
tors
alik
e.
7) M
unic
ipal
ities
shou
ld b
e en
cour
aged
to c
ite c
emet
erie
s of l
ocal
his
toric
al si
gnifi
canc
e as
her
itage
site
s. C
itatio
n at
the
mun
icip
al
leve
l off
ers h
erita
ge si
tes b
oth
prot
ectio
n an
d po
tent
ially
fund
ing
at th
e m
unic
ipal
leve
l. It
also
rend
ers t
hem
elig
ible
for f
undi
ng fr
om
the
Fond
s du
patr
imoi
ne c
ultu
rel q
ub
cois
, and
pla
ces t
hem
in th
e R
pert
oire
du
patr
imoi
ne c
ultu
rel d
u Q
ube
c. M
unic
ipal
cita
tion
is a
use
ful t
ool f
or sa
fegu
ardi
ng p
rivat
ely
owne
d bu
rial g
roun
ds fr
om d
estru
ctio
n by
land
owne
rs.
8) G
rave
des
ecra
tion
-- o
f bot
h bo
dies
and
gra
vest
ones
-- sh
ould
be
reco
gniz
ed a
nd p
unis
hed
as a
crim
e in
Can
ada.
The
Crim
inal
Cod
e sh
ould
be
amen
ded
to re
flect
this
. All
too
ofte
n ce
met
ery
vand
alis
m a
nd th
eft a
re tr
eate
d as
pra
nks o
r as m
inor
off
ence
s bar
ely
wor
thy
of p
rose
cutio
n. T
he d
ead
shou
ld b
e ac
cord
ed th
e re
spec
t the
y de
serv
e. A
nd th
eir f
inal
rest
ing
plac
e sh
ould
rem
ain
just
that
-- fi
nal.
-
14
9) L
aws s
houl
d be
ena
cted
forb
iddi
ng th
e re
-sal
e of
old
gra
vest
ones
. Suc
h le
gisl
atio
n ha
s alre
ady
been
pas
sed
in so
me
juris
dict
ions
in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es (M
assa
chus
etts
, for
exa
mpl
e), a
nd se
rves
as a
det
erre
nt to
gra
vest
ones
thef
t. 10
) Cus
todi
ans o
f est
ablis
hed
cem
eter
ies s
houl
d be
enc
oura
ged
to ta
ke o
n th
e m
anag
emen
t of n
earb
y or
phan
ed c
emet
erie
s, to
at l
east
en
sure
a b
asic
leve
l of u
pkee
p, p
rope
r sig
nage
, and
so o
n. A
ssoc
iate
d le
gal a
nd a
dmin
istra
tive
cost
s cou
ld b
e fu
nded
thro
ugh
the
new
pr
ovin
cial
cem
eter
y fu
nd.
11) C
emet
ery
cust
odia
ns sh
ould
be
enco
urag
ed to
reac
h ou
t to
a br
oade
r seg
men
t of t
he p
opul
atio
n. T
hey
need
to e
xpan
d th
eir
dem
ogra
phic
bas
e. F
or e
xam
ple,
trad
ition
ally
Eng
lish
cem
eter
y as
soci
atio
ns sh
ould
invo
lve
Fren
ch-s
peak
ing
volu
ntee
rs in
tere
sted
in
herit
age;
they
shou
ld e
ndea
vor t
o m
ake
the
cem
eter
y a
hist
oric
site
for t
he a
rea,
not
just
for l
ocal
Eng
lish
spea
kers
. 12
) Cem
eter
y cu
stod
ians
nee
d to
thin
k cr
eativ
ely
in te
rms o
f fun
drai
sing
. Fun
drai
sing
and
oth
er c
emet
ery
activ
ities
nee
d to
be
kept
in
the
publ
ic e
ye th
roug
h co
nsta
nt m
edia
pub
licity
. The
cem
eter
y sh
ould
be
turn
ed in
to a
ca
use
a
nd e
ffor
ts sh
ould
be
aim
ed n
ot ju
st
at a
cer
tain
segm
ent o
f the
pop
ulat
ion
but a
t eve
ryon
e. C
emet
erie
s can
als
o be
mar
kete
d as
loca
l tou
rist a
ttrac
tions
, with
gui
ded
tour
s of
fere
d fo
r a fe
e. A
tour
of l
ocal
cem
eter
ies c
an e
ven
be p
ublis
hed,
the
prof
its fr
om sa
les g
oing
tow
ards
upk
eep.
13
) Her
itage
tour
ism
, an
ever
-gro
win
g se
ctor
of t
he o
vera
ll to
uris
m in
dust
ry in
Que
bec,
shou
ld b
ette
r ref
lect
the
impo
rtanc
e of
ce
met
erie
s as h
erita
ge si
tes.
Cem
eter
ies c
an b
e fa
scin
atin
g pl
aces
to v
isit,
tran
quil
encl
aves
with
in to
wns
and
vill
ages
, off
erin
g re
spite
fr
om th
e no
ise
and
traff
ic o
f the
wor
ld a
roun
d th
em, o
r ple
asan
t sto
ps a
long
qui
et c
ount
ry ro
ads.
They
can
be
inco
rpor
ated
into
tour
s of
regi
onal
her
itage
site
s or t
hey
can
be th
e at
tract
ions
them
selv
es. I
n ei
ther
cas
e, c
emet
erie
s and
the
hist
ory
they
con
tain
repr
esen
t po
tent
ially
impo
rtant
ass
ets i
n th
e he
ritag
e to
uris
m se
ctor
.
-
15
FIN
DIN
GS:
SU
MM
AR
Y:
Res
earc
hers
hav
e ex
amin
ed 3
11 c
emet
erie
s to
date
-- a
con
side
rabl
e sa
mpl
e by
any
def
initi
on. O
ut o
f tha
t num
ber,
we
have
cla
ssifi
ed
130,
or 4
1.8
%, a
s bei
ng a
t ris
k. M
any
of th
ese
may
be
cons
ider
ed se
vere
ly a
t ris
k. A
furth
er 2
7 ce
met
erie
s, or
8.7
%, h
ave
disa
ppea
red
alto
geth
er. W
hen
com
bine
d, th
ese
figur
es to
tal o
ver h
alf o
f all
the
cem
eter
ies c
onsi
dere
d fo
r thi
s stu
dy. T
his i
s ala
rmin
g,
to sa
y th
e le
ast.
And
thes
e nu
mbe
rs w
ill a
lmos
t cer
tain
ly ri
se if
the
trend
s we
have
obs
erve
d co
ntin
ue.
FIN
DIN
GS
(BY
AD
MIN
IST
RA
TIV
E R
EG
ION
):
Est
rie
Eval
uate
d: 1
91
At r
isk:
77
Extin
ct: 2
6 At
Ris
k:
0-10
Poi
nts
11-2
0 Po
ints
21
-30
Poin
ts
31-4
0 Po
ints
41
-49
Poin
ts
Inco
mpl
ete
Dat
a
Ext
inct
T
otal
at R
isk
/ Ext
inct
10
10
7 17
13
20
26
10
3
-
16
Mon
tr
gie
Eval
uate
d: 8
1
At r
isk:
32
Extin
ct: 1
At
Ris
k:
0-10
Poi
nts
11-2
0 Po
ints
21
-30
Poin
ts
31-4
0 Po
ints
41
-49
Poin
ts
Inco
mpl
ete
Dat
a E
xtin
ct
Tot
al a
t Ris
k / E
xtin
ct
2 3
4 8
6 9
1 33
Lau
rent
ides
Ev
alua
ted:
33
At r
isk:
16
At R
isk:
0-
10 P
oint
s 11
-20
Poin
ts
21-3
0 Po
ints
31
-40
Poin
ts
41-4
9 Po
ints
In
com
plet
e D
ata
Ext
inct
T
otal
at R
isk
/ Ext
inct
1 1
3 4
7 0
0 16
-
17
Sagu
enay
-Lac
-Sai
nt-J
ean
Eval
uate
d: 4
A
t ris
k: 4
At
Ris
k:
0-10
Poi
nts
11-2
0 Po
ints
21
-30
Poin
ts
31-4
0 Po
ints
41
-49
Poin
ts
Inco
mpl
ete
Dat
a E
xtin
ct
Tot
al a
t Ris
k / E
xtin
ct
0 0
0 1
1 2
0 4
Out
aoua
is
Eval
uate
d: 2
A
t ris
k: 1
At
Ris
k:
0-10
Poi
nts
11-2
0 Po
ints
21
-30
Poin
ts
31-4
0 Po
ints
41
-49
Poin
ts
Inco
mpl
ete
Dat
a E
xtin
ct
Tot
al a
t Ris
k / E
xtin
ct
0 0
0 1
0 0
0 1
TO
TA
LS:
Ev
alua
ted:
311
A
t ris
k: 1
30
Extin
ct: 2
7
-
18
CE
ME
TE
RIE
S A
T R
ISK
: EV
AL
UA
TIO
N F
OR
MS:
-
19
EST
RIE
M
RC
Asb
esto
s C
oatic
ook
Le G
rani
t Le
Hau
t-Sai
nt-F
ran
ois
Le V
al S
aint
-Fra
noi
s M
emph
rm
agog
Ex
tinct
Cem
eter
ies,
Estri
e
-
20
CE
ME
TE
RIE
S A
T R
ISK
: Na
me
of C
emet
ery:
Tho
mps
on
Mun
icip
ality
: Ham
-Sud
M
RC
: Asb
esto
s A
dmin
istr
ativ
e R
egio
n: E
strie
R
ecor
d C
reat
ed b
y: M
atth
ew F
arfa
n (S
ourc
es: W
ells
Coa
tes &
Kei
th B
enne
tt; M
egan
tic C
ompt
on C
emet
ery
and
Chu
rch
Ass
ocia
tion)
A
ddre
ss /
Dir
ectio
ns
Bri
ef h
isto
ry o
f Est
ablis
hing
C
omm
unity
, Rel
igio
us
Con
greg
atio
n or
Fam
ily
Leg
al
Ow
ner
Cus
todi
an
Gov
erna
nce
Stru
ctur
e C
onta
ct In
fo
(Con
tact
per
son(
s),
mai
ling
addr
ess,
tele
phon
e nu
mbe
r,
emai
l)
Dat
e of
E
arlie
st
Bur
ial
Dat
e of
M
ost
Rec
ent
Bur
ial
Cem
eter
y St
atus
(A
ctiv
e /
Inac
tive)
Cem
eter
y Si
ze
(squ
are
met
res)
Num
ber
of
Bur
ials
5 km
S. o
f Ham
-Sud
on
W
side
of r
d., a
shor
t dis
tanc
e al
ong
disa
ffec
ted
rd. T
he
extin
ct c
omm
unity
of E
rle is
a
little
to th
e so
uth
of h
ere.
Erle
was
onc
e a
thriv
ing
com
mun
ity w
ith a
scho
ol,
chur
ch a
nd a
num
ber o
f hom
es.
Toda
y th
ere
are
alm
ost n
o tra
ces l
eft.
This
gra
veya
rd m
ust
have
serv
ed a
s a
neig
hbou
rhoo
d bu
rial s
ite.
La
kesi
de
Cem
eter
y,
Dud
swel
l
1858
19
13
Inac
tive
App
rox.
20
X 3
0 m
etre
s
38+
-
21
CE
ME
TE
RIE
S A
T R
ISK
: Na
me
of C
emet
ery:
Tho
mps
on
Mun
icip
ality
: Ham
-Sud
M
RC
: Asb
esto
s A
dmin
istr
ativ
e R
egio
n: E
strie
R
ecor
d C
reat
ed b
y: M
atth
ew F
arfa
n (S
ourc
es: W
ells
Coa
tes &
Kei
th B
enne
tt; M
egan
tic C
ompt
on C
emet
ery
and
Chu
rch
Ass
ocia
tion)
Con
ditio
n of
Gro
unds
(25
Pts)
C
ondi
tion
of G
rave
ston
es (2
5 Pt
s)
Gen
eral
app
eara
nce
(0
-5 P
ts)
Gat
es /
Fenc
es
(0-5
Pts
) L
awns
, shr
ubs,
tree
s, su
ppor
t bui
ldin
gs
(0-5
Pts
)
Acc
ess
(0-5
Pts
) Si
gn
(0-5
Pts
) O
vera
ll co
nditi
on
(0-5
Pts
) L
egib
ility
of
insc
ript
ions
(0
-10
Pts)
Eff
ecte
d re
pair
s hav
e em
ploy
ed
prop
er c
onse
rvat
ion
tech
niqu
es
(0-1
0 Pt
s)
2 3
1 1 (a
djac
ent t
o an
ab
ando
ned
dirt
road
)
2 1
2 0
-
22
C
EM
ET
ER
IES
AT
RIS
K:
Nam
e of
Cem
eter
y: T
hom
pson
M
unic
ipal
ity: H
am-S
ud
MR
C: A
sbes
tos
Adm
inis
trat
ive
Reg
ion:
Est
rie
Rec
ord
Cre
ated
by:
Mat
thew
Far
fan
(Sou
rces
: Wel
ls C
oate
s & K
eith
Ben
nett;
Meg
antic
Com
pton
Cem
eter
y an
d C
hurc
h A
ssoc
iatio
n)
Man
agem
ent (
20 P
ts)
Rec
ords
(1
0 Pt
s)
Oth
er T
hrea
ts
(20
Pts)
T
otal
Poi
nts
Com
men
ts /
Rec
omm
enda
tions
Inco
rpor
ated
ass
ocia
tion,
co
mm
ittee
or
oth
er c
usto
dian
(h
isto
rica
l soc
iety
, m
unic
ipal
ity,
chur
ch, f
amily
, etc
.) (0
-5 P
ts)
Lev
el o
f in
volv
emen
t (n
umbe
r an
d ag
e of
vol
unte
ers,
exis
tenc
e of
pai
d st
aff,
etc.
) (0
-5 P
ts)
End
owm
ent;
ot
her
long
-ter
m
fund
ing
stra
tegi
es(0
-10
Pts)
Cem
eter
y m
ap; a
ccur
acy
and
com
plet
enes
s of
docu
men
tatio
n of
bur
ials
(0-1
0 Pt
s)
Low
-ris
k fr
om
vand
alis
m, t
heft
, en
croa
chm
ent b
y ne
arby
pro
pert
ies,
envi
ronm
enta
l da
mag
e, o
r ot
her
exte
rnal
thre
ats
(20
Pts)
Add
up
all t
he
poin
ts to
get
a
tota
l out
of 1
00
#C97
on
the
Meg
antic
Com
pton
Cem
eter
y an
d C
hurc
h A
ssoc
iatio
n m
ap. L
akes
ide
Cem
eter
y in
Dud
swel
l doe
s min
imal
mai
nten
ance
on
this
or
phan
cem
eter
y. T
his i
nclu
des o
ccas
iona
l m
owin
g an
d br
ush
cutti
ng. T
he fe
nce
is in
go
od re
pair.
Mos
t of t
he st
ones
, how
ever
, ar
e br
oken
and
the
piec
es h
ave
been
gro
uped
in
the
cent
re u
nder
a e
ngra
ved
woo
den
mem
oria
l w
ith th
e na
mes
of t
hose
bur
ied
(and
M
aybe
O
ther
). O
nly
3 or
4 o
f the
larg
er st
ones
are
in
thei
r orig
inal
loca
tions
. Ver
y is
olat
ed.
2 1
0 0
4 19
-
23
CE
ME
TE
RIE
S A
T R
ISK
: Na
me
of C
emet
ery:
Bal
dwin
-Whe
eler
M
unic
ipal
ity: C
oatic
ook
MR
C: C
oatic
ook
Adm
inis
trat
ive
Reg
ion:
Est
rie
Rec
ord
Cre
ated
by:
Les
lie N
utbr
own
Add
ress
/ D
irec
tions
Bri
ef h
isto
ry o
f Est
ablis
hing
C
omm
unity
, Rel
igio
us
Con
greg
atio
n or
Fam
ily
Leg
al
Ow
ner
Cus
todi
an
Gov
erna
nce
Stru
ctur
e C
onta
ct In
fo
(Con
tact
per
son(
s),
mai
ling
addr
ess,
tele
phon
e nu
mbe
r,
emai
l)
Dat
e of
E
arlie
st
Bur
ial
Dat
e of
M
ost
Rec
ent
Bur
ial
Cem
eter
y St
atus
(A
ctiv
e /
Inac
tive)
Cem
eter
y Si
ze
(squ
are
met
res)
Num
ber
of
Bur
ials
From
Bar
nsto
n go
tow
ard
Bal
dwin
s M
ills o
n th
e B
aldw
in-B
arns
ton
Rd.
The
ce
met
ery
is o
n th
e rig
ht a
t th
e ju
nctio
n of
Bal
dwin
-B
arns
ton
and
Trem
blay
Rds
.
Fam
ily.
B
arns
ton
Her
itage
C
emet
ery
Ass
ocia
tion
Inco
rpor
ated
as
soci
atio
n B
arns
ton
Her
itage
C
emet
ery
Ass
ocia
tion
(Jim
Bel
knap
)
1814
19
33
Inac
tive
App
rox.
48
m
23+
-
24
CE
ME
TE
RIE
S A
T R
ISK
: N
ame
of C
emet
ery:
Bal
dwin
-Whe
eler
M
unic
ipal
ity: C
oatic
ook
MR
C: C
oatic
ook
Adm
inis
trat
ive
Reg
ion:
Est
rie
Rec
ord
Cre
ated
by:
Les
lie N
utbr
own
Con
ditio
n of
Gro
unds
(25
Pts)
C
ondi
tion
of G
rave
ston
es (2
5 Pt
s)
Gen
eral
app
eara
nce
(0
-5 P
ts)
Gat
es /
Fenc
es
(0-5
Pts
) L
awns
, shr
ubs,
tree
s, su
ppor
t bui
ldin
gs
(0-5
Pts
)
Acc
ess
(0-5
Pts
) Si
gn
(0-5
Pts
) O
vera
ll co
nditi
on
(0-5
Pts
) L
egib
ility
of
insc
ript
ions
(0
-10
Pts)
Eff
ecte
d re
pair
s hav
e em
ploy
ed
prop
er c
onse
rvat
ion
tech
niqu
es
(0-1
0 Pt
s)
3 3
0 0
3.5
3 3
0
-
25
CE
ME
TE
RIE
S A
T R
ISK
: N
ame
of C
emet
ery:
Bal
dwin
-Whe
eler
M
unic
ipal
ity: C
oatic
ook
MR
C: C
oatic
ook
Adm
inis
trat
ive
Reg
ion:
Est
rie
Rec
ord
Cre
ated
by:
Les
lie N
utbr
own
Man
agem
ent (
20 P
ts)
Rec
ords
(1
0 Pt
s)
Oth
er T
hrea
ts
(20
Pts)
T
otal
Poi
nts
Com
men
ts /
Rec
omm
enda
tions
Inco
rpor
ated
ass
ocia
tion,
co
mm
ittee
or
oth
er c
usto
dian
(h
isto
rica
l soc
iety
, m
unic
ipal
ity,
chur
ch, f
amily
, etc
.) (0
-5 P
ts)
Lev
el o
f in
volv
emen
t (n
umbe
r an
d ag
e of
vol
unte
ers,
exis
tenc
e of
pai
d st
aff,
etc.
) (0
-5 P
ts)
End
owm
ent;
ot
her
long
-ter
m
fund
ing
stra
tegi
