Introductiont to is_and_mis
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Introduction to
Management of Information Systems(MIS)
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Outline
• Management of Information Technology &
Systems
• Data, Information, Knowledge
• Data, Information, Knowledge and Occupations
• Information Technology and Information System
• Putting on Information System Lenses
• Management Topics, Information Systems, and
Cases
• Organization-Systems Trajectory at Mead-
Westvaco
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Information Systems
Why Do People Need Information?
Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment
Businesses - Decision making, problem solving and control
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Data, Information, and Systems
Data vs. Information
Data A “given,” or fact; a number, a statement, or a
picture Represents something in the real world The raw materials in the production of information
Information Data that have meaning within a context Data in relationships Data after manipulation
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Data, Information,and Systems
Data Manipulation
Example: customer survey Reading through data collected from a customer
survey with questions in various categories would be time-consuming and not very helpful.
When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful information.
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Data, Information,and Systems
Generating Information Computer-based ISs take data as raw
material, process it, and produce information as output.
Figure 1.1 Input-process-output
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Figure 1.2 Characteristics of useful information
Data, Information,and Systems
Information in Context
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Data, Information, and Systems
What Is a System? System: A set of components that work
together to achieve a common goal
Subsystem: One part of a system where the products of more than one system are combined to reach an ultimate goal
Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no contact with other systems
Open system: System that interfaces with other systems
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Data, Information,and Systems
Figure 1.3 Several subsystems make up this corporate accounting system.
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Data, Information,and Systems
Information and Managers
Systems thinking Creates a framework for problem solving and
decision making. Keeps managers focused on overall goals and
operations of business.
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Data, Information,and Systems
Figure 1.5 Qualities of humans and computers that contribute to synergy
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Data, Information,and Systems
The Benefits of Human-Computer Synergy
Synergy When combined resources produce output that
exceeds the sum of the outputs of the same resources employed separately
Allows human thought to be translated into efficient processing of large amounts of data
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Data, Information,and Systems
Figure 1.6 Components of an information system
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Data, Information, and Systems
The Four Stages of Data Processing
Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.
Data processing: Data is manipulated into information using mathematical, statistical, and other tools.
Output: Information is displayed or presented.
Storage: Data and information are maintained for later use.
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Why Study IS?
Information Systems Careers Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning
(ERP), database administrator, telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc.
Knowledge Workers Managers and non-managers Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know
how to use information technology.
Computer Literacy Replacing Traditional Literacy Key to full participation in western
society
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Ethical and Societal Issues
The Not-So-Bright Side Consumer Privacy
Organizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge amounts of data on individuals.
Employee Privacy IT supports remote monitoring of employees,
violating privacy and creating stress.
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Ethical and Societal IssuesThe Not-So-Bright Side
Freedom of Speech IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech,
intellectual property crime, an d other intrusions; prevention may abridge free speech.
IT Professionalism No mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT professionals--
unlike other professions.
Social Inequality Less than 20% of the world’s population have ever used a PC;
less than 3% have Internet access.
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1. Data,2. Information,3. Knowledge
• Relationships – simple just in textbooks
Data (Letters, numbers, graphics…
Representing reality and knowledge)
Information(Data understood,
meaning)
Knowledge(Complex cognitive entity;
cause-effect theories, vocabularies/conceptual
maps, know-how, experience)
Domain of Technology
Domain of Human Brain
More…
• Knowledge is also embedded in computer software! (e.g., math operations in Excel, procedures in Accounting IS, decision trees in Expert Systems)
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In plain English,
• we often do not differentiate between data, information and knowledge,
simply calling it all “information”.
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Data, Information, Knowledge and Occupations
Professionals
Clerks
Information
Know
ledge
Data
Managers
• Where the primary focus of job is.
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• What do we mean by "IT"?
Any tool for manipulating data, information
- electronic: computer software and hardware - our
focus
_Concept of Information Technology (IT)
- paper: documents, filing techniques… - still there, gradually transformed into electronic
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Concept of Information System (IS, system)
Information Technology (IT)
(Computers, Other)
Users(Organizational members:
Managers, Professionals, Clerks)
• Data (organized, meaningful)
• Representations
ofKnowledge
Use Procedure
s
InformationSystem (IS)
Use
Information, Knowledge-----------------
Task, Business ProcessPerform on
Supports
• In plain English, we often do not differentiate between data, information and knowledge, simply calling it all “information”.• We often use term “technology” to refer to either IT or IS.
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Putting on Information System Lenses
EBrainstorm
• What is the frequent (or important) task or process you work on?
• What information is part of your work?
• Is something missing in your information/technology?
First part ofAnalytical Processaddressed
• How is this information supported by technology?
.
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Management of Information Technology & Systems
• Management of information technology (IT) and information systems
(IS, systems) is similar to “Management Information Systems” (MIS): Utilizing IT/IS and information these support to solve business problems and support organizational performance.
More…
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• MIS is about managing IT/IS to accomplish- Strategic goals (organizational effectiveness),
and - Operational objectives (efficiency/productivity in daily operations)
• Two levels of analysis:
- IT/IS as asset, “strategic weapon”, “nervous system” (strategic level) vs. tool, commodity (operational level)
Management of Information Technology & Systems
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• Electronic Commerce (Buying & selling via Internet), Demand pull; Sales & manufacturing systems innovation and integration, Supply chain systems innovation
• Knowledge management, communication, hierarchy “demise”;
Communication and Document management systems innovation
• Efficiency & effectiveness driven organizational change, Teamwork,
internal/external process improvement, any time/space-operations; groupware, distributed systems, computer networks, enterprise systems, transaction processing/reporting systems
Management Topics , Information Systems, and Cases
Compaq/
Dell,
Healthcare
Exchange
DrKW,
Accenture
Mapping intoOur Teaching Cases:
Xerox HK,
Clearwater,
PPC, MNP
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Putting MIS Themes Together
IT (Computer Software & Hardware)
Data (organized, meaningful)
Procedures of Handling IT and Data
Professionals,Clerks, Managers
Adopt, Use
SystemDesign & Development
Provide SystemRequirements
• Define strategic and operational targets, and role of technology
• Manage people, work, time and money in system use, development, and adoption• Evaluate relationships b/w Users--System and System--Organizational Performance
IS Dept.
Design & Build
Vendors
Managers:
Task, Proces
s---
Infor-matio
n
Productivity?
StrategyAccomplishment?
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Warning : Ethical and Societal Issues
The Not-So-Bright Side Consumer Privacy
Organizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge amounts of data on individuals.
Employee Privacy IT supports remote monitoring of employees,
violating privacy and creating stress.
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Ethical and Societal IssuesThe Not-So-Bright Side
Freedom of Speech IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech,
intellectual property crime, an d other intrusions; prevention may abridge free speech.
IT Professionalism No mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT professionals--
unlike other professions.
Social Inequality Less than 20% of the world’s population have ever used a PC;
less than 3% have Internet access.
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Questions ?
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