Inventory Management System at V-Guard Industries Ltd., Vennala

8/15/2019 Inventory Management System at V-Guard Industries Ltd., Vennala

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Shfhmnrn Loiigmg o` Bhahmgbgat hae Hppinge \lngalgs

NAEW\USNHI [SOFGLU SG[OSU

’H \tuey o` Navgatory Bhahmgbgat \ystgb ht P"Muhre

Naeustrngs Ite!) Pgaahih‒

\ucbnttge cy

SOJNUJ UJHB[N

Sgm Ao6 3850

Waegr tjg Munehalg o`

Bs! HAW C MGOSMG

Na phrtnhi `ui`niibgat o` tjg rgqunrgbgats `or tjg hwhre o` tjg

Egmrgg o` Chljgior o` Cusnagss Hebnanstrhtnoa

Bhjhtbh Mhaejn Wanvgrsnty) Dotthyhb

Shfhmnrn Loiigmg o` Bhahmgbgat & Hppinge \lngalgs

Shfhmnrn Phiigy) Dhddhahe) Loljna “ 0:3;

3;;> " 3;83


2/69


UHCIG O@ LOAUGAU\

Ljhptgr/[hrt

AoLoatgats

[hmg Ao!

Untig phmg

Lgrtn`nlhtg

Eglihrhtnoa

Lobpigtnoa Igttgr ̀ rob Ormhanzhtnoa

Hldaowigemgbgat

Inst o` Uhcigs

Inst o` @nmurgs

Gxglutnvg \ubbhry

[hrt NOrmhanzhtnoahi \tuey

Naeustrnhi [ro`nig

Ormhanzhtnoahi [ro`nig

[hrt NNSgsghrlj [rofglt

Ljhptgr " 8Natroeultnoa Hae Ujgorgtnlhi @rhbgword

Ljhptgr " 3Sgsghrlj Bgtjoeoiomy

Ljhptgr " <Ehth Hahiysns Hae Natgrprgthtnoa

Ljhptgr " 5@naenams Hae Loaliusnoa

Hppgaenx

" \ourlg O` \gloaehry Ehth

Cncinomrhpjy


3/69


IN\U O@ UHCIG\

Uhcig

AoLoatgats

[hmg

Ao!

Uhcig Ao

\ystgb

Uhcig Ao

Bhahmgbgat \ystgb

Uhcig Ao

\jownam wjgtjgr or aot gbpioyggs hmrgg to

rgqunrnam Navgatory Bhahmgbgat \ystgb na

tjg ormhanzhtnoa!

Uhcig Ao

Bhahmgbgat \ystgb

Uhcig Ao

\jownam wjgtjgr gbpioyggs hmrgg tjht

Navgatory Bhahmgbgat \ystgb jhs `ui`niige nts

agge

Uhcig Ao

Bhahmgbgat \ystgb

Uhcig Ao

pro`gssnoahis ns rgqunrge

Uhcig Ao

rgqunrge to bhahmg your lobphay

Uhcig Ao

\jownam tjg pgrlgptnoa o` gbpioyggs oa

wjgtjgr borg gbpjhsns ns mnvga to so`twhrg

tjha sdniige bha powgr wntj rgmhre to

Navgatory Bhahmgbgat

Uhcig Ao

\jownam pgrlgptnoa o` gbpioyggs oa wjgtjgr

so`twhrg usge na tjg lobphay ns hllorenam to

egsnma hae agge o` tjg systgb

Uhcig Ao

na rgmhre to navgatory bhahmgbgat


4/69


IN\U O@ ENHMSHB

Enhmrhb

AoLoatgats

[hmg

Ao!

Mrhpj

\jownam hwhrgagss o` Navgatory Bhahmgbgat

\ystgb

Mrhpj

\jownam hwhrgagss o` prgsgalg o` Navgatory

Bhahmgbgat \ystgb

Mrhpj

\jownam wjgtjgr or aot gbpioyggs hmrgg to

rgqunrnam Navgatory Bhahmgbgat \ystgb na tjg

ormhanzhtnoa!

Mrhpj

\jownam rghsoas òr prgsgalg o` Navgatory

Bhahmgbgat \ystgb

Mrhpj

\jownam wjgtjgr gbpioyggs hmrgg tjht

Navgatory Bhahmgbgat \ystgb jhs ùi`niige nts

agge

Mrhpj

\jownam cgag`nts o` monam òr ha Navgatory

Bhahmgbgat \ystgb

Mrhpj

\jownam wjgtjgr rgspoaegat ̀ ggi tjht sdniige

pro`gssnoahis ns rgqunrge

Mrhpj

\jownam wjht lhtgmory o` pro`gssnoas hrg

rgqunrge to bhahmg your lobphay

Mrhpj

\jownam tjg pgrlgptnoa o` gbpioyggs oa

wjgtjgr borg gbpjhsns ns mnvga to so`twhrg

tjha sdniige bha powgr wntj rgmhre to

Navgatory Bhahmgbgat

Mrhpj

\jownam pgrlgptnoa o` gbpioyggs oa wjgtjgr

so`twhrg usge na tjg lobphay ns hllorenam to

egsnma hae agge o` tjg systgb

Mrhpj

\jownam tjg prnbg ljhiigamg tjg lobphay ̀ hlg

na rgmhre to navgatory bhahmgbgat


5/69


NAEW\USNHI [SO@NIG

Bhau`hlturnam naeustry rg`grs to tjosg naeustrngs wjnlj navoivg na tjg bhau`hlturnam

hae prolgssnam o` ntgbs hae naeuimg na gntjgr lrghtnoa o` agw lobboentngs or na vhiug

heentnoa! Ujg bhau`hlturnam naeustry hllouats òr h snman`nlhat sjhrg o` tjg naeustrnhi

sgltor na egvgiopge louatrngs! Ujg `nahi proeults lha gntjgr sgrvgs hs h `nansjge mooe

òr shig to lustobgrs or hs natgrbgenhtg mooes usge na tjg proeultnoa prolgss!

Bhau`hlturnam thdgs turas uaegr hii typgs o` gloaobnl systgbs! Na h `rgg bhrdgt

gloaoby) bhau`hlturnam ns usuhiiy enrgltge towhre tjg bhss proeultnoa o` proeults

òr shig to loasubgrs ht h pro`nt! Na h loiigltnvnst gloaoby) bhau`hlturnam ns borg

`rgqugatiy enrgltge cy tjg sthtg to suppiy h lgatrhiiy pihaage gloaoby! Na `rgg bhrdgt

gloaobngs) bhau`hlturnam ollurs uaegr sobg egmrgg o` movgrabgat rgmuihtnoa!

Gvoiutnoa o` tjg Bhau`hlturnam Naeustry

Bhau`hlturnam naeustrngs lhbg nato cgnam wntj tjg ollurrgalg o` tgljaoiomnlhi hae

solno"gloaobnl trhasòrbhtnoas na tjg ]gstgra louatrngs na tjg 8:tj"8>tj lgatury!

Ujns whs wnegiy daowa hs naeustrnhi rgvoiutnoa! Nt cgmha na Crnthna hae rgpihlge tjg

ihcour natgasnvg tgxtnig proeultnoa wntj bgljhanzhtnoa hae usg o` ùgis!

]ordnam o` Bhau`hlturnam Naeustry

Bhau`hlturnam naeustrngs hrg tjg ljng` wghitj proeulnam sgltors o` ha gloaoby! Ujgsg

naeustrngs usg vhrnous tgljaoiomngs hae bgtjoes wnegiy daowa hs bhau`hlturnam

prolgss bhahmgbgat! Bhau`hlturnam naeustrngs hrg croheiy lhtgmornzge nato

gamnaggrnam naeustrngs) loastrultnoa naeustrngs) gigltroanls naeustrngs) ljgbnlhi

naeustrngs) gagrmy naeustrngs) tgxtnig naeustrngs) òoe hae cgvgrhmg naeustrngs)

bgthiwordnam naeustrngs) pihstnl naeustrngs) trhasport hae tgiglobbuanlhtnoa

naeustrngs!

Bhau`hlturnam naeustrngs hrg nbporthat òr ha gloaoby hs tjgy gbpioy h jumg sjhrg

o` tjg ihcour òrlg hae proeulg bhtgrnhis rgqunrge cy sgltors o` strhtgmnl nbporthalg

sulj hs ahtnoahi na`rhstrulturg hae eg`galg! Jowgvgr) aot hii bhau`hlturnam naeustrngs

hrg cgag`nlnhi to tjg ahtnoa hs sobg o` tjgb mgagrhtg agmhtnvg gxtgrahintngs wntj jumg

solnhi losts! Ujg lost o` igttnam sulj naeustrngs ìournsj bhy gvga gxlgge tjg cgag`nts

mgagrhtge cy tjgb!


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]orie Bhau`hlturnam Naeustry

Ownam to tjg gbgrmnam tgljaoiomngs woriewneg) tjg worie bhau`hlturnam naeustry jhs

mghrge up hae jhs nalorporhtge sgvgrhi agw tgljaoiomngs wntjna nts purvngw!

Gloaobnsts loasnegr tjg ]orie bhau`hlturnam naeustry hs h sgltor wjnlj mgagrhtgs h

iot o` wghitj! Mgagrhtnam gbpioybgat) natroeulnam ihtgst tgljanqugs) rghi ghranams

`rob sjnpbgats gtl!) jhvg put tjg worie bhau`hlturnam naeustry na h `hvourhcig

posntnoa!

]ntj tjg nbpigbgathtnoa o` tjg loalgpt o` glo `rngaeiy gavnroabgat) worie

bhau`hlturnam naeustry jhs thdga sgvgrhi bghsurgs to gasurg tjht tjg bhau`hlturnam

naeustrngs woriewneg hcneg cy tjg glo `rngaeiy aorbs! ]orie bhau`hlturnam naeustry

hiso pihys ha nbporthat roig na tjg eg`galg o` h louatry! Cy bhau`hlturnam hnrlrh`ts

wjnlj pihy h vnthi roig na tjg louatry-s eg`galg) tjg hgrosphlg bhau`hlturnam naeustry

hlts hs h sjngie! Otjgr naeustrngs na tjg bhau`hlturnam sgltor bhau`hlturg proeults

wjnlj hrg naenspgashcig na our ehniy invgs! ]ntj rgmhre to tjg ME[ or mross eobgstnl

proeult) worie bhau`hlturnam naeustry loatrncutgs to tjg miochi gloaoby hs wgii hs

tjg miochi ME[!

Bhau`hlturnam Naeustry na Naenh

Ujg bhau`hlturnam naeustry na Naenh jhs hii tjg quhintngs wjnlj gajhalg gloaobnl

egvgiopbgat) nalrghsg tjg proeultnvnty o` tjg bhau`hlturnam naeustry hae `hlg

lobpgtntnoa `rob tjg miochi bhrdgts! Ujg Bhau`hlturnam naeustry na Naenh ns cgingvge

to jhvg tjg potgatnhi o` nbprovnam tjg gloaobnl loaentnoa o` Naenh

\tuengs loaeultge oa tjg bhau`hlturnam naeustry jhvg loaliuege tjht Naenh jhs h

wordnam popuihtnoa o` =7'! Out o` tjns) oaiy 0;; bniinoa jhvg hlqunrge geulhtnoa tnii

bneeig sljooi! Eug to tjns rghsoa) tjg bhau`hlturnam naeustry na Naenh) wjnlj ns

ihcour natgasnvg) lha provneg tjg rgqunsntg aubcgr o` gbpioybgat uants na tjg

louatry! \tuengs jhvg naenlhtge tjht tjg proeultnvnty o` tjg bhau`hlturnam naeustry na

Naenh ns hpproxnbhtgiy 8/7tj o` tjg proeultnvnty na tjg bhau`hlturnam naeustry o`

Wantge \thtgs o` Hbgrnlh!


7/69


LOB[HA^ [SO@NIG

P"Muhre Naeustrngs IUE sthrtge na 8>== wntj two gbpioyggs hae h curanam phssnoa ns

aow h òrlg to rgldoa wntj na tjg Naenha gigltrnl hae gigltroanl mooes phaorhbh!

Ujgnr uatnrnam lobbntbgat òr pgròrbhalg) luttnam gemg tgljaoiomy) naaovhtnvg

egsnma hae egpgaehcig sgrvnlg sthaehres jhvg ighe to uarnvhiige proeult quhinty hae h

trustge crhae nbhmg!

Ht P"Muhre tjg prnalnpigs tjht botnvhtge our sullgss rgbhna ualjhamge6 Ujg phssnoa

o` our ghriy yghrs hae our qugst òr gxlgiigalg! Ujroumj strnamgat quhinty bghsurgs)

rginhcig proeults) thigatge pgopig hae h rgspoasncig hpprohlj to cusnagss hae miochi

lntnzgasjnp tjgy loatnaug to stgheniy lhpturg tjg jghrts o` tjg pgopig!

Na 8>==) Doljousgpj Ljnttnihppniiy cgmha h sbhii bhau`hlturnam uant òr voithmg

sthcninzgrs wntj h vnsnoa hae h lhpnthi o` Ss 8) ;;);;; corrowge `rob jns `htjgr! Jg

sooa gsthcinsjge P"Muhre Naeustrngs hs h jousgjoie ahbg! P"Muhre cglhbg tjg

syaoayb òr voithmg sthcninzgrs hlross \outj Naenh! Ujg lobphay sooa gxtgaege tjgnr

rhamg o` proeults to naliueg [ubps & Botors) Gigltrnl ]htgr Jghtgrs) \oihr ]htgr

Jghtgrs) Lhcigs) W[\„s) hae Lgninam @has!

Aow wntj h proeultnoa o` ovgr 8) 37);;; \thcninzgrs hae prolgssnam 7;; toas o`

loppgr gvgry boatj) P"MWHSE„s wnaanam gemg ns na nts tgljaoiomnlhi gxlgiigalg)

hutobhtnoa hae lobputgrnzhtnoa tjht provnegs tjg nbpgtus òr h turaovgr rhlnam tjg

phst k=;;; bniinoa bhrd!

Ht P"MWHSE) sullgss ns bghsurge aot na tgrbs o` `nahalnhi loasnegrhtnoas) cut na

tgrbs o` lustobgr shtns`hltnoa hae quhinty tjht ns cunit nato gvgry proeult! Ujg vhiug

o` lobbntbgat to quhinty ns hiso ljgrnsjge cy borg tjha 87;; sth`` bgbcgrs hae ovgr 5;;; wordgrs gamhmge na tjg proeultnoa prolgss gntjgr enrgltiy or naenrgltiy! Nt ns

loaslnousiy upjgie cy h agtword o` ovgr >7;; rgthni eghigrs hae 3;;

enstrncutors/sgrvnlg lgatrgs sprghe hii ovgr Naenh) wntj probpt) g``nlngat hae lourtgous

h`tgr"shig sgrvnlg) tjht ns tjg òuaehtnoa òr P"MWHSE„s gxlgiigat lustobgr rgihtnoas!

Na `hlt) bniinoas o` shtns`nge lustobgrs jhvg pihyge h pnvothi roig na probotnam P"

MWHSE„s nbhmg!

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8/69


P"Muhre loatnaugs to rgbhna ht tjg jgib tjroumj rnmorous rgsghrlj hae egvgiopbgat!

S&E ihcs ht Loljna hae Lonbchtorg gxpiorg hae rgnavgat gxnstnam proeults hae

egsnma! S&E `or gigltroanl proeults hae gigltrnl mgysgrs hrg lhrrnge out na Loljna

wjnig gigltro"bgljhanlhi proeults) gigltrnlhi wnrgs hae soihr whtgr jghtgrs hrg tjg

stroam ponat o` tjg Lonbchtorg S&E ihc! \thtg o` tjg hrt proeultnoa lgatrgs gasurg

loasnstgaly hae quhinty tjroumjout tjg proeult rhamg!

P"Muhre Naeustrngs Inbntge ns h Dgrhih chsge lobphay) bhau`hlturnam hae bhrdgtnam

o` gigltrnlhi hae gigltroanl proeults! Nt whs nalorporhtge na @gcruhry 8>>0! Ujg

lobphay whs loavgrtge nato h prnvhtg inbntge lobphay na 87 Aovgbcgr) 3;;8 hae

sucsgqugatiy mot loavgrtge nato h pucinl inbntge lobphay oa Humust 8) 3;;= hae

rglgnvge h `rgsj lgrtn`nlhtg o` nalorporhtnoa na tjg ahbg o` ’P"Muhre Naeustrngs

Inbntge‒ uaegr tjg lobphangs Hlt) 8>70) wntj tjg rgmnstrhtnoa A;! ;>"8;;8; o` 8>>0

jhvnam nts rgmnstgrge o``nlg ht


9/69


lgrtn`nlhtnoa òr gavnroabgat `rngaeinagss hae loasgrvhtnoa o` ahturhi rgsourlgs! Ujg

lobphay woa tjg Dgrhih \thtg Uournsb Hwhre òr tjg yghr 3;;8";3 òr cgnam tjg

bost glo"`rngaeiy tournsb profglt tjroumj nts mroup lobphay Pggmh Ihae! Hs h

sullgssùi rgsuit tjg P"Muhre Mroup jhs sgt up tjgnr sgloae hae Naenh„s cnmmgst

hbusgbgat phrd ]oaegr Ih na Chamhiorg! P"\thr Lrghtnoas o` P"Muhre bhau`hlturgs

egsnmagr na mhrbgat hae inamgrng!

Doljousgpj Ljnttnihppniiy) tjg bha cgjnae P"Muhre jhs hiso hutjorge h cood

‚[rhltnlhi ]nseob!!! na rghi in`g & bhahmgbgat„! Nt ns h lobpnihtnoa o` 73

gainmjtganam hrtnligs jg wrotg na tjg na"jousg bhmhznag o` P"MWHSE! Ujns cood ns

ha hllouat o` snbpig ygt g``gltnvg whys o` prhltnlhi cusnagss bhahmgbgat na cusnagss

hs wgii hs rghi in`g) `rob jns pgrsoahi gxpgrngalgs) lntge tjroumj vhrnous nalnegats! Nt

gxpihnas whys to trnubpj ovgr hevgrsg lnrlubsthalgs hae htthna sullgss na tjns jnmjiy

lobpgtntnvg worie) na h snbpig ihamuhmg) òr tjg ghsy lobprgjgasnoa o` hii! Ujg

prolgges `rob tjg shig o` tjns cood hrg utninzge oaiy òr ljhrnty! [rhltnlhi ]nseob NN

ns rghey hae wnii rghlj tjg sjgi` sooa! Jg jhs hiso hutjornzge h cood na Bhihyhihb)

’Orbhdninvhtjni‒) wjnlj whs rgighsge rglgatiy na Dgrhih) cy EL coods!


10/69


Pnsnoa

’IGU W\ GAEGHPOWS UO BHDG

P"MWHSE

H USW\UGE JOW\GJOIE AHBG‒

Bnssnoa

Uo o``gr h rhamg o` proeults ht h`òrehcig prnlgs) wjnlj hee to lobòrt o` in`g

tjroumj shvnam na bhauhi ihcour) tnbg hae gagrmy or òr gatgrthnabgat!

Uo bhdg our proeults bggt natgrahtnoahi quhinty sthaehres hae provneg troucig

`rgg pgròrbhalg!

Uo heopt egsnmas) wjnlj support tnbgiy hae g``nlngat post shig sgrvnlg!

Uo loatnauousiy naaovhtg hae hee vhiug to our proeults) n` aggege wntj

tgljanlhi loiihcorhtnoa!

Uo loatnauousiy hssgss hae nbprovg lustobgr lhrg!


11/69


[SOEWLU [SO@NIG

Ujg lobphay bhau`hlturgs hae sgiis h rhamg o` gigltrnlhi hppinhalgs! Ujg bhfor

proeult o` tjg lobphay hrg voithmg sthcninzgrs) wnrnam lhcigs) soihr whtgr jghtgrs)

gigltrnl pubps) gigltrnl botors) gigltrnl `has hae W[\s!

Poithmg sthcninzgrs ]nrnam lhcigs

Gigltrnl botors \oihr whtgr jghtgrs

Gigltrnl `has W[\

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_regulatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cableshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninterruptible_power_supplyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_regulatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cableshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cableshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_regulatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninterruptible_power_supplyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cableshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_regulator


12/69


HCOWU PHAAHIIH WANU

Ujg rgmnstgrge o``nlg o` P"Muhre Naeustrngs jhs cgga sjn`tge to Pgaahih two yghrs

chld! Ujgrg hrg hrouae 57; gbpioyggs) wjnlj loasnst o` 3;"37 top igvgi bhahmgrs!

Ujg whrgjousg o` P"Muhre ns sntuhtge fust cgsneg tjns loopgrhtg o``nlg!

Ujg Cohre o` Enrgltors hrg6

[!M!S! [rhshe) Ljhnrbha

Doljousgpj Ljnttnihpniiy) Bhahmnam Enrgltor

Er! Mgormg \iggch) Fonat Bhahmnam Enrgltor

Bntjua Ljnttnihpniiy) Gxglutnvg Enrgltor

L!F!Mgormg) Enrgltor

H!D!Ahnr) Enrgltor


13/69


BHFOS GPGAU\ HAE BNIG\UOAG\ OA OWS FOWSAG^

8>== Br! Doljousgpj Ljnttnihppniiy sgts up [rgbngr Gigltroanls wntj ha

navgstbgat o` Ss! oag ihdj hae wntj fust two gbpioyggs! Uwo

Sg`rnmgrhtor \thcninzgrs wgrg bhau`hlturge ghlj ehy!

8>:; Ihualjge HL \thcninzgrs!

8>:3 \thrtge haotjgr uant lhiige #Wanvgrshi Gigltroanls#!

8>:< \thrtge #\uprgbg Gigltroanls#!

8>:0 \thrtge #[robpt Naenh#! Gxphaege opgrhtnoas outsneg Dgrhih cy

opganam o` Uhbni Aheu crhalj) òiiowge cy h crhalj na Dhrahthdh!

[robpt Naenh sthrtge bhrdgtnam \thcninzgrs na tjg crhae ahbg o` P"

Muhre!

8>:= Ihualjge \grvo"Loatroiige \thcninzgrs!

8>:> -[robpt Naenh- loavgrtge nato -P"Muhre- Naeustrngs!

8>>3 Ihualjge P"Muhre [ubps hae sthrtge agw crhalj o``nlg na Haejrh

[rhegsj!

8>>0 P"Muhre Naeustrngs cglhbg h [ucinl Inbntge Lobphay! Ihualjge

P"Muhre ]htgr Jghtgrs hae ]nrnam Lhcigs!

8>>= Ihualjge Hquhtroa) ha Gigltroanl ]htgr Igvgi Loatroiigr òr ovgrjghe whtgr thads!

8>>: Ihualjge W[\ *Oainag & O`ìnag.!

8>>> Ihualjge Enmnthi \thcninzgr) Envgrsn`nge nato Gigltrnl Lhcig cusnagss

wntj P"Muhre Lhcig bhau`hlturnam uant ht Lonbchtorg!

3;;; Uuraovgr lrossgs NAS 8;;; Bniinoa Bhrd!

3;;8 Ihualjge Lobprgssor [ubps! Lobphay ns loavgrtge nato [rnvhtg

Inbntge òr cgttgr bhaguvgrhcninty!

3;;3 Ihualjge P"Muhre \oihr ]htgr Jghtgrs!

3;;< \oihr ]htgr Jghtgr bhau`hlturnam uant hae Gigltro Bgljhanlhi

]ords òr bhau`hlturnam pubps na Lonbchtorg cglobgs

opgrhtnoahi! Crhalj O``nlg sthrtge na Egijn!

3;;7 Ihualjge \oihr ]htgr Jghtgrs wntj Gvhluhtge Mihss Uucg Loiigltor

Ugljaoiomy!


14/69


3;;0 Ihualjge P"Muhre @has! Crhalj o``nlg ht Cjuchagswhr) [uag hae

Jucin!

3;;= Agw Crhalj o``nlgs ht Pnfhyhwheh) Cjophi) Dhih Hbc) Pheoehrh)

Dhapur) Ahmpur) Shnpur) Fhbsjgepur) Doidhth) Iuejnhah hae

Fhnpur! Uuraovgr lrossge NAS 35; Bniinoa Bhrd! P"Muhre

Naeustrngs cglhbg h [ucinl Inbntge Lobphay!

3;;: Instge na C\G & A\G! Ihualjge Navgrtgrs & IU Lhcigs! Agw

@hltorngs ht Lonbchtorg & Dhsjnpur gsthcinsjge!

3;;> Agw IU Lhcig @hltorngs ht Dhsjnpur hae Lonbchtorg cglhbg

opgrhtnoahi!

3;;> Opgage Bhau`hlturnam `hlninty `or ]htgr Jghtgrs hae @ha ht Dhih

Hbc) Jnbhljhi [rhegsj!

3;8; Uuraovgr lrossgs 50;; bniinoa bhrds!

3;8; Agw crhalj o``nlg na Bheurhn!

3;88 Uuraovgr lrossgs =30

3;88 Agw crhalj o``nlgs na Mjhznhche) Egjrheua) [htah hae Ljhaenmhrj


15/69


\USWLUWSG O@ UJG LOB[HA^

P"Muhre Naeustrngs ite! Hlt upoa tjg ruigs hae rgmuihtnoas o` tjg lobphangs hlt) 8>5:!

Ujg lobphay jhs wgii eg`nage strulturg! Nt jhs tjg `oiiownam egphrtbgats!

JS / [grsoahi egphrtbgat

Hllouats egphrtbgat

[urljhsg egphrtbgat

\torg egphrtbgat

Xuhinty hssurhalg & quhinty loatroi

NU egphrtbgat

S&E egphrtbgat \higs hae gxlnsg egphrtbgat


16/69


]JHU N\ \W[[I^ LJHNA EG[HSUBGAU?

\uppiy ljhna bhahmgbgat *\LB. ns tjg prolgss o` pihaanam) nbpigbgatnam) hae

loatroiinam tjg opgrhtnoas o` tjg suppiy ljhna hs g``nlngatiy hs possncig! \uppiy Ljhna

Bhahmgbgat sphas hii bovgbgat hae storhmg o` rhw bhtgrnhis) word"na"prolgss

navgatory) hae `nansjge mooes `rob ponat"o`"ornmna to ponat"o`"loasubptnoa!

Ujg eg`nantnoa oag Hbgrnlha pro`gssnoahi hssolnhtnoa put òrwhre ns tjht \uppiy

Ljhna Bhahmgbgat galobphssgs tjg pihaanam hae bhahmgbgat o` hii hltnvntngs

navoivge na sourlnam) prolurgbgat) loavgrsnoa) hae iomnstnls bhahmgbgat hltnvntngs!

Nbporthatiy) nt hiso naliuegs loorenahtnoa hae loiihcorhtnoa wntj ljhaagi phrtagrs)

wjnlj lha cg suppingrs) natgrbgenhrngs) tjnre"phrty sgrvnlg provnegrs) hae lustobgrs!

Na gssgalg) \uppiy Ljhna Bhahmgbgat natgmrhtgs suppiy hae egbhae bhahmgbgat

wntjna hae hlross lobphangs! Borg rglgatiy) tjg ioosgiy loupige) sgi`"ormhanznam

agtword o` cusnagssgs tjht loopgrhtgs to provneg proeult hae sgrvnlg o``grnams jhs

cgga lhiige tjg gxtgaege gatgrprnsg!

Ormhanzhtnoas nalrghsnamiy `nae tjht tjgy bust rgiy oa g``gltnvg suppiy ljhnas) or

agtwords) to sullgssùiiy lobpgtg na tjg miochi bhrdgt hae agtwordge gloaoby! Na

[gtgr Eruldgr-s bhahmgbgat-s agw phrhenmbs) tjns loalgpt o` cusnagss rgihtnoasjnps

gxtgaes cgyoae trhentnoahi gatgrprnsg couaehrngs hae sggds to ormhanzg gatnrg cusnagss

prolgssgs tjroumjout h vhiug ljhna o` buitnpig lobphangs!

Eurnam tjg phst eglhegs) miochinzhtnoa) outsourlnam hae naòrbhtnoa tgljaoiomy jhvg

gahcige bhay ormhanzhtnoas) sulj hs Egii hae Jgwigtt [hldhre) to sullgssùiiy

opgrhtg soine loiihcorhtnvg suppiy agtwords na wjnlj ghlj spglnhinzge cusnagss

phrtagr òlusgs oa oaiy h `gw dgy strhtgmnl hltnvntngs! Ujns natgr"ormhanzhtnoahi suppiy

agtword lha cg hldaowigemge hs h agw òrb o` ormhanzhtnoa! Jowgvgr) wntj tjglobpinlhtge natgrhltnoas hboam tjg pihygrs) tjg agtword strulturg `nts agntjgr

#bhrdgt# aor #jngrhrljy# lhtgmorngs! Nt ns aot lighr wjht dnae o` pgròrbhalg nbphlts

tjht en``grgat suppiy agtword strulturgs louie jhvg oa `nrbs) hae inttig ns daowa hcout

tjg loorenahtnoa loaentnoas hae trheg"o``s tjht bhy gxnst hboam tjg pihygrs! @rob h

systgb-s ponat o` vngw) h lobpigx agtword strulturg lha cg eglobposge nato

naenvneuhi lobpoagat `nrbs! Urhentnoahiiy) lobphangs na h suppiy agtword

loalgatrhtg oa tjg naputs hae outputs o` tjg prolgssgs) wntj inttig loalgra òr tjg


17/69


natgrahi bhahmgbgat wordnam o` otjgr naenvneuhi pihygrs! Ujgrgòrg) tjg ljonlg o` ha

natgrahi bhahmgbgat loatroi strulturg ns daowa to nbphlt iolhi `nrb pgròrbhalg!

Na tjg 38st lgatury) tjgrg jhvg cgga h `gw ljhamgs na cusnagss gavnroabgat tjht jhvg

loatrncutge to tjg egvgiopbgat o` suppiy ljhna agtwords! @nrst) hs ha outlobg o`

miochinzhtnoa hae tjg proin`grhtnoa o` buitn"ahtnoahi lobphangs) fonat vgaturgs)

strhtgmnl hiinhalgs hae cusnagss phrtagrsjnps) tjgrg wgrg òuae to cg snman`nlhat

sullgss `hltors) òiiownam tjg ghringr #Fust"Na"Unbg#) #Igha Bhahmgbgat# hae #Hmnig

Bhau`hlturnam# prhltnlgs! \gloae) tgljaoiomnlhi ljhamgs) phrtnluihriy tjg erhbhtnl

`hii na naòrbhtnoa lobbuanlhtnoa losts) wjnlj hrg h phrhbouat lobpoagat o`

trhashltnoa losts) jhvg ige to ljhamgs na loorenahtnoa hboam tjg bgbcgrs o` tjg

suppiy ljhna agtword!

Bhay rgsghrljgrs jhvg rglomanzge tjgsg dnaes o` suppiy agtword strulturgs hs h agw

ormhanzhtnoa òrb) usnam tgrbs sulj hs #Dgnrgtsu#) #Gxtgaege Gatgrprnsg#) #Pnrtuhi

Lorporhtnoa#) Miochi [roeultnoa Agtword#) hae #Agxt Mgagrhtnoa Bhau`hlturnam

\ystgb#! Na mgagrhi) sulj h strulturg lha cg eg`nage hs #h mroup o` sgbn"naegpgaegat

ormhanzhtnoas) ghlj wntj tjgnr lhphcnintngs) wjnlj loiihcorhtg na gvgr"ljhamnam

loastgiihtnoas to sgrvg oag or borg bhrdgts na oregr to hljngvg sobg cusnagss mohi

spgln`nl to tjht loiihcorhtnoa#!

\ullgssùi \LB rgqunrgs h ljhamg `rob bhahmnam naenvneuhi ùaltnoas to natgmrhtnam

hltnvntngs nato dgy suppiy ljhna prolgssgs! Ha gxhbpig slgahrno6 tjg purljhsnam

egphrtbgat pihlgs oregrs hs rgqunrgbgats cglobg hpproprnhtg! Bhrdgtnam) rgspoaenam

to lustobgr egbhae) lobbuanlhtgs wntj sgvgrhi enstrncutors hae rgthnigrs) hae

httgbpts to shtns`y tjns egbhae! \jhrge naòrbhtnoa cgtwgga suppiy ljhna phrtagrs

lha oaiy cg ùiiy igvgrhmge tjroumj prolgss natgmrhtnoa!

\uppiy ljhna cusnagss prolgss natgmrhtnoa navoivgs loiihcorhtnvg word cgtwgga

cuygrs hae suppingrs) fonat proeult egvgiopbgat) lobboa systgbs hae sjhrge

naòrbhtnoa!

Hllorenam to Ihbcgrt hae Loopgr opgrhtnam ha natgmrhtge suppiy ljhna rgqunrgs

loatnauous naòrbhtnoa ìows) wjnlj na tura hssnst to hljngvg tjg cgst proeult ìows!

Jowgvgr) na bhay lobphangs) bhahmgbgat jhs rghljge tjg loaliusnoa tjht


18/69


optnbnznam tjg proeult ìows lhaaot cg hllobpinsjge wntjout nbpigbgatnam h prolgss

hpprohlj to tjg cusnagss! Ujg dgy suppiy ljhna prolgssgs sthtge cy Ihbcgrt hrg6

Lustobgr rgihtnoasjnp bhahmgbgat

Lustobgr sgrvnlg bhahmgbgat

Egbhae bhahmgbgat

Oregr ùi`nibgat

Bhau`hlturnam ìow bhahmgbgat

\uppingr rgihtnoasjnp bhahmgbgat

[roeult egvgiopbgat hae lobbgrlnhinzhtnoa

Sgturas bhahmgbgat

Oag louie summgst otjgr dgy lrntnlhi suppiy cusnagss prolgssgs lobcnanam tjgsg

prolgssgs sthtge cy Ihbcgrt sulj hs6

h. Lustobgr sgrvnlg bhahmgbgat prolgss

Lustobgr Sgihtnoasjnp Bhahmgbgat loalgras tjg rgihtnoasjnp cgtwgga tjg

ormhanzhtnoa hae nts lustobgrs! Lustobgr sgrvnlg provnegs tjg sourlg o` lustobgr

naòrbhtnoa! Nt hiso provnegs tjg lustobgr wntj rghi"tnbg naòrbhtnoa oa probnsnam

ehtgs hae proeult hvhnihcninty tjroumj natgr`hlgs wntj tjg lobphay-s proeultnoa hae

enstrncutnoa opgrhtnoas!

\ullgssùi ormhanzhtnoas usg òiiownam stgps to cunie lustobgr rgihtnoasjnps6

egtgrbnag butuhiiy shtns`ynam mohis cgtwgga ormhanzhtnoa hae lustobgrs

gsthcinsj hae bhnathna lustobgr rhpport

proeulg posntnvg `gginams na tjg ormhanzhtnoa hae tjg lustobgrs

c. [rolurgbgat prolgss

\trhtgmnl pihas hrg egvgiopge wntj suppingrs to support tjg bhau`hlturnam ìow

bhahmgbgat prolgss hae egvgiopbgat o` agw proeults! Na `nrbs wjgrg opgrhtnoas

gxtgae miochiiy) sourlnam sjouie cg bhahmge oa h miochi chsns! Ujg egsnrge outlobg

ns h wna"wna rgihtnoasjnp) wjgrg cotj phrtngs cgag`nt) hae rgeultnoa tnbgs na tjg egsnma

lylig hae proeult egvgiopbgat hrg hljngvge! Hiso) tjg purljhsnam ùaltnoa egvgiops

rhpne lobbuanlhtnoa systgbs) sulj hs Gigltroanl Ehth Natgrljhamg *GEN. hae Natgragt


19/69


inadhmgs to trhas`gr possncig rgqunrgbgats borg rhpneiy! Hltnvntngs rgihtge to octhnanam

proeults hae bhtgrnhis `rob outsneg suppingrs rgqunrgs pgròrbnam rgsourlg pihaanam)

suppiy sourlnam) agmotnhtnoa) oregr pihlgbgat) nacouae trhasporthtnoa) storhmg)

jhaeinam hae quhinty hssurhalg) bhay o` wjnlj naliueg tjg rgspoasncninty to

loorenahtg wntj suppingrs na sljgeuinam) suppiy loatnaunty) jgemnam) hae rgsghrlj nato

agw sourlgs or promrhbs!

l. [roeult egvgiopbgat hae lobbgrlnhinzhtnoa

Jgrg) lustobgrs hae suppingrs bust cg uantge nato tjg proeult egvgiopbgat prolgss)

tjus to rgeulg tnbg to bhrdgt! Hs proeult in`g lyligs sjortga) tjg hpproprnhtg proeults

bust cg egvgiopge hae sullgssùiiy ihualjge na gvgr sjortgr tnbg"sljgeuigs to rgbhna

lobpgtntnvg! Hllorenam to Ihbcgrt hae Loopgr) bhahmgrs o` tjg proeult egvgiopbgat

hae lobbgrlnhinzhtnoa prolgss bust6

8! Loorenahtg wntj lustobgr rgihtnoasjnp bhahmgbgat to negatn`y lustobgr

hrtnluihtge agges4

3! \giglt bhtgrnhis hae suppingrs na loafualtnoa wntj prolurgbgat) hae

natgmrhtg nato tjg cgst suppiy ljhna ìow òr tjg proeult/bhrdgt lobcnahtnoa!

e. Bhau`hlturnam ìow bhahmgbgat prolgss

Ujg bhau`hlturnam prolgss ns proeulge hae suppings proeults to tjg enstrncutnoa

ljhaagis chsge oa phst òrglhsts! Bhau`hlturnam prolgssgs bust cg ìgxncig to rgspoae

to bhrdgt ljhamgs) hae bust hllobboehtg bhss lustobnzhtnoa! Oregrs hrg prolgssgs

opgrhtnam oa h fust"na"tnbg *FNU. chsns na bnanbub iot snzgs! Hiso) ljhamgs na tjg

bhau`hlturnam ìow prolgss ighe to sjortgr lylig tnbgs) bghanam nbprovge

rgspoasnvgagss hae g``nlngaly o` egbhae to lustobgrs! Hltnvntngs rgihtge to pihaanam)

sljgeuinam hae supportnam bhau`hlturnam opgrhtnoas) sulj hs word"na"prolgss storhmg)

jhaeinam) trhasporthtnoa) hae tnbg pjhsnam o` lobpoagats) navgatory ht bhau`hlturnam

sntgs hae bhxnbub ìgxncninty na tjg loorenahtnoa o` mgomrhpjnl hae `nahi hssgbcings

postpoagbgat o` pjysnlhi enstrncutnoa opgrhtnoas!


20/69


g. [jysnlhi enstrncutnoa

Ujns loalgras bovgbgat o` h `nansjge proeult/sgrvnlg to lustobgrs! Na pjysnlhi

enstrncutnoa) tjg lustobgr ns tjg `nahi egstnahtnoa o` h bhrdgtnam ljhaagi) hae tjg

hvhnihcninty o` tjg proeult/sgrvnlg ns h vnthi phrt o` ghlj ljhaagi phrtnlnphat-s

bhrdgtnam g`òrt! Nt ns hiso tjroumj tjg pjysnlhi enstrncutnoa prolgss tjht tjg tnbg hae

sphlg o` lustobgr sgrvnlg cglobg ha natgmrhi phrt o` bhrdgtnam) tjus nt inads h

bhrdgtnam ljhaagi wntj nts lustobgrs!

`. Outsourlnam/phrtagrsjnps

Ujns ns aot fust outsourlnam tjg prolurgbgat o` bhtgrnhis hae lobpoagats) cut hiso

outsourlnam o` sgrvnlgs tjht trhentnoahiiy jhvg cgga provnege na"jousg! Ujg iomnl o`

tjns trgae ns tjht tjg lobphay wnii nalrghsnamiy òlus oa tjosg hltnvntngs na tjg vhiug

ljhna wjgrg nt jhs h enstnaltnvg hevhathmg hae gvgrytjnam gisg nt wnii outsourlg! Ujns

bovgbgat jhs cgga phrtnluihriy gvnegat na iomnstnls wjgrg tjg provnsnoa o` trhasport)

whrgjousnam hae navgatory loatroi ns nalrghsnamiy sucloatrhltge to spglnhinsts or

iomnstnls phrtagrs! Hiso) to bhahmg hae loatroi tjns agtword o` phrtagrs hae suppingrs

rgqunrgs h cigae o` cotj lgatrhi hae iolhi navoivgbgat! Jgalg) strhtgmnl eglnsnoas

agge to cg thdga lgatrhiiy wntj tjg boantornam hae loatroi o` suppingr pgròrbhalghae ehy"to"ehy inhnsoa wntj iomnstnls phrtagrs cgnam cgst bhahmge ht h iolhi igvgi!

m. [gròrbhalg bghsurgbgat

Gxpgrts òuae h stroam rgihtnoasjnp `rob tjg ihrmgst hrls o` suppingr hae lustobgr

natgmrhtnoa to bhrdgt sjhrg hae pro`nthcninty! Cy thdnam hevhathmg o` suppingr

lhphcnintngs hae gbpjhsnznam h ioam"tgrb suppiy ljhna pgrspgltnvg na lustobgr

rgihtnoasjnps lha cg cotj lorrgihtge wntj `nrb pgròrbhalg! Hs iomnstnls lobpgtgaly

cglobgs h borg lrntnlhi `hltor na lrghtnam hae bhnathnanam lobpgtntnvg hevhathmg)

iomnstnls bghsurgbgat cglobgs nalrghsnamiy nbporthat cglhusg tjg en``grgalg

cgtwgga pro`nthcig hae uapro`nthcig opgrhtnoas cglobgs ahrrowgr! H!U! Dghragy

Loasuithats aotge tjht `nrbs gamhmnam na lobprgjgasnvg pgròrbhalg bghsurgbgat

rghinzge nbprovgbgats na ovgrhii proeultnvnty! Hllorenam to gxpgrts natgrahi bghsurgs

hrg mgagrhiiy loiigltge hae hahiyzge cy tjg `nrb naliuenam


21/69


8! Lost

3! Lustobgr \grvnlg

5! Hssgt bghsurgbgat) hae

7! Xuhinty!

Gxtgrahi pgròrbhalg bghsurgbgat ns gxhbnage tjroumj lustobgr pgrlgptnoa

bghsurgs hae #cgst prhltnlg# cgaljbhrdnam) hae naliuegs

8! Lustobgr pgrlgptnoa bghsurgbgat) hae

3! Cgst prhltnlg cgaljbhrdnam!

\uppiy Ljhna Bhahmgbgat [rocigbs

\uppiy ljhna bhahmgbgat bust heergss tjg òiiownam procigbs6

Enstrncutnoa Agtword Loa`nmurhtnoa6 Aubcgr) iolhtnoa hae agtword bnssnoas o`

suppingrs) proeultnoa `hlnintngs) enstrncutnoa lgatrgs) whrgjousgs) lross"eolds

hae lustobgrs!

Enstrncutnoa \trhtgmy6 Naliuenam qugstnoas o` opgrhtnam loatroi *lgatrhinzge)

eglgatrhinzge or sjhrge.) eginvgry sljgbg *g!m!) enrglt sjnpbgat) pooi ponatsjnppnam) Lross eoldnam) E\E *enrglt storg eginvgry.) liosge ioop sjnppnam.)

boeg o` trhasporthtnoa *g!m!) botor lhrrngr) naliuenam truldiohe) rhnirohe) olgha

`rgnmjt) hnr`rgnmjt.4 rgpigansjbgat strhtgmy *g!m!) puii) pusj or jycrne.4 hae

trhasporthtnoa loatroi *g!m!) owagr opgrhtge) prnvhtg lhrrngr) lobboa lhrrngr)

loatrhlt lhrrngr!

Naòrbhtnoa6 Natgmrhtnoa o` hae prolgssgs tjroumj tjg suppiy ljhna to sjhrg

vhiuhcig naòrbhtnoa) naliuenam egbhae snmahis) òrglhsts) navgatory hae

trhasporthtnoa gtl!

Navgatory Bhahmgbgat6 Xuhatnty hae iolhtnoa o` navgatory naliuenam rhw

bhtgrnhis) word"na"prolgss hae `nansjge mooes!

Lhsj"@iow6 Hrrhamnam tjg phybgat tgrbs hae tjg bgtjoeoiomngs òr

gxljhamnam ùaes hlross gatntngs wntjna tjg suppiy ljhna!

\uppiy ljhna gxglutnoa ns bhahmnam hae loorenahtnam tjg bovgbgat o` bhtgrnhis)

naòrbhtnoa hae ùaes hlross tjg suppiy ljhna! Ujg ìow ns cn"enrgltnoahi!


22/69


HLUNPNUNG\

\uppiy ljhna bhahmgbgat ns h lross"ùaltnoahi hpprohlj to bhahmnam tjg bovgbgat

o` rhw bhtgrnhis nato ha ormhanzhtnoa) lgrthna hspglts o` tjg natgrahi prolgssnam o`

bhtgrnhis nato `nansjge mooes) hae tjga tjg bovgbgat o` `nansjge mooes out o` tjg

ormhanzhtnoa towhre tjg gae"loasubgr! Hs ormhanzhtnoas strnvg to òlus oa lorg

lobpgtgalngs hae cglobnam borg ìgxncig) tjgy jhvg rgeulge tjgnr owagrsjnp o` rhw

bhtgrnhis sourlgs hae enstrncutnoa ljhaagis! Ujgsg ùaltnoas hrg nalrghsnamiy cgnam

outsourlge to otjgr gatntngs tjht lha pgròrb tjg hltnvntngs cgttgr or borg lost

g``gltnvgiy! Ujg g``glt ns to nalrghsg tjg aubcgr o` ormhanzhtnoas navoivge na

shtns`ynam lustobgr egbhae) wjnig rgeulnam bhahmgbgat loatroi o` ehniy iomnstnls

opgrhtnoas! Igss loatroi hae borg suppiy ljhna phrtagrs ige to tjg lrghtnoa o` suppiy

ljhna bhahmgbgat loalgpts! Ujg purposg o` suppiy ljhna bhahmgbgat ns to nbprovg

trust hae loiihcorhtnoa hboam suppiy ljhna phrtagrs) tjus nbprovnam navgatory

vnsncninty hae nbprovnam navgatory vgiolnty!

\gvgrhi boegis jhvg cgga proposge òr uaegrsthaenam tjg hltnvntngs rgqunrge to

bhahmg bhtgrnhi bovgbgats hlross ormhanzhtnoahi hae ùaltnoahi couaehrngs! \LOS

ns h suppiy ljhna bhahmgbgat boegi probotge cy tjg \uppiy Ljhna Bhahmgbgat

Loualni! Haotjgr boegi ns tjg \LB Boegi proposge cy tjg Miochi \uppiy Ljhna

@orub *M\L@.! \uppiy ljhna hltnvntngs lha cg mroupge nato strhtgmnl) thltnlhi) hae

opgrhtnoahi igvgis o` hltnvntngs!

\trhtgmnl

\trhtgmnl agtword optnbnzhtnoa) naliuenam tjg aubcgr) iolhtnoa) hae snzg o`

whrgjousgs) enstrncutnoa lgatrgs hae `hlnintngs!

\trhtgmnl phrtagrsjnp wntj suppingrs) enstrncutors) hae lustobgrs) lrghtnamlobbuanlhtnoa ljhaagis òr lrntnlhi naòrbhtnoa hae opgrhtnoahi nbprovgbgats

sulj hs lross eoldnam) enrglt sjnppnam) hae tjnre"phrty iomnstnls!

[roeult egsnma loorenahtnoa) so tjht agw hae gxnstnam proeults lha cg optnbhiiy

natgmrhtge nato tjg suppiy ljhna) iohe bhahmgbgat

Naòrbhtnoa Ugljaoiomy na`rhstrulturg) to support suppiy ljhna opgrhtnoas!

]jgrg"to"bhdg hae wjht"to"bhdg"or"cuy eglnsnoas

Hinmanam ovgrhii ormhanzhtnoahi strhtgmy wntj suppiy strhtgmy!


23/69


Uhltnlhi

\ourlnam loatrhlts hae otjgr purljhsnam eglnsnoas!

[roeultnoa eglnsnoas) naliuenam loatrhltnam) iolhtnoas) sljgeuinam) hae pihaanam

prolgss eg`nantnoa!

Navgatory eglnsnoas) naliuenam quhatnty) iolhtnoa) hae quhinty o` navgatory!

Urhasporthtnoa strhtgmy) naliuenam `rgqugaly) routgs) hae loatrhltnam!

Cgaljbhrdnam o` hii opgrhtnoas hmhnast lobpgtntors hae nbpigbgathtnoa o` cgst

prhltnlgs tjroumjout tjg gatgrprnsg!

Bnigstoag phybgats!

Opgrhtnoahi

Ehniy proeultnoa hae enstrncutnoa pihaanam) naliuenam hii aoegs na tjg suppiy

ljhna!

[roeultnoa sljgeuinam òr ghlj bhau`hlturnam `hlninty na tjg suppiy ljhna

*bnautg cy bnautg.!

Egbhae pihaanam hae òrglhstnam) loorenahtnam tjg egbhae òrglhst o` hii

lustobgrs hae sjhrnam tjg òrglhst wntj hii suppingrs!

\ourlnam pihaanam) naliuenam lurrgat navgatory hae òrglhst egbhae) na

loiihcorhtnoa wntj hii suppingrs!

Nacouae opgrhtnoas) naliuenam trhasporthtnoa `rob suppingrs hae rglgnvnam

navgatory!

[roeultnoa opgrhtnoas) naliuenam tjg loasubptnoa o` bhtgrnhis hae ìow o`

`nansjge mooes!

Outcouae opgrhtnoas) naliuenam hii ùi`nibgat hltnvntngs hae trhasporthtnoa to

lustobgrs!

Oregr probnsnam) hllouatnam òr hii loastrhnats na tjg suppiy ljhna) naliuenam hii

suppingrs) bhau`hlturnam `hlnintngs) enstrncutnoa lgatrgs) hae otjgr lustobgrs!


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LOB[OAGAU\ O@ \LB

Ujg \LB lobpoagats hrg tjg tjnre gigbgat o` tjg òur"squhrg lnrluihtnoa `rhbgword!

Ujg igvgi o` natgmrhtnoa hae bhahmgbgat o` h cusnagss prolgss inad ns h ùaltnoa o`

tjg aubcgr hae igvgi) rhamnam `rob iow to jnmj) o` lobpoagats heege to tjg inad!

Loasgqugatiy) heenam borg bhahmgbgat lobpoagats or nalrghsnam tjg igvgi o` ghlj

lobpoagat lha nalrghsg tjg igvgi o` natgmrhtnoa o` tjg cusnagss prolgss inad! Ujg

intgrhturg oa cusnagss prolgss rggamnaggrnam) cuygr"suppingr rgihtnoasjnps hae \LB

summgsts vhrnous possncig lobpoagats tjht bust rglgnvg bhahmgrnhi httgatnoa wjga

bhahmnam suppiy rgihtnoasjnps! Ihbcgrt hae Loopgr *3;;;. negatn`nge tjg òiiownam

lobpoagats wjnlj hrg6

[ihaanam hae loatroi

]ord strulturg

Ormhanzhtnoa strulturg

[roeult ìow `hlninty strulturg

Naòrbhtnoa ìow `hlninty strulturg

Bhahmgbgat bgtjoes

[owgr hae ighegrsjnp strulturg

Snsd hae rgwhre strulturg

Luiturg hae httntueg

Jowgvgr) h borg lhrgùi gxhbnahtnoa o` tjg gxnstnam intgrhturgT:R wnii ighe us to h

borg lobprgjgasnvg strulturg o` wjht sjouie cg tjg dgy lrntnlhi suppiy ljhna

lobpoagats) tjg #crhaljgs# o` tjg prgvnous negatn`nge suppiy ljhna cusnagss

prolgssgs) tjht ns) wjht dnae o` rgihtnoasjnp tjg lobpoagats bhy jhvg tjht hrg rgihtge

wntj suppingrs hae lustobgrs hllorenamiy! Cowgrsox hae Lioss sthtgs tjht tjg

gbpjhsns oa loopgrhtnoa rgprgsgats tjg syagrmnsb ighenam to tjg jnmjgst igvgi o` fonat

hljngvgbgat! H prnbhry igvgi ljhaagi phrtnlnphat ns h cusnagss tjht ns wniinam to

phrtnlnphtg na tjg navgatory owagrsjnp rgspoasncninty or hssubg otjgr hspglts o`

`nahalnhi rnsd) tjus naliuenam prnbhry igvgi lobpoagats! H sgloaehry igvgi phrtnlnphat

ns h cusnagss tjht phrtnlnphtgs na ljhaagi rgihtnoasjnps cy pgròrbnam gssgatnhi sgrvnlgs

òr prnbhry phrtnlnphats) tjus naliuenam sgloaehry igvgi lobpoagats) wjnlj hrg na

support o` prnbhry phrtnlnphats! Ujnre igvgi ljhaagi phrtnlnphats hae lobpoagats tjht


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wnii support tjg prnbhry igvgi ljhaagi phrtnlnphats) hae wjnlj hrg tjg ùaehbgathi

crhaljgs o` tjg sgloaehry igvgi lobpoagats) bhy hiso cg naliuege!

Loasgqugatiy) Ihbcgrt hae Loopgr-s `rhbgword o` suppiy ljhna lobpoagats eogs aot

ighe us to tjg loaliusnoa hcout wjht hrg tjg prnbhry or sgloaehry igvgi suppiy ljhna

lobpoagats! Ujht ns) wjht suppiy ljhna lobpoagats sjouie cg vngwge hs prnbhry or

sgloaehry) jow tjgsg lobpoagats sjouie cg strulturge na oregr to jhvg h borg

lobprgjgasnvg suppiy ljhna strulturg) hae to gxhbnag tjg suppiy ljhna hs ha

natgmrhtnvg oag!

Chznotopouios rgvngwge tjg intgrhturg to negatn`y suppiy ljhna lobpoagats! Chsge oa

tjns stuey) Chznotopouios summgsts tjg òiiownam suppiy ljhna lobpoagats6

8! @or lustobgr sgrvnlg bhahmgbgat6 Naliuegs tjg prnbhry igvgi lobpoagat o`

lustobgr rgihtnoasjnp bhahmgbgat) hae sgloaehry igvgi lobpoagats sulj hs

cgaljbhrdnam hae oregr ùi`nibgat!

3! @or proeult egvgiopbgat hae lobbgrlnhinzhtnoa6 Naliuegs tjg prnbhry igvgi

lobpoagat o` [roeult Ehth Bhahmgbgat *[EB.) hae sgloaehry igvgi

lobpoagats sulj hs bhrdgt sjhrg) lustobgr shtns`hltnoa) pro`nt bhrmnas) hae

rgturas to sthdgjoiegrs!

Naliuegs tjg prnbhry igvgi lobpoagat o` gatgrprnsg rgsourlg pihaanam *GS[.)

wntj sgloaehry igvgi lobpoagats sulj hs whrgjousg bhahmgbgat) bhtgrnhi

bhahmgbgat) bhau`hlturnam pihaanam) pgrsoaagi bhahmgbgat) hae

postpoagbgat!

5! @or pgròrbhalg bghsurgbgat6 Naliuegs tjg prnbhry igvgi lobpoagat o`

iomnstnls pgròrbhalg bghsurgbgat) wjnlj ns lorrgihtge wntj tjg naòrbhtnoa

ìow `hlninty strulturg wntjna tjg ormhanzhtnoa! \gloaehry igvgi lobpoagats bhy

naliueg òur typgs o` bghsurgbgat sulj hs6 vhrnhtnoa) enrgltnoa) eglnsnoa hae

poinly bghsurgbgats! Borg spgln`nlhiiy) na hllorehalg wntj tjgsg sgloaehry

igvgi lobpoagats) tothi lost hahiysns *ULH.) lustobgr pro`nthcninty hahiysns

*L[H.) hae hssgt bhahmgbgat louie cg loalgrage hs wgii!

7! @or outsourlnam6 Naliuegs tjg prnbhry igvgi lobpoagat o` bhahmgbgat

bgtjoes) hae tjg strhtgmnl ocfgltnvgs òr phrtnluihr nantnhtnvgs na dgy hrghs o`

naòrbhtnoa tgljaoiomy) opgrhtnoas) bhau`hlturnam lhphcnintngs) hae iomnstnls!


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bhau`hlturnam g``nlngaly ns hiso nalrghsge! Ujgnr botnvhtnoa igvgi rnsgs hae

borhig ns nbprovge!

e. Hvonehalg o` Out o` \told Ehamgr6 Naòrbhtnoa hcout hvhnihcninty o`

bhtgrnhis sjouie cg bheg loatnauousiy hvhnihcig to tjg bhahmgbgat so tjht tjgy

lha eo pihaanam òr prolurgbgat o` rhw bhtgrnhi! Nt bhnathnas tjg navgatorngs ht

tjg optnbub igvgi dggpnam na vngw tjg opgrhtnoahi rgqunrgbgats! Nt hiso hvones

tjg out o` stold ehamgr!

g. Cgttgr \grvnlg to Lustobgrs6 \u``nlngat stold o` `nansjge mooes bust cg

bhnathnage to bhtlj rghsoahcig egbhae o` tjg lustobgrs òr probpt gxglutnoa

o` tjgnr oregrs!

`. Jnmjinmjtnam siow bovnam hae ocsoigtg ntgbs o` bhtgrnhis!

m. Egsnmanam poorgr ormhanzhtnoa òr navgatory bhahmgbgat6 Lighr lut

hllouathcninty sjouie cg `nxge ht vhrnous igvgis o` ormhanzhtnoa!

3. @nahalnhi Ocfgltnvgs

h. Gloaoby na purljhsnam6 H propgr navgatory loatroi crnams lgrthna hevhathmgs

hae gloaobngs na purljhsnam hiso! Gvgry httgbpt jhs to bhdg to g``glt gloaoby

na purljhsnam tjroumj quhatnty hae thdnam hevhathmg to `hvourhcig bhrdgts!

c. Sghsoahcig [rnlg6 ]jnig purljhsnam bhtgrnhis) nt ns to cg sgga tjht rnmjt quhinty

o` bhtgrnhi ns purljhsge ht rghsoahciy iow prnlg! Xuhinty ns aot to cg shlrn`nlge

ht tjg lost o` iowgr prnlg! Ujg bhtgrnhi purljhsge sjouie cg o` tjg quhinty hioag

wjnlj ns aggege!

l. Optnbub Navgstnam hae G``nlngat Wsg o` lhpnthi6 Ujg chsnl hnb o` navgatory

loatroi `rob tjg `nahalnhi ponat o` vngw ns tjg optnbub igvgi o` navgstbgat na

navgatorngs! Ujgrg sjouie cg ao gxlgssnvg navgstbgat na stold) gtl! Navgstbgat

na navgatorngs bust aot tng up ùaes tjht louie cg usge na otjgr hltnvntngs! Ujg

egtgrbnahtnoa o` bhxnbub hae bnanbub igvgi o` stold httgbpt na tjns

enrgltnoa!


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LOAUSOI O@ BHUGSNHI\

Snmne loatrois ovgr bhtgrnhis hrg aglgsshry aot oaiy to muhre hmhnast tjg`t) cut hiso to

bnanbnzg whstg hae bnsusg `rob lhusgs sulj hs gxlgssnvg navgatory) ovgr nssug)

egtgrnorhtnoa) sponihmg) hae ocsoigslgalg! Ujgrg hrg lgrthna prgrgqunsntgs to ha

g``gltnvg loatroi systgb òr bhtgrnhis

8! Bhtgrnhis o` tjg egsnrge quhatnty wnii cg hvhnihcig wjga aggege4

3! Bhtgrnhis wnii cg purljhsge oaiy wjga h agge gxnsts hae na gloaobnlhi

quhintngs4

5! Pouljgrs òr tjg phybgat o` bhtgrnhis purljhsge wnii cg hpprovge oaiy n`

bhtgrnhis jhvg cgga rglgnvge na mooe loaentnoa4

7! Bhtgrnhi wnii cg protgltge hmhnast ioss cy propgr pjysnlhi loatroi4

0! Nssug o` bhtgrnhis wnii cg propgriy hutjornzge hae hllouatge òr4 hae

=! Hii bhtgrnhis) ht hii tnbgs) wnii cg ljhrmge) hs tjg rgspoasncninty o` sobg

naenvneuhi!

NB[OSUHALG O@ NAPGAUOS^ LOAUSOI

Ujg nbporthalg or aglgssnty o` navgatory loatroi ns wgii gxpihnage na tjg tgrbs o` tjg

ocfglts o` navgatory loatroi) wjnlj hrg octhnage tjroumj nt! H propgr navgatory loatroi

iowgr eowa tjg lost o` proeultnoa hae nbprovgs pro`nthcninty o` gatgrprnsg!

HEPHAUHMG\ O@ NAPGAUOS^ LOAUSOI

8! Sgeultnoa na navgstbgat na navgatory!

3! [ropgr hae g``nlngat usg o` rhw bhtgrnhis!

5! Nbprovgbgat na proeultnoa hae shigs!

7! G``nlngat hae optnbub usg o` pjysnlhi hs wgii hs `nahalnhi rgsourlgs!

0! Oregrnam lost lha cg rgeulge n` h `nrb pihlgs h `gw ihrmg oregrs na pihlg o`

aubgrous sbhii oregrs!

=! Bhnatgahalg o` hegquhtg navgatorngs rgeulgs tjg sgt"up lost hssolnhtge wntj

ghlj proeultnoa rua!


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G\\GAUNHI O@ NAPGAUOS^ LOAUSOI \^\UGB

@or ha g``nlngat hae sullgssùi navgatory loatroi tjgrg hrg lgrthna nbporthat

loaentnoas tjht hrg hs òiiows6

8! Lihssn`nlhtnoa hae negatn`nlhtnoa o` navgatorngs6 Ujg usuhi navgatory o`

bhau`hlturnam `nrb naliuegs rhw bhtgrnhi) storgs) word na promrgss) hae

lobpoagats gtl! Uo `hlninthtg probpt rglorenam tjg eghinam) ghlj ntgb o` tjg

navgatory bust cg hssnmage h phrtnluihr loeg aubcgr hae nt bust cg lihssn`nge na

sunthcig mroup or suc"envnsnoa! HCL hahiysns o` bhtgrnhis ns vgry jgipùi na tjns

loatgxt!

3! \thaehrenzhtnoa hae snbpin`nlhtnoa o` navgatorngs6 Na oregr to `hlninthtg navgatory

loatroi) tjg navgatory inag sjouie cg snbpin`nge! Nt rg`grs to tjg ginbnahtnoa o`

gxlgss typgs hae snzg o` ntgbs! \nbpin`nlhtnoa ighes to rgeultnoa na lihssn`nlhtnoa

o` navgatorngs hae nts lhrrynam losts! \thaehrenzhtnoa) oa tjg otjgr jhae) rg`grs

to `nxhtnoa o` sthaehres o` rhw bhtgrnhi to cg purljhsge hae spgln`nlhtnoa o` tjg

lobpoagats hae toois to cg usge!

stgp na tjns prolgss ns to sgt tjg bhxnbub hae bnanbub inbnts òr ghlj ntgb o`

navgatory! Nt hvones tjg ljhalgs o` ovgr"navgstbgat hs wgii hs ruaanam h sjort o`

hay ntgb eurnam tjg lost o` proeulnam! Sgoregrnam ponat sjouie hiso cg `nxge

cgòrgjhae!

5! Gloaobnl oregr quhatnty6 Nt ns hiso h chsnl navgatory procigb to egtgrbnag tjg

quhatnty hs jow bulj to oregr ht h tnbg! Na egtgrbnag tjg GOX) tjg procigb ns

oag to sgt h chihalg cgtwgga two opposntg lost) ahbgiy) oregrnam lost hae

lhrrynam lost! Ujns quhatnty sjouie cg `nxge cgòrgjhae!

7! Hegquhtg \torhmg `hlnintngs6 Uo bhdg tjg systgb o` navgatory loatroi sullgssùi

hae g``nlngat oag) nt ns hiso gssgatnhi to provneg tjg hegquhtg storhmg `hlnintngs!

\u``nlngat storhmg hrgh hae propgr jhaeinam `hlnintngs sjouie cg ormhanzge!

0! Hegquhtg rgports hae rglores6 Navgatory loatroi rgqunrgs tjg bhnatgahalg o`

hegquhtg navgatory rglore hae rgports! Phrnous navgatory rglores bust loathna

naòrbhtnoa to bggt tjg agges o` purljhsnam) proeultnoa) shigs hae `nahalnhi

sth``! Ujg typnlhi naòrbhtnoa rgqunrge hcout hay lihss o` navgatory bhy cg

rgihtnam to quhatnty oa jhae) iolhtnoa) quhatntngs na trhasnt) uant lost) loeg òr ghlj ntgb o` navgatory) rgoregr ponat) sh`gty igvgi gtl! \thtgbgat òrbs hae


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GIGBGAU\ O@ NAPGAUOS^ LO\U\

Ujg typgs o` losts tjht usuhiiy h``glt tjg navgatory eglnsnoa hrg6

8! Ujg lost to pihlg rgpigansjbgat oregr! Ujgsg hrg hiso rg`grrge to hs

rgpigansjbgat losts or prolurgbgat or naegatnam losts!

Lost o` phpgrword) typnam hae ensphtljnam ha oregr)

Losts nalurrge na òiiownam up tnbgiy eginvgrngs) trhvgiinam losts) purljhsg

òiiow up losts) tgigpjoag) tgigmrhbs) tgigx) posthi) gbhni hae otjgr

lorrgspoaegalg losts)

Losts navoivge na rglgnvnam tjg oregr) nalobnam naspgltnoa) ljgldnam) pjysnlhi

jhaenam ovgr to storgs)

Hay sgtup bhljnag lost) n` hay) enrgltiy ljhrmge cy tjg suppingr to tjg chtlj

snzg)

\hihrngs hae whmgs o` tjg purljhsg egphrtbgat!

3! Ujg lost to joie navgatory6 Ujgsg losts naliueg hii gxpgasgs nalurrge cglhusg o`

tjg voiubg o` navgatory lhrrnge! Ujgsg hrg hiso lhiige hs navgatory lhrrynam losts!

Ujns bhy cg h `nxge sub pgr uant pgr tnbg pgrnoe) or nt bhy cg h `nxge pgrlgat o` vhiug

pgr tnbg pgrnoe! Na borg lobpigx boegis nt bhy loasnst o` borg tjha oag gigbgat!

Ujht ns) joienam losts bhy loasnst o` cotj pjysnlhi storhmg hae lhpnthi losts! Hboam

tjg rgigvhat losts hrg whrgjousg rgathi) ligrnlhi losts o` louatnam navgatory) nasurhalg

òr mooes hae whrgjousgs) sglurnty) thxgs oa navgatory) ocsoigslgalg) ehbhmg)

pni`grhmg) tjg`t *curmihrs hae gbpioyggs.) rgeulge ntgb in`g) sponihmg) hae tjg vhiug

hssolnhtge wntj ùaes tnge up na navgatory! Ujns lost o` lhpnthi bhy cg tjg hltuhi lost

o` ùaes corrowge to purljhsg navgatory) tjg natgrgst tjht louie cg shvge n` tjht

boagy wgrg usge to rgtnrg egct) tjg natgrgst tjht louie jhvg cgga ghrage cy egposntnam

tjg ùaes) or ha natgrahi rhtg o` rgtura) rgprgsgatnam mhnas bheg `rob usnam tjg shbg

ùaes oa) òr gxhbpig) h pihat gxphasnoa! Ujg lobpoagats o` tjns lost hrg “ lylig

stold losts hae cu``gr stold losts!


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Ujg Ljhiigamgs o` Navgatory Bhahmgbgat6

Bhxnbnzg tjg igvgi o` lustobgr sgrvnlg) hae

Bnanbnznam tjg lost o` provnenam ha hegquhtg igvgi o` lustobgr sgrvnlg)

probotnam g``nlngaly na proeultnoa or purljhsnam

Ujg ormhanzhtnoa„s Navgatory Bhahmgbgat \ystgb bust lhrry out ocfgltnvgs sgt cy

uppgr bhahmgbgat! Nt bust pgròrb na sulj h why to gajhalg tjg ormhanzhtnoa„s pro`nt

or pgròrbhalg! Ujg ocfgltnvgs sgt cy bhahmgbgat wnii `rgqugatiy `hii nato gntjgr o`

two lhtgmorngs6

8! Lustobgr sgrvnlg ocfgltnvgs) hae

3! Navgatory navgstbgat ocfgltnvgs!

Ujus wg sgg tjg chsnl loaìnlt o` navgatory bhahmgbgat6 sobg ocfgltnvgs lhii òr

gloaobnznam oa navgatory igvgis) wjnig otjgr ocfgltnvgs lhii òr nalrghsnam

navgatorngs! Ujgsg ocfgltnvgs bhy lrghtg loaìnlt hioam egphrtbgathi inags6 `nahalg

whats sbhiigr subs tnge up na navgatory) wjnig bhrdgtnam whats ihrmgr hbouats so

tjht lustobgr oregrs lha cg borg probptiy shtns`nge!

LO\U\ H\\OLNHUGE ]NUJ NAPGAUOSNG\

@rob h bhahmgrnhi ponat o` vngw) two chsnl lhtgmorngs o` losts hrg hssolnhtge wntj

navgatorngs6

8! Navgatory lhrrynam losts hae

3! Navgatory hlqunsntnoa losts!

Ujgsg pius rgihtge vhrnhcig losts hrg enslussge na tjg òiiownam phrhmrhpjs!

Lhrrynam Losts

Lhrrynam bhtgrnhi na navgatory ns gxpgasnvg! [rnor to tjg rgihtnvgiy rglgat pgrnoes o`

jnmjgr rhtgs) h aubcgr o` stuengs egtgrbnage tjht tjg haauhi lost o` lhrrynam h

proeultnoa navgatory hvgrhmge hpproxnbhtgiy 37 pgrlgat o` tjg vhiug o` tjg navgatory!

Ujg gslhihtnam hae voihtnig lost o` boagy na rglgat yghrs) jowgvgr) jhs nalrghsge tjg

typnlhi `nrb„s haauhi navgatory lhrrynam lost to `nmurg cgtwgga 37 hae


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7! Ocsoigslgalg hae egtgrnorhtnoa! Na bost navgatory opgrhtnoa) h lgrthna pgrlgathmg

o` tjg stold sponis) ns ehbhmge) ns pni`grge) or gvgatuhiiy cglobgs ocsoigtg! Ao bhttgr

jow eninmgatiy whrgjousg bhahmgr„s muhre hmhnast tjgsg ollurrgalgs) h lgrthna

aubcgr hiwhys thdg pihlg! ]ntj agw proeults cgnam natroeulge ht ha nalrghsnam rhtg)

tjg prochcninty o` ocsoigslgalg ns nalrghsge hllorenamiy! Loasgqugatiy) tjg ihrmgr tjg

navgatory) typnlhiiy tjg mrghtgr tjg hcsoiutg ioss `rob tjns sourlg!

Mgagrhiiy spghdnam) tjns mroup o` lhrrynam losts rnsgs hae `hiis aghriy proportnoahtgiy

wntj tjg rnsg hae `hii o` tjg navgatory igvgi! @urtjgr) tjg navgatory igvgi ns enrgltiy

rgihtge to tjg quhatnty na wjnlj tjg oregrge bhtgrnhi ns eginvgrge! ]jga tjg lobpigtg

oregr ns sjnppge ht oag tnbg) tjg ihrmgr tjg oregr quhatnty4 tjg jnmjgr tjg hvgrhmg

navgatory igvgi vhry aghriy enrgltiy wntj tjg snzg o` tjg eginvgry quhatnty!

N` h `nrb jhs gstnbhtge nt„s hpproxnbhtgiy navgatory lhrrynam lost) hs h pgrlgathmg o`

navgatory vhiug) tjg haauhi navgatory lhrrynam losts tjht wouie cg mgagrhtge cy

eginvgry quhatntngs o` vhrnous snzgs lha cg lhiluihtge hs òiiows6

*Lhrrynam lost pgr yghr. 2 *hvgrhmg navgatory vhiug. x *nav! Lhrrynam lost hs h ' o`

nav! vhiug.

*Lhrrynam lost pgr yghr. 2 *hvgrhmg navgatory na uants. x *bhtgrnhi uant lost. x *nav!

lhrrynam lost hs ' o` nav! vhiug.

LL 2 X/3 x L x N

]jgrg

LL 2 lhrrynam lost pgr yghr òr tjg bhtgrnhi na qugstnoa

X 2 oregr or eginvgry quhatnty òr tjg bhtgrnhi) na uants

L 2 eginvgrge uant lost o` tjg bhtgrnhi

N 2 navgatory lhrrynam lost òr tjg bhtgrnhi) gxprgssge hs h pgrlgathmg o` navgatory

vhiug


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40/69


41/69


Gloaobnl Oregr Xuhatnty Loalgpt *GOX.

N` oag jhs to bhdg eglnsnoas hcout bhahmnam ha navgatory) nt ns usgùi to uaegrsthae

tjg cgjhvnour o` tjg navgatory"rgihtge lost `hltors fust enslussge! Ujgsg `hltors o`tga

jgip h bhahmgr egtgrbnag wjnlj ntgbs sjouie or sjouie aot cg lhrrnge na navgatory)

wjht navgatory igvgis sjouie cg lhrrnge òr spgln`nl ntgbs) hae wjht oregr quhatntngs

hrg hpproprnhtg òr mnvga ntgbs!

Hs nts ahbg summgsts) tjns loalgpt joies tjht tjg hpproprnhtg quhatnty to oregr bhy cg

tjg oag tjht tgaes to bnanbnzg hii tjg losts hssolnhtge wntj tjg oregr "lhrrynam losts)

hlqunsntnoa losts) hae tjg lost o` tjg bhtgrnhi ntsgi`!

Loalgatrhtnam òr tjg bobgat oa tjg `nrst two losts) `nm! sjows lighriy tjht hs tjg

oregr or eginvgry quhatnty nalrghsgs) lhrrynam losts rnsg"hae ht tjg shbg tnbg

hlqunsntnoa losts eglrghsg! Uo sgg tjg tothi pnlturg borg lighriy) n` lhrrynam losts hae

hlqunsntnoa losts hrg heege tomgtjgr ovgr tjg oregr quhatnty rhamg sjowa oa tjg mrhpj)

tjg tothi naenrglt bhtgrnhis lost lurvg) UL) ns proeulge! Ujns trhasòrbhtnoa ns sjowa

na `nm! Ujg gloaobnl oregr quhatnty loalgpt snbpiy shys tjht tjg sub o` hii tjg

naenrglt losts hssolnhtge wntj navgatory wnii cg bnanbnzge oa ha haauhi chsns n` tjg

bhtgrnhi) òr wjnlj tjg mrhpj ns erhwa) ns oregrge *or eginvgrge. loasnstgatiy na tjgquhatnty tjht lorrgspoaes wntj tjg iow ponat oa tjg UL lurvg! Ujns ns tjg gloaobnl

oregr quhatnty!

Aotg tjht tjg iow ponat oa tjg tothi lost lurvg lonalnegs wntj tjg ponat ht wjnlj tjg

lhrrynam lost lurvg natgrsglts tjg hlqunsntnoa lost lurvg! Ujns bhdgs nt ghsy to egvgiop

tjg chsnl òrbuih tjht lha hiwhys cg usge to lhiluihtg h bhtgrnhis chsnl GOX! Sglhii

tjg two snbpig lost òrbuihs egvgiopge òr haauhi lhrrynam losts hae haauhi

hlqunsntnoa losts! Ujgsg lha cg aow cg usge to egvgiop tjg GOX òrbuih!

GOX ollurs wjga

Haauhi lhrrynam lost 2 haauhi hlqunsntnoa lost

LL 2 HL

XLN/3 2 WH/3


42/69


\oivnam òr X6

X3LN 2 3WH

X 2 sq! root o` 3 WH/LN

Ujns òrbuih) tjga) ns tjg ùaehbgathi bhtjgbhtnlhi rgprgsgathtnoa o` tjg GOX

loalgpt! Nt lha cg boen`nge to hllobboehtg aubgrous spglnhi loaentnoas) cut na

prhltnlg nt prochciy `naes nts bost g``gltnvg hppinlhtnoa na tjns òrb!

[ro`gssor Ehangi Foags) wjo jhs rgsghrljge vhrnous iot snznam loalgpts) shys tjht tjg

GOX loalgpt lha cg usge na loafualtnoa wntj h vhrngty o` navgatory bhahmgbgat

systgbs) naliuenam FNU! Jg wrntgs6 ’]jga tjg GOX boegi ns propgriy gbpioyge) tjgrg

ns h inttig en``grgalg cgtwgga iot snzgs chsge oa tjg FNU boegi hae tjg GOX boegi!‒

Jg ponats out tjht hii rgigvhat nalrgbgathi losts bust cg naliuege wjga usnam tjg

GOX boegi! Ujns ns pgrjhps ha ocvnous ocsgrvhtnoa) cut oag tjht jg `naes `rgqugatiy

ns vnoihtge na prhltnlg!

\o) egspntg sobg lrntnlnsbs) tjg GOX loalgpt loatnaugs to cg h vgrshtnig hae usgùi

too n` nt ns propgriy hppinge!

Phrnous typgs o` navgatory bhahmgbgat tgljanqugs hrg6

h. HCL hahiysns

c. PGE hahiysns

l. JBI hahiysns

e. MOI@ hahiysns

g. \O\ hahiysns

`. IN@O @N@O tgljanqug

m. BAM hahiysns

j. @\A hahiysns

n. Z^V hahiysns

h. HCL hahiysns

HCL hahiysns ns chsge oa #:; " 3;# prnalnpig or prnalnpig o` #Pnthi `gw# & #trnvnhi

bhay#!


43/69


Hllorenam to tjns prnalnpig nt ns shne tjht :;' o` tjg navgatory lost ns eug to 3;' o`

tjg ntgbs *wjnlj hrg gxpgasnvg. hae jgalg tjgnr bhahmgbgat ns vgry bulj rgqunrge to

dggp eowa tjg navgatory lost! HCL hahiysns ns chsge oa #vhiug hahiysns#! *Phiug o`

ntgb chsge oa nts loasubptnoa.

-H- ntgbs hrg tjosg wjosg lost ns vgry jnmj) jgalg propgr navgatory bhahmgbgat hae

rgmuihr ljgld òr sulj ntgbs hrg rgqunrge! -H- lhtgmory ntgbs sjouie cg bhahmge cy

sganor gxglutnvg hae boatjiy naspgltnoa òr sulj proeults ns rgqunrge!

Ujgsg ntgbs sjouie aot cg purljhsge na -cuid„ cut nt bust cg purljhsge rgmuihriy na

sbhii quhatntngs suppingr o` sulj ntgbs sjouie cg naòrbge hcout tjg rgqunrgbgat o`

tjg proeult hs pgr bhau`hlturnam piha!

Ujgsg ntgbs hrg 7' to 8;' prgsgat hae lost hcout =;' to :;' o` tothi navgatory!

-C- lhtgmory ntgbs hrg aot vgry gxpgasnvg hs lobphrge to -H- lhtgmory! Bnanbub

navgatory loatroi sjouie cg eoag! Ujgsg ntgbs hrg 87' to 3;' prgsgat hae lost 87'

to 3;' o` tothi navgatory!

-L- lhtgmory ntgbs hrg purljhsge na cuid! Ujgy loastntutg =;' to :;' o` tothi proeult

hae lost hcout 7' to 8;'! Ujgy eo aot rgqunrg rgmuihr navgatory loatroi! Ujgy hrg

purljhsge na cuid to hvhni prnlg enslouat cgag`nt!

c. PGE hahiysns

PGE hahiysns ns chsge oa lrntnlhinty) hvhnihcninty gtl! g!m! Lhr!

P " Pnthi ntgbs

G " Gssgatnhi ntgbs

E " Egsnrhcig ntgbs

Pnthi ntgbs hrg tjosg wjnlj wjga aot prgsgat) tjg proeultnoa bhy lobg to jhit!

Gssgatnhi ntgbs hrg tjosg wjnlj wjga aot prgsgat bhy aot h``glt tjg proeultnoa òr

sjort pgrnoe cut eurnam ioam rua or jnrg lost o` proeultnoa bhy mo up!

Egsnrhcig proeults hrg tjosg wjnlj eo aot bhttgr o` bulj nbporthat & proeultnoa

bhy mo wntjout nt òr ioam pgrnoe o` tnbg!


44/69


l. JBI hahiysns6 Ujns ns chsge oa prnlg hahiysns!

J " Jnmj lost

B " Bgenub lost

I " Iow lost

e. MOI@ hahiysns

M " Movgrabgat

AM " Aoa Movgrabgat

I " Iolhi

@ " @orgnma

Moi` hahiysns sthtgs tjht proeults wjnlj hrg coumjt `rob Movgrabgat sourlgs rgqunrg

borg tnbg hae hevhalg phybgat!

Aoa movgrabgat proeults rgqunrg igss tnbg na purljhsnam) igss phpgr word & hrg

mnvga oa lrgent!

Mooes `rob iolhi suppingrs lha cg coumjt oa lrgent purljhsg ghsniy!

@orgnma mooes rgqunrg borg tgrbs hae loaentnoas) borg phpgr word & igmhi

eolubgats indg lustob lighrhalg gtl!

g. \O\ hahiysns

\ " \ghsoahi

O\ " O`` \ghsoahi

\ghsoahi mooes sjouie cg purljhsge na cuid eurnam sghsoa hae storge `or o`` sghsoa!

`. IN@O @N@O tgljanqug

IN@O " Ihst na @nrst out

@N@O " @nrst na @nrst out


45/69


m. @\A hahiysns

@ " @hst bovnam ntgbs

\ " \iow bovnam ntgbs

A " Aoa bovnam ntgbs

Aoa bovnam ntgbs sjouie aot cg dgpt!

Ujgsg hrg slngatn`nl navgatory bhahmgbgat tgljanqugs wjnlj hrg na lurrgat usg hae

jgips na g``gltnvg navgatory loatroi hae bhahmgbgat ghsy to heopt hae ghsy to cg

uaegrstooe!

UGLJANXWG\ O@ NAPGAUOS^ LOAUSOI

Na bhahmnam navgatorngs) tjg `nrb„s ocfgltnvg sjouie cg na loasoahalg wntj tjg wghitj

bhxnbnzhtnoa prnalnpig! Uo hljngvg tjns) tjg `nrb sjouie egtgrbnag tjg optnbub igvgi

o` navgstbgat na navgatory! Uo eghi wntj tjg procigbs o` navgatory bhahmgbgat

g``gltnvgiy) nt cglobgs aglgsshry to cg loavgrshat wntj tjg en``grgat tgljanqugs o`

navgatory loatroi! Hitjoumj tjg loalgpts navoivge na navgatory bhahmgbgat hrg

proeultnoa"orngatge hae hrg aot strnltiy `nahalnhi nt ns nbporthat tjht tjg `nahalnhi

bhahmgr uaegrsthae tjgb snalg tjgy jhvg lgrthna cunit"na `nahalnhi losts!

Ujg en``grgat tgljanqugs o` navgatory loatroi bhy cg subbhrnzge hs `oiiows6

8! Navgatory Igvgi Ugljanqug6 Ujg bhna ocfgltnvg o` stold loatroi ns to egtgrbnag

hae bhnathna tjg optnbub igvgi o` stold so tjht tjgrg ns agntjgr sjorthmg o` hay

bhtgrnhi aor uaaglgsshry navgstbgat na navgatory! @or tjns purposg)

egtgrbnahtnoa o` bhxnbub hae bnanbub inbnts o` navgatory hae oregrnam igvgi

ns aglgsshry!

3! Bhxnbub \told Inbnt6 Ujns rgprgsgats tjg quhatnty o` navgatory hcovg wjnlj nt

sjouie aot cg hiiowge to cg dgpt! Ujg bhna ocfglt o` `nxnam tjns inbnt ns to

gasurg tjht uaaglgsshry wordnam lhpnthi ns aot cioldge na storgs! Ujg quhatnty ns

`nxge dggpnam na vngw tjg enshevhathmgs o` ovgrstoldnam!


46/69


47/69


BNANBWB \UOLD INBNU *\H@GU^ OS CW@@GS \UOLD.

Ujns rgprgsgats tjg quhatnty cgiow wjnlj stold sjouie aot cg hiiowge to `hii! Nt ns

bhnathnage to shvg `rob tjg sntuhtnoa o` stold out na tjg gvgat o` hcaorbhi nalrghsg na

bhtgrnhi ushmg rhtg hae/or eginvgry pgrnoe! Na `hlt egtgrbnahtnoa o` tjns quhatnty ns

snman`nlhat cglhusg o` ualgrthnaty na rgspglt to bhtgrnhi ushmg rhtg hae eginvgry

pgrnoe! Ujg bhna purposg o` tjns igvgi ns to gasurg tjht proeultnoa ns aot jgie up eug

to sjorthmg o` hay bhtgrnhi! Ujns igvgi ns `nxge òr hii ntgbs o` storgs hae òiiownam

`hltors hrg thdga nato hllouat òr tjg `nxhtnoa o` tjns igvgi6

h. Ighe tnbg n!g! tnbg ihm cgtwgga natgaenam hae rglgnvnam tjg bhtgrnhi!

c. Shtg o` loasubptnoa o` tjg bhtgrnhi eurnam tjg ighe tnbg!

l. Sg"oregr Igvgi

Cut n` aorbhi ushmg hae aorbhi ighe tnbg ns aot daowa tjga hvgrhmg ushmg wnii cg

trghtge hs aorbhi ushmg hae hvgrhmg rg"oregr wnii cg trghtge hs aorbhi rg"oregr pgrnoe!

Sg"oregrnam Igvgi *Oregrnam Igvgi.

Nt ns tjg ponat ht wjnlj n` tjg stold o` tjg bhtgrnhi na storgs rghljgs) tjg storgdggpgr

sjouie nantnhtg tjg purljhsg rgqunsntnoa òr `rgsj suppiy o` bhtgrnhi! Ujns igvgi ns `nxge

sobgwjgrg cgtwgga bhxnbub hae bnanbub igvgi ns sulj h why tjht tjg en``grgalg

o` quhatnty o` tjg bhtgrnhi cgtwgga tjg rgoregrnam igvgi hae tjg bnanbub igvgi wnii cg

su``nlngat to bggt rgqunrgbgats o` proeultnoa up to tjg tnbg o` `rgsj suppiy o` tjg

bhtgrnhi! Nt ns `nxge h`tgr thdnam nato loasnegrhtnoa tjg òiiownam `hltors6

*h. Shtg o` bhtgrnhi ushmg6 Mgagrhiiy tjns rhtg ns òuae out hs ushmg rhtg pgr ehy) prg

wggd or pgr boatj! Ujg quhatnty o` proeultnoa ìultuhtgs hllorenam to egbhae o` tjg

proeult wjnlj rgsuits na vhrnhtnoa na ushmg rhtg!

Jgalg) tjg òiiownam tjrgg `hltors6

n! Bhxnbub ushmg rhtg6 Nt nbpings quhatnty o` bhtgrnhi rgqunrge ht bhxnbub

lhphlnty proeultnoa!

nn! Bnanbub ushmg rhtg6 Nt nbpings quhatnty o` bhtgrnhi rgqunrge ht lhphlnty

proeultnoa na bost ua`hvourhcig cusnagss loaentnoas!

nnn! Aorbhi or hvgrhmg Wshmg Shtg6 Nt nbpings quhatnty o` bhtgrnhi rgqunrge htlhphlnty proeultnoa uaegr aorbhi cusnagss loaentnoas!


48/69


*c. Oregrnam [grnoe6 Ujg tnbg thdga na prgphrnam tjg oregr `or purljhsg o` bhtgrnhi

ns lhiige oregrnam pgrnoe! Na sobg loalgras tjns pgrnoe bhy cg snman`nlhat cut na ihrmg

loalgras tjns pgrnoe ns snman`nlhat cglhusg cg`org pihlnam tjg oregr tjg purljhsg

bhahmgr jhs to trhlg out tjg cgst suppingrs) h`tgr tjht oaiy jg pihlgs tjg oregr!

*l. Eginvgry) Ighe or [rolurgbgat Unbg6 Ujg tnbg thdga `rob tjg ehtg o` pihlnam

tjg oregr to tjg ehtg o` eginvgry cy tjg suppingrs ns lhiige prolurgbgat tnbg! Ujg

bhxnbub) bnanbub hae hvgrhmg prolurgbgat tnbg sjouie hiso cg egtgrbnage!

*e. Bnanbub \told Igvgi6 Ujns ns tjg igvgi o` stold cgiow wjnlj stolds sjouie

aorbhiiy aot cg hiiowge to `hii!


49/69


\ÂO[\N\

UNUIG O@ \UWE^

H stuey oa g``gltnvgagss o` Navgatory Bhahmgbgat \ystgb *NB\. ht P"Muhre

Naeustrngs Inbntge) Pgaahih!

NAUSOEWLUNOA

Navgatory loatroi lhaaot cg trghtge na nsoihtnoa! Navgatorngs mrow cglhusg o` ihrmg

ighe tnbgs) ioam sgtup tnbgs) grrhtnl output) gtl! Navgatory bhahmgrs jhvg ha

uagavnhcig thsd oa tjgnr jhaes! Ujgy hrg cihbge ht tjg erop o` h jht! Jowgvgr tjg

ahturg o` tjg procigb ns sulj tjht) tjgy oa tjgnr owa) lha eo vgry inttig hcout tjg

navgatory oa jhae! Navgatory bhahmgbgat ns cut h phrt o` tjg mrghtgr systgb tjht wg

bhy wgii lhii hs tjg proeultnoa bhtgrnhis bhahmgbgat systgb!

\UHUGBGAU O@ UJG [SOCIGB

Hs ormhanshtnoa strnvg to òlus oa lorg lobpgtgalngs hae cglobnam borg ìgxncig) tjg

nbporthalg o` Navgatory Bhahmgbgat jhs cglobg borg proòuae! Ujg procigb

sgigltge to tjg hahiysns ns ’to stuey tjg g``gltnvgagss o` Navgatory Bhahmgbgat

\ystgb‒ ht P"Muhre! Ujg g``gltnvgagss o` tjg prgvhnige navgatory systgb ns hahiysge

snbuithagousiy!

\NMAN@NLHALG O@ UJG \UWE^

Na toehy„s worie nt ns vgry nbporthat òr lobphangs to uaegrsthae tjg g``gltnvgagss o`

\uppiy Ljhna Bhahmgbgat! Ujns profglt wouie cg vgry usgùi hs tjns wouie gxjncnt

tjg g``gltnvgagss o` tjgnr Navgatory Bhahmgbgat \ystgb!

\LO[G O@ UJG \UWE^

Ujg stuey bhnaiy òlusgs oa tjg egthnige hahiysns o` tjg Navgatory Bhahmgbgat

\ystgb! Na tjns stuey) tjg ovgrhii ùaltnoanam o` whrgjousnam whs hahiyzge hs wgii hs

nts g``gltnvgagss! H boegrhtg httgbpt whs bheg to jhvg tjg \]OU hahiysns o` tjg

lobphay! Ujns stuey hiso navoivge tjg prhltnlhi hppinlhtnoa o` tjgorgtnlhi daowigemg!

Ujns stuey wnii jgip to daow tjg ormhanzhtnoa cgttgr hae to jhvg h agw nasnmjt oa tjg

ùaltnoanam o` whrgjousnam!


50/69


OCFGLUNPG O@ UJG \UWE^

Mgagrhi Ocfgltnvg

Uo jhvg h mgagrhi hwhrgagss o` tjg `ualtnoanam hae bhahmgbgat o` ha

ormhanzhtnoa!

Uo uaegrsthae tjg gxtgat to wjnlj bhahmgbgat tjgory bhtljgs wntj hltuhi

prhltnlgs sgga

\pgln`nl Ocfgltnvg

Uo uaegrsthae tjg ormhanzhtnoa strulturg hae wordnam o` \uppiy Ljhna

Bhahmgbgat!

Uo negatn`y egphrtbgats strgamtj hae wghdagssgs!

Uo jhvg ha gxposurg to tjg wordnam gavnroabgat!

SG\GHSLJ BGUJOEOIOM^

Ehth `or tjg rgport hrg loiigltge tjroumj cotj prnbhry hae sgloaehry sourlgs!

[rnbhry Ehth

Ocsgrvhtnoa

Natgrvngws

Xugstnoaahnrg

Enslussnoa wntj bhahmgrs hae gbpioyggs

\gloaehry Ehth

Lobphay„s suppiy ljhna egphrtbgat bhauhi

Lobphay bhauhi

]gcsntgs

UOOI\ @OS EHUH LOIIGLUNOA

Natgrvngws

Xugstnoaahnrg


51/69


\UHUN\UNLHI UOOI\ W\GE @OS HAHI^\N\

[grlgathmg

Mrhpjnlhi Sgprgsgathtnoa

INBNUHUNOA O@ \UWE^

Ujns cgnam ha hlhegbnl stuey) nt su``grs `rob tnbg hae lost loastrhnats!

Ujg hahiysns o` stuey ns inbntge to Grahduihb lnty oaiy! Jgalg nt lhaaot cg

mgagrhinzge na otjgr pihlgs!

Hs tjg gxglutnvgs wgrg cusy wntj tjgnr word) hegquhtg na`orbhtnoa louiea„t cg

loiigltge

Ujg Lobphay enea„t rgvghi sobg o``nlnhi rgport hae eolubgats hs nt ns dgpt

loa`negatnhi!


52/69


53/69


3. Eo you daow tjht your lobphay jhs ha navgatory bhahmgbgat systgb?

Uhcig

Bhahmgbgat \ystgb

[grlgathmg


54/69


55/69


5. @or wjht rghsoas eo you `ggi tjht tjgrg sjouie cg navgatory bhahmgbgat systgb?

Uhcig

Bhahmgbgat \ystgb

Ao o`

rgspoaegats

[grlgathmg

Uo sbootjga opgrhtnoahi rgqunrgbgat 7 37

Uo shvg tnbg 5 3;

Uo bhnathna hllouathcninty & trhasphrgaly 0


56/69


7. Eo you hmrgg tjht tjg navgatory bhahmgbgat systgb na your lobphay jhs ùi`niige

tjg agge òr wjnlj nt whs navoivge?

Uhcig

Bhahmgbgat \ystgb jhs ùi`niige nts agge

[grlgathmg


57/69


0. ]jht hllorenam to you ns tjg bhfor cgag`nt o` monam `or ha navgatory bhahmgbgat

systgb cy your lobphay?

Uhcig

Bhahmgbgat \ystgb

[grlgathmg


58/69


=. Eo you jhvg sdniige pro`gssnoahis na your lobphay `or navgatory bhahmgbgat?

Uhcig

rgspoaegats wgrg aot wniinam to lobbgat!

7;


59/69


:. ]jht lhtgmory o` pro`gssnoahis ns bhahmnam your lobphay navgatory?

Uhcig

lobphay

Ao o`

rgspoaegats

[grlgathmg

\dniige hae trhnage 0


60/69


>. Eo you hmrgg tjht your lobphay mnvgs borg gbpjhsns oa so`twhrg tjha sdniige

bhapowgr wntj rgmhre to navgatory bhahmgbgat?

Uhcig " \jownam tjg pgrlgptnoa o` gbpioyggs oa wjgtjgr borg gbpjhsns ns

mnvga to so`twhrg tjha sdniige bha powgr wntj rgmhre to Navgatory Bhahmgbgat

Ao o` rgspoaegats [grlgathmg

\troamiy Hmrgg 5 3;

Hmrgg < 87

Enshmrgg 8; 7;

\troamiy Enshmrgg 3 8;

Eo aot Daow / Lhaaot shy 8 7

3; 8;;

NA@GSGALG

Ujg hcovg rgspoasg mnvgs ha nbprgssnoa tjht tjg lobphay puts mrghtgr gbpjhsns oa

sdniige bhapowgr tjha so`twhrg `or navgatory egthnis bhahmgbgat!

3;

87

7;

8;

7

;

8;

3;


61/69


8;. Eo you tjnad tjht tjg so`twhrg usge cy your lobphay ns hllorenam to tjg egsnma hae

agge o` tjg systgb?

Uhcig


62/69


88. ]jht ns tjg prnbg ljhiigamg your lobphay `hlg na rgmhre to navgatory

bhahmgbgat?

Uhcig

bhahmgbgat

Ao o`

rgspoaegats

[grlgathmg

Ihld o` trhnage pro`gssnoahis : 5;

Bhnatgahalg lost 5 3;

Ljhamnam rgqunrgbgat o` lustobgrs 7 37

Otjgr procigbs 3 8;

Eo aot daow / Lhaaot shy 8 ;7

3; 8;;

NA@GSGALG

Ihld o` hvhnihcninty o` trhnage pro`gssnoahis loupige wntj bhnatgahalg lost hae

ljhamnam agges o` tjg lustobgrs hrg pgrlgnvge to cg tjg navgatory ljhiigamgs cg`org

tjg lobphay!

5;

3;

37

8;

7

;

7

8;

87

3;

37

[grlgathmg


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\]OU HAHI^\N\

\USGAMUJ\

8! Bhrdgt ighegrsjnp na tjg eobnahat naeustry sgmbgats indg voithmg sthcninzgrs hae

whtgr jghtgrs!

3! Eyahbnl hae promrgssnvg ighegrsjnp!

5! Ighegrsjnp posntnoa cgnam bhnathnage tjroumj òlusge bhrdgtnam strhtgmngs!

7! Ugljanlhi \upgrnornty!

0! \upgrnor proeult quhinty!

=! \troam crhae gqunty!

:! \troam enstrncutnoa agtword!

>! Xunld rgspoasnvg to bhrdgt agge!

8;! Jnmj loasubgr hae crhae rglhii na h sgasntnvg bhrdgts!

88! Mooe rgihtnoasjnp cgtwgga gbpioyggs hae gbpioygrs!

83! Mooewnii o` tjg ormhanzhtnoa!

8

85! \told ioss ns prhltnlhiiy ani

]GHDAG\\G\

8! Hevgrtnsgbgats hrg nahegquhtg!

3! Iow prgsgalg na Miochi bhrdgt!

5! Ujgrg ns ao su``nlngat gbpioygg òr jousgdggpnam!

7! Ujg hvhnihcninty o` liosge vgjnlig ns vgry igss!

O[[OSUWANUNG\

8! Na tjg agw gloaobnl slgahrno) NU jhs h eobnahat roig hae nt wnii jgip tjg

lobphay to rgeulg ihcour lost hs wgii hs tnbg!

3! [ihaanam to crnam out lobputgrnzge loiour systgb!

UJSGHU\

8! Ha nalrghsg na tjg ìow o` mooes `rob ljghpgr hae lobpgtntnvg sourlgs!

3! Snsnam Lost o` rhw bhtgrnhis!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_regulatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_regulator


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@NAENAM\

8! Gbpioyggs hrg hwhrg hcout Navgatory Bhahmgbgat \ystgb hae tjg prgsgalg o`

Navgatory Bhahmgbgat \ystgb na tjg ormhanzhtnoa!

3! Ujg rgspoaegats `ggi tjht tjgrg ns jnmj rgqunrgbgat `or Navgatory Bhahmgbgat

\ystgb na tjg lobphay!

bhnathna hllouathcninty hae trhasphrgaly!

5! Navgatory Bhahmgbgat \ystgb *NB\. lha jgip to sbootjga opgrhtnoahi

rgqunrgbgat hae to shvg tnbg!

7! Ujg stuey sjows Navgatory Bhahmgbgat \ystgb ns to bhdg storhmg hae

rgtrngvhi o` bhtgrnhi ghsngr hae hiso jgips to nbprovg shigs!

0! Navgatory Bhahmgbgat \ystgb jgips to rgeulg opgrhtnoahi lost!

=! Bost o` tjg rgspoaegats `ggi tjgrg sjouie cg su``nlngat sdniige pro`gssnoahis hs

tjgrg ns h eghrtj o` nt aow!

:! Ujg lobphay jhs h mooe ormhanzhtnoahi strulturg!

>! Ujg proeults o` tjg lobphay hrg daowa `or nts jnmj quhinty sthaehre!


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\WMMG\UNOA\

8! Lobphay sjouie try to nalrghsg nts bhrdgt sjhrg!

3! Ujg lobphay sjouie try to crnam borg sdniige pro`gssnoahis!

5! Ujgy sjouie try to crnam NU nato tjgnr pihat!

7! Ury to crnam lobputgrnzge loiour systgb hs sooa hs possncig hs nt wnii rgeulg

tnbg!

0! Ury to owa `gw liosge vgjnlig hs tjg hvhnihcninty o` tjgb ns vgry igss!


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LOALIW\NOA

P"Muhre Naeustry ns stgheniy gxphaenam gvgry yghr! Nt ns oag o` tjg ighenam

bhau`hlturnam lobphangs na Naenh! Nt sthaes 8st na proeultnoa o` sthcninzgrs! Ujg

lobphay ns aow bhdnam su``nlngat pro`nt gvgry yghr! Ujg whmg systgb tjht prgvhnis na

P"Muhre ns vgry mooe hae tjgrg ns cgttgr wordnam loaentnoa hae naeustrnhi jhrboay

hboam gbpioyggs! Ujg lobphay ns `hlnam lut tjroht lobpgtntnoa `rob gatntngs tjht

bhau`hlturg ljghpgr proeults!

Ujg mohi o` wghitj bhxnbnzhtnoa ns h``gltge cy tjg g``nlngaly wntj wjnlj navgatory ns

bhahmge! Navgatorngs loastntutg hcout 0;' o` lurrgat hssgts o` lobphangs na Naenh!

Ujg bhau`hlturnam lobphangs joie navgatorngs na tjg òrb o` rhw bhtgrnhis) word na

promrgss hae `nansjge mooes! Navgatorngs `hlninthtg sbootj proeultnoa hae shigs

opgrhtnoa *trhashltnoa botnvg.) to muhre hmhnast tjg rnsd o` uaprgenlthcig ljhamgs na

ushmg rhtg hae eginvgry tnbg *prglhutnoahry botnvg. hae to thdg hevhathmg o` prnlg

ìultuhtnoas *spgluihtnvg botnvg.!

Navgatorngs rgprgsgat navgstbgat o` h `nrb„s ùaes! Ujg ocfgltnvgs o` tjg navgatory

bhahmgbgat sjouie cg tjg bhxnbnzhtnoa o` tjg vhiug o` tjg `nrb! Ujgrgòrg tjg `nrb

sjouie loasnegr6

8! Lost 3! Sgtura

Na navgatory bhnatgahalg two typgs o` losts hrg navoivge lhrrynam lost hae oregrnam

lost hae tjg `nrb sjouie bnanbnzg tjg tothi lost *lhrrynam pius oregrnam lost.!Ujg `nrb

òiiows navgatory loatroi tgljanqugs hs H"C"L tgljanqug GOX & FNU tgljanqugs òr

cgttgr joienam navgatorngs!


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Xugstnoaahnrg

\nr / Bhehb

N hb Sojntj Ujhbpn lurrgatiy pursunam CCH `rob Shfhmnrn Loiigmg o` Bhahmgbgat hae

Hppinge slngalgs) Dhddhahe! Hs h phrt o` lurrnluiub) N hb eonam h profglt oa ’H stueyoa Navgatory Bhahmgbgat ht P"Muhre naeustrngs Ite!‒ Dnaeiy loopgrhtg hae rgspoae

snalgrgiy to ghlj qugstnoa! Hii tjg naòrbhtnoa wnii cg dgpt loa`negatnhi hae wnii cg usge

oaiy òr hlhegbnl purposg!

[ighsg haswgr tjg òiiownam qugstnoa6

83. Hrg you hwhrg hcout Navgatory Bhahmgbgat \ystgb?

H. ^gs

C. Ao

L. Eo aot daow / Lhaaot shy

8


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8=. ]jht hllorenam to you ns tjg bhfor cgag`nt o` monam òr ha navgatory bhahmgbgat

systgb cy your lobphay?

H. Nt wnii bhdg storhmg hae rgtrngvhi o` bhtgrnhi ghsngr

C. Nbprovg shigs G``gltnvgagss

L. Sgeulg opgrhtnoahi lostE. Otjgr Cgag`nts

G. Eo aot daow / Lhaaot shy

8:. Eo you jhvg sdniige pro`gssnoahis na your lobphay òr navgatory bhahmgbgat?

H. ^gs

C. Ao


8>. ]jht lhtgmory o` pro`gssnoahis ns bhahmnam your lobphay navgatory?

H. \dniige hae trhnage

C. Oaiy sdniige cut aot trhnage

L. Aoa sdniige cut trhnage pro`gssnoahis

E. Aoa sdniige hae aoa trhnage pro`gssnoahis

G. Otjgrs

3;. Eo you hmrgg tjht your lobphay mnvgs borg gbpjhsns oa so`twhrg tjha sdniige

bhapowgr wntj rgmhre to navgatory bhahmgbgat?

H. \troamiy Hmrgg

C. HmrggL. Enshmrgg

E. \troamiy Enshmrgg


38. Eo you tjnad tjht tjg so`twhrg usge cy your lobphay ns hllorenam to tjg egsnma hae

agge o` tjg systgb?

H. ^gs

C. Ao


33. ]jht ns tjg prnbg ljhiigamg your lobphay `hlg na rgmhre to navgatory bhahmgbgat?

H. Ihld o` trhnage pro`gssnoahis

C. Bhnatgahalg lost

L. Ljhamnam rgqunrgbgats o` lustobgrs

E. Otjgr procigbs


UJHAD ÔW


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Inventory Management System at V-Guard Industries Ltd., Vennala

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Transcript of Inventory Management System at V-Guard Industries Ltd., Vennala