Introduction to this meetingK. ShibataKwasan ObservatoryKyoto UnversityCAWSES space weather meeting, 11-12 Sep 2004, Beijing

contentsWhat is CAWSES ? (based on Dr. Basuppt in Sapporo 2003 and in Paris 2004)Space weather research: from solar physics point of view (based on Shibatas ppt in Sapporo 2003)

CAWSES: Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth SystemSunanda BasuChair, CAWSES Science Steering Committee

Presented by M. Geller

CAWSES Bureau and General MeetingSapporo, 12 and 13 July 2003

CAWSESClimate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System

The New SCOSTEP Program for 2004-2008 Composite picture created at NOAA-NGDC by Dr. Peter Sloss from SKYLAB solar X-ray telescope picture by Naval Research Laboratory and bathymetry and topography databases archived at NGDC.

StrategyCollect data records to document with increasing fidelity various aspects of the Sun-Earth system.Use physically based models for assimilating observed data and deriving enhanced outputs for segments of the solar-terrestrial system.Mobilize SCOSTEP researchers to work together to understand variability throughout the entire solar-terrestrial system.

CAWSES Meetings - Past & FutureFirst CAWSES SSG Meeting held at Maastricht, The Netherlands on August 24-25, 2002Four themes approved by SCOSTEP Bureau at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept 28-30, 2002 Theme leaders presented their plans at a Town Hall Meeting on April 8, 2003 during the EGS/AGU Joint Assembly in Nice, France A special CAWSES Meeting was held on July 5, 2003 in conjunction with the IUGG Meeting at Sapporo, JapanMembership of the thematic groups was considered at the Sapporo MeetingElection of new SCOSTEP Executives and presentation of CAWSES Reports at Sapporo on July 12 and 13.

Four Themes under CAWSES Climatology of the Sun-Earth SystemSolar Influence on ClimateSpace Weather: Science and ApplicationsAtmospheric Coupling Processes

2. Space Weather: Science and Applications Co-Chair- Janet Kozyra, U. of Michigan, USACo-Chair - K. Shibata, Kyoto University, Japan Proposed campaign framework that views the whole earth as an instrument for making key space weather observations. CAWSES could:Recruit and coordinate needed observing sites Identify and collaborate with major programs worldwide (Spaceship Earth, Intermagnet, GEDAS, CNOFS, etc.)Set up website and needed technology in collaboration with other programs like ILWS, eGY, etc.Organize world-wide analysis campaigns on particular themes or for selected events(from NICE Mtg.)

2. Space Weather: Science and ApplicationsImpacts on space technology and operationsEffects on humans in space Telecommunications interruptionsVulnerability of Earth-surface systemsNavigation upsetsEffects on high-altitude aircraft passengers and crewModel development through quantitative understanding of multi-scale coupling in the Sun-Earth system(from NICE Mtg.)

2. Space Weather: Science and ApplicationsPotential Worldwide Campaigns Predictive Models of the Space EnvironmentPost event analysis to test predictive models Analysis of physical processes that occurred & reasons predictions succeeded or failedTest research models against operational predictionsDocument Actual Effects on Life & Society for Events Power grid loadingSatellite anomaliesCommunications problemsSun-to-Earth Analysis Campaigns for Selected EventsCoordinate CAWSES worldwide maps with other satellite and ground-based data to create global view of events Coordinate efforts of worldwide research community to analyze and interpret comprehensive data setsApply new knowledge of complex system to understanding & predicting space weather effects on society (from NICE Mtg)

2. Space Weather: Science & Applications Working Group Panel: Janet Kozyra (USA), Kazunari Shibata (Japan) Possible Members: Walter Gonzalez (Brazil), Rainer Schwenn (Germany), A.A. Petrukovich (Russia), Wei Feng Xi (China), R. Sridharan (India), Alain Hilgers (Netherlands)

2.1 Solar Processes Producing Space Weather

2.2 Sun-Earth System Elements and Linkages that determine the severity of space weather disturbances

Space Weather: Science & Applications (cont.)2.3 Space Weather Data Product Implementation2.3(a) One-Earth data set analysis and integrationSolar H- (an initial effort) - TBDMagnetometers (an initial effort) - Ian Mann (Canada), Brian Fraser (Australia), Valodya Papitashvili (USA), Kazuo Shiokawa (210 chain Japan), INTERMAGNET, Russia?, Denmark?, Mark Moldwin (USA)GPS ionospheric data - Tony Mannucci (USA), TBDNeutral winds, sprites and jets, and gravity waves(collaboration with Theme-3)2.3(b) "One-Earth" Information Technology(e.g. Virtual Observatory, GEDAS, SPIDR, ...)

Perspectives on CAWSESCAWSES is an ambitious program that builds on and leverages the broad SCOSTEP programs STEP and S-RAMP and more specialized Post-STEP programs. CAWSES is particularly timely. Successful implementation of CAWSES will provide an integrated scientific framework for solar-terrestrial research in the future, and provide an informed basis for guiding later programs under different solar conditions and changing anthropogenic influences and as made necessary by new human institutions and technological advances.

CAWSES: Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System

Sunanda BasuChair, Science Steering Committee,CAWSES

CAWSES/SCOSTEP MeetingParis, FranceJuly 16-17, 2004

SCOSTEPPresident: M. A. GellerVice-president: S. T. WuScientific Secretary: J. H. AllenS. K. Avery (URSI) W. Baumjohann (IAGA)R. Fujii (COSPAR)B. Schmieder (IAU)F. W. Sluijter (IUPAP)T. Tsuda (IAMAS)M. Candidi (SCAR)

SCOSTEPs mission: to implement research programs in solar-terrestrial physics that benefit from international participation and that involve at least two ICSU bodies. SCOSTEP Bureau

CAWSES Scientific Steering Group Chair: Sunanda Basu, BU, USA Jean-Louis Bougeret, CNRS, FranceJoanna Haigh, Imperial College, UKYohsuke Kamide, STEL, JapanArthur Richmond, NCAR, USAC.-H. Liu, NCU, Taiwan Lev Zelenyi, IKI, Russia P. Duggirala, Scientific CoordinatorL. Vercauteren, Program Admin.

Theme 1: Solar Influence on ClimateCo-Chairs: Michael Lockwood (UK) and Lesley Gray (UK)

WG 1.1: Assessment of Evidence for Solar Influence on ClimateJuerg Beer (Switzerland), William Russow (USA), Ilya Usoskin (Russia), Judith Lean (USA), Gerard Thuillier (France), Gerry North (USA), Peter Stott (UK), Warren White (USA), Lon Hood (USA), Karin Labitzke (Germany), Augusto Mangini (Germany)

WG 1.2: Investigation of Mechanisms for Solar Influence on ClimateUlrich Cubasch (Germany), Gerry Meehl (USA), Kuni Kodera (Japan), R. Garcia (USA), David Rind (USA), Mark Baldwin (USA), Charles Jackman (USA), Jon Kristjansson (Norway) and Giles Harrison (UK)Theme 2: Space Weather Science & ApplicationsCo-Chairs: Janet Kozyra (USA) and Kazunari Shibata (Japan)Santimay Basu (USA), Walter Gonzalez (Brazil), Nat Gopalswamy (USA), A. T. Kobea (Ivory Coast), Anatoly Petrukovich (Russia), Rainer Schwenn (Germany), Wei Feng Si (China) and R. Sridharan (India)

Theme 3: Atmospheric Coupling ProcessesCo-Chairs: Franz-Josef Luebken (Germany) and Joan Alexander (USA)WG 3.1: Dynamical Coupling and its Role in the Energy and Momentum Budget of the Middle AtmosphereMartin Mlynczak (USA), William Ward (Canada), David Fritts (USA), Nikolai Gavrilov (Russia), S. Gurubaran (India), Maura Hagan (USA), J. Y. Liu (Taiwan), Alan Manson (Canada), Dora Pancheva (UK), Kauro Sato (Japan), Kazuo Shiokawa (Japan), Hisao Takahashi (Brazil), Robert Vincent (Australia) and Yi Fan (China) WG 3.2: Coupling via Photochemical Effects on Particles and Minor Constituents in the Upper AtmosphereCharles Jackman (USA), Ulf Hoppe (Norway), Manuel Lopez-Puertas (Spain), Daniel Marsh (USA), James Russell (USA), David Siskind (USA)WG 3.3: Coupling by Electrodynamics including Ionospheric Magnetospheric ProcessesSteve Cummer (USA), Peter L. Dyson (Australia), Inez S. Batista (Brazil), Archana Bhattacharya (India), Jorge Chau (Peru), Martin Fullekrug (Germany), Gang Lu (USA), Roland Tsunoda (USA), and M. Yamamoto (Japan) WG 3.4: Long-Term Trends in Coupling Processes (inter-connected with 4.4)

Theme 4: Space ClimatologyCo-Chairs: Claus Froehlich (Switzerland) and Jan Sojka (USA)

WG 4.1: Solar Irradiance VariabilityJudit Pap (USA) and Gerard Thuillier (France)WG 4.2: Heliosphere Near EarthLeif Svalgaard (USA)WG 4.3: Radiation Belt ClimatologyTakahiro Obara (Japan)WG 4.4: Long-Term trends in Ionospheric and Upper-Atmospheric Variability (inter-connected with 3.4)M. Jarvis (UK) and John Emmert (USA)

Space weather research:from solar physics point of viewK. ShibataKwasan ObservatoryKyoto University2003 July 5 at Sapporo, IUGG

ContentsSolar physics and space weatherScience issueFuture strategyMeetingInternational collaborationGround-based observationsSpace observations Numerical simulations

Solar physics and space weatherTraditionally, solar physicists have not been interested in space weather. And, still now.This is very bad.One of the important purposes of our activity is to encourage closer communication between solar physicists and geophysicists.

Why solar physicists are notinterested in space weather ?

The distance between the Sun and the Earth became much shorter in these 10 yearsCommon physical proccesses began to be discussed by two communitiesMagnetic reconnectionParticle acceleration.Observations of CME significantly developed so that we can now discuss the Sun, solar wind, magnetosphere, and atmospheric phenomena with almost continuos data.

solar corona observed by Yohkoh Soft X-ray~1 keV)2MK-10MK

Magnetic reconnectionin solar flares

Magnetic reconnection inthe Earths tail

outer corona, solar wind, and CME observed with SOHO/LASCO

Solar wind observations(Kojima et al.)

From Jacksons homepage

One good exmapleA giant arcade on April 14, K. Shibata reported this arcade event in Yokoh gbo email, suggesting gigantic mass ejectionsA. McAllister read the gbo email and realized the possibility of a big magnetospheric substorm, and informed it to the electric power company of ChicatoThe company prepared by removing big transformer (~ 5 - 10 M$)Two days later, actually a big substorm occurred, but the transformer was safe !The company thanked US government, US government thanked NASA, NASA thanked Yohkoh team, Yohkoh team thanked me.

Important subjects in solar physicsTriggering and energy storage mechanisms of solar flares and coronal mass ejectonsCoronal heating mechanismSolar wind acceleration mechanismOrigin of magnetic field (dynamo)Origin of solar luminosity variationall are important subjects for space weather research

Future meetingsICSC (Gopalswamy)A session in 1st asia oceania geophysics meeting at Singapore in 2004 (Shibata)CosparIAU many

proposal from the international Solar Cycle Studies (ISCS)community by GopalswamyCAWSES Project: Theme 2: Space Weather: Science and ApplicationsProject title: Sources of Geomagnetic ActivityMain topics for investigation:1. Solar sources: Coronal Mass Ejections, Coronal Holes, Large-scale Magnetic structures and boundaries, Polar magnetic fields2. Structure of the Heliosphere and interplanetary transport of solar eruptions3. Solar energetic ions and electrons4. Geospace Response to solar events

Sources of Geomagnetic Activity (continued)Project team (to be completed):-------------------------------N. Gopalswamy (USA, Chair)B. V. Jackson (USA)V. Obridko (Russia)A. Prigancova (Slovakia)B. Schmieder (France)K. Shibasaki (Japan)D. Webb (USA, IAU Rep.)S. T. Wu (USA)....

Proposed schedule:-----------------Small meeting in 2004Large meeting in 2005 (during the SCOSTEP Symposium)

Proposal for Scientific Sessions of the First ASIA-OCEANIAGEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY Annual Meeting, July 5-9, 2004,title: Solar Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections OrganizerK. ShibataS. T. WuB. C. LowC. Fang

International collaboration project on ground-based observations #1To put small H-alpha telescopes (H-alpha center, +- 0.8A) at Japan, China, India, Europe, USA to enable continuous full-Sun observations of mass motion associated with flares and CMEs.

0.3 - 2 M$

Flare Monitoring Telescope(Hida Obs., Kyoto Univ.)Images of flares and prominence eruptions are now open throughhttp://www.kwasan.kyoto-u.ac.jp/Hida/FMT/

Full Sun HH0.8, continuum image On video (2sec cadence) and CD-ROM(1min) with 4.2 arcsec pixelH + 0.8 A HObservations64mm aperture

Moreton wavesflare associated waves observed in H (Moreton 1960)chromospheric manifestation of fast mode MHD shocks in the corona (Uchida 1968)HcenterH+0.8A,-0.8A

International collaboration project on ground-based observations #2

To put vector magnetograph telescopes at Japan, China, India, Europe, USA to enable continuous full-Sun observations of photospherc vector magnetic field.

=> now constructing 20cm-25cm full Sun vector magnetograph telescope at Hida observatory of Kyoto Unversity. < 4M$

New ground-based telescope: SMART (Hida Observatory of Kyoto University, 2003 - ) observing full Sun Halpha and vector magnetic fields every 1 minutesH alpha imageVector magnetic fieldSMART (solar magnetic activity research telescope)consisting of 4 (two 25 cm and two 20 cm) telescopes

Solar-B Mission Japan-US-UK collaboration 2006- Solar Optical Telescope (SOT)X-Ray Telescope (XRT)EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS)

Science objectivescoronal heatingcoronal dynamics and structureelementary processes such as reconnectionemerging flux and dynamo

Other space missions

Numerical simulation projectsInternational collaboration on development of useful MHD/hybrid/particle code and visualization software now we are developing CANS (Coordinated Astronomical Numerical Simulation code; by Matsumoto, Yokoyama, et al. )International school for (space weather) simulation now domestic astro-MHD simulation summer school (2002 September every year)7th International Space Simulation School ISSS7 at Kyoto, 2005 Mar. 26-31

Futue space weather meetingsIn Japan2004 Nov. 24-26 space weather meeting at Hamamatsu (with Kozyra)2005 Apr. 4-6 CAWSES meeting at Tokyo (with Akasofu and many foreigners)

In Europe2005 July 18-25 IAGA/IUGG at France

Electronic ProceedingsWe will make electronic proceeding including ppt files

If you agree, please send your ppt file to me.

Thank you.