listateofemployerbrandoct122-1351672933073-phpapp01-121031034418-phpapp01 (1)
Introductiontobiotechnology 121204215253-phpapp01
-
Upload
peter-oroiyo -
Category
Education
-
view
44 -
download
0
Transcript of Introductiontobiotechnology 121204215253-phpapp01
k Using scientific methods with organisms to produce new products or new forms of organisms.
k Any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals, or to develop micro-organisms for specific uses.
BIOTECHNOLOGY
k Manipulation of genes is called genetic engineering or recombinant DNA tech-nology.
k Genetic engineering involves taking one or more genes from a location in one or-ganism and either.
k Transferring them to another organ-ism.
k Putting them back into the original organism in different combinations.
BIOTECHNOLOGY
k Cell and Molecular biology.k Microbiology.k Genetics.k Anatomy and Physiology.k Biochemistry.k Engineering.k Computer Science.
Applications of Biotechnology
k Virus-resistant crop plants and livestock.
k Diagnostics for detecting genetic dis-eases and acquired diseases.
k Therapies that use genes to cure dis-eases.
k Recombinant vaccines to prevent dis-ease.
k Biotechnology can also aid the environ-ment.
Applications of Biotechnology
k Computer simulations with virtual reality and other uses help in biotechnology.
k Computer modeling may be done before it is tested with animals.
Computers in Biotech-nology
Goals of Biotechnol-ogy
k To understand more about the processes of inheri-tance and gene expression.
k To provide better understanding & treatment of various diseases, particularly genetic disorders.
k To generate economic benefits, including im-proved plants and animals for agriculture and efficient production of valuable biological molecules.k Example: Vitamin A fortified engineered rice.
Biotechnology Develop-ment
k Ancient biotechnology- early history as related to food and shelter; Includes do-mestication.
k Classical biotechnology- built on ancient biotechnology; Fermentation promoted food production, and medicine.
k Modern biotechnology- manipulates ge-netic information in organism; Genetic engineering.
Fermented food, 1500 BC
k Yeast - fruit juice wine.k Brewing beer - CO2.
k Baking bread, alcohol.k Egyptians used yeast in 1500 B.C.k 1915-1920 Baker’s Yeast.
Classical Biotechnol-ogy
k Describes the development that fermen-tation has taken place from ancient times to the present
k Top fermentation - developed first, yeast rise to top
k 1833 - Bottom fermentation - yeast remain on bottom
k 1886 – Brewing equipment made by E.C. Hansen and still used today
Classical Biotechnology Ad-vances
k Today many things are produced:k Pharmaceutical compounds such as
antibiotics.k Amino Acids .k Many chemicals, hormones, and pig-
ments.k Enzymes with a large variety of uses.k Biomass for commercial and animal
consumption (such as single-cell pro-tein).
Agriculture k Plant breeding to improve resistance to pests, dis-
eases, drought and salt conditions k Mass propagation of plant clones Bioinsecticide de-
velopment modification of plants to improve nutri-tional and processing characteristics
Chemical Industry k Production of bulk chemicals and solvents such as
ethanol, citric acid, acetone and butanol k Synthesis of fine specialty chemicals such as enzymes,
amino acids, alkaloids and antibiotics
Applications
Medicine k Development of novel therapeutic molecules for medi-
cal treatments k Diagnostics k Drug delivery systems k Tissue engineering of replacement organs k Gene therapy
Applications
Applications
Food Industry k Production of bakers' yeast, cheese, yogurt and fer-
mented foods such as vinegar and soy sauce k Brewing and wine making k Production of flavors and coloring agents
Veterinary Practice k Vaccine production k Fertility control k Livestock breeding
Applications
Environmentk Biological recovery of heavy metals from mine tailings
and other industrial sources k Bioremediation of soil and water polluted with toxic
chemicals k Sewage and other organic waste treatment
Future of Medi-cine
k Smart drugs for cancer and autoimmune diseases (arthritis, psoriasis, diabetes).
k Gene-based diagnostics and therapies.k Pharmacogenomics and personalised
medicine.k Stem cells and regenerative medicine.k Health and longevity.
DNA protein
drugs are so complex they can only be synthesized in a living system
the promise of biotech