Invasions of “Fortress Europe” - Mr. Tredinnick's ... · Invasions of “Fortress ... •Italy...

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World War II: The Invasions of “Fortress Europe” The Italian and French Campaigns

Transcript of Invasions of “Fortress Europe” - Mr. Tredinnick's ... · Invasions of “Fortress ... •Italy...

Page 1: Invasions of “Fortress Europe” - Mr. Tredinnick's ... · Invasions of “Fortress ... •Italy overthrows Benito Mussolini •Pietro Bagdogilo takes over and immediately negotiates

World War II: The Invasions of “Fortress

Europe”

The Italian and French Campaigns

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Invasion of “Fortress Europe”

The British and Americans land on the Italian Peninsula

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Invasion of Sicily

• Sicily (Operation Husky) July 10-1943

• Three main Goals: – Give the soviets some

breathing space and take the pressure off of them

– Keep the pressure on the Axis powers

– Control the Mediterranean

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Results of Sicily

• Italy overthrows Benito Mussolini

• Pietro Bagdogilo takes over and immediately negotiates a peace with the allies.

• ITALY drops out of WWII

• Allies now decide to invade the Soft Underbelly of Europe = Italy.

– The Germans are invading with force!

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Goal and result of Italy

• Again, Create a second front to help the Russians. – Italy is only successful in

part. Allies get bogged down immediately.

– It did slow down the Germans and required them to use resources.

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The Allies Liberate Rome: June 5, 1944

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Invasion of “Fortress Europe”

The British and Americans land in Normandy

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Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [“Operation Overlord”]

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June 6th 1944

• 3000 landing craft

• 3000 other ships (battleships, destroyers, transports, etc)

• 822 Aircraft

• 13,000 Paratroopers

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The Liberation of Paris: August 25, 1944

De Gaulle in Triumph!

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The End of World War II: Europe

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The Bombing Campaign Heats Up

• Hamburg was Germany’s second largest city in WWII

• Created a “firestorm” of over 1000 degrees – 66,000 Baked alive

– 750,000 people homeless

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Operation Market Garden

• Sept 1944

• General Montgomery’s idea to get into Germany through the Netherlands

• Instead of facing light resistance, Allies faced hardened veterans who were there for a rest.

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The Battle of the Bulge

• THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE

– Surprise German Attack into Belgium

– The Goal: Force allies to sign a truce by repelling them out of Europe

– Germans outnumbered the allies

– Last major German offensive

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Battle of Berlin

• Russians given honor of taking Berlin

• Germans down to very few soldiers

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End of World War II

• Hitler commits suicide April 30th, 1945 with mistress Eva Braun

• May 2nd Fall of the Reichstag

• May 7th, German Army Unconditionally Surrenders

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The End of

World War II:

The Pacific

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Iwo Jima • America’s Bloodiest

land battle of WWII

– Lost 7,000 men

– About 20,000 wounded

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Okinawa

• April 1945

• First attack on a Japanese Home Island

• US Casualties about 40,000

• Japanese Casualties – 150,000 Civilians (33%)

– 100,000 Soldiers (90%)

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Bombing Campaign

• March 1945

• 200+ B-29s dropped incendiaries on Tokyo creating a fire storm

• 80,000 - 120,000 killed

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Hiroshima – August 6, 1945

© 70,000 killed immediately.

© 48,000 buildings. destroyed.

© 100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

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Nagasaki – August 9, 1945

© 40,000 killed immediately.

© 60,000 injured. © 100,000s died of

radiation poisoning & cancer later.

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V-J Day (September 2, 1945)

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Axis Casualties World War II

AXIS MILITARY CIVILIAN TOTAL

GERMANY 3,500,000 700,000 4,200,000

JAPAN 2,000,000 350,000 2,350,000

ROMANIA 300,000 160,000 460,000

HUNGARY 140,000 290,000 430,000

ITALY 330,000 80,000 410,000

AUSTRIA 230,000 104,000 334,000

FINLAND 82,000 2,000 84,000

AXIS TOTAL 6,582,000 1,686,000 8,268,000

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ALLIED MILITARY CIVILIAN TOTAL

SOVIET UNION 10,000,000 10,000,000 * 20,000,000

CHINA 2,500,000 7,500,00 10,000,000

POLAND 100,00 5,700,000 5,800,000

YUGOSLAVIA 300,000 1,400,000 1,700,000

FRANCE 250,000 350,000 600,000

CZECHOSLOVAKIA 200,000 215,000 415,000

UNITED STATES 400,000 — 400,000

UNITED KINGDOM (ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES, AND NORTHERN IRELAND)

326,000 62,000 388,000

NETHERLANDS 12,000 198,000 210,000

GREECE 20,000 140,000 160,000

BELGIUM 12,000 76,000 88,000

CANADA 37,000 — 37,000

INDIA 24,000 13,000 37,000

AUSTRALIA 23,000 12,000 35,000

ALBANIA 28,000 2,000 30,000

BULGARIA 10,000 10,000 20,000

NEW ZEALAND 10,000 2,000 12,000

NORWAY 6,400 3,900 10,300

SOUTH AFRICA 7,000 —

ETHIOPIA 5,000 — 5,000

LUXEMBOURG 5,000 — 5,000

MALTA — 2,000 2,000

DENMARK 400 1,000 1,400

BRAZIL 1,000 — 1,000

ALLIED TOTAL 14,276,800 25,686,900 39,963,700

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Total Deaths

Military Civilian Total

EST. TOTAL 20,858,800 27,372,900 48,231,700