Introduction to the Old Testament Prophetic Writings
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Transcript of Introduction to the Old Testament Prophetic Writings
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Introduction to the Old Testament
Prophetic Writings
15 April 2008
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Prophecy in the Bible The Bible includes about 10,000 prophecies
About 1/3 of the Bible is directly or indirectly related to prophecy
51 of the Bible's 66 books were written by people called prophets or who made prophetic statements or had visions or dreams inspired by God
57 of the books mention prophets 49 contain prophecies 47 show fulfilled prophecies
All 66 books are somehow related to prophets or prophecy
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Old Testament Prophets Oral prophets – left no records that survived
Nathan, Iddo, Jehu, Elijah, Elisha, …
Writing prophets – left writing that survived
Major – Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel
Minor – had shorter writings – Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi
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O.T. Prophets’ Ministry Foretelling – telling what God was going to do
Forth-telling
Exposed sinful practices
Urged people to obey the Law & trust God
Warned the people of coming judgment
Anticipated the coming Messiah
Offered a future hope
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O.T. Prophets’ Qualifications
Called by God
Could not just be a good guesser
Had to be 100% accurate
If what a prophet proclaims in the name of the Lord does not take place or come true, that is a message the LORD has not spoken. That prophet has spoken presumptuously. Do not be afraid of him.
– Dt. 18:22 NIV
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The Law and the Prophets
“Do not think that I came to destroy the Law or the Prophets. I did not come to destroy but to fulfill.” (Mt. 5:17 NKJV)
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Hebrew Bible (Tanakh)
The Law Torah
The Prophets Nevi’im
The Writings Ketuvim
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The Law Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
The Former Prophets
Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings
The Latter Prophets
Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekieland the Twelve Prophets
The Writings
Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Song of Solomon, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel,Ezra-Nehemiah, Chronicles
Hebrew Bible (Tanakh)
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Prophetic Writings Before the Exile
Author Background Dates AudienceWorld Power
Theme Ch.
Obadiah Unknown 848-841 Edom Assyria Doom of Edom 1
Joel Unknown 835 Judah Assyria Coming judgment 3
Jonah Unknown 782-753 Assyria AssyriaSalvation to Gentiles
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Prophetic Writings Before the Exile
Author Background Dates AudienceWorld Power
Theme Ch.
Amos Farmer 760-753 Israel AssyriaJudgment on Israel
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HoseaCitizen of Israel
755-715 Israel Assyria Loyal love of God 14
IsaiahNoble, scholar
740-680 Judah AssyriaSalvation is of the Lord
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Micah Unknown 735-700 Judah AssyriaInjustice and justice
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Prophetic Writings Before the Exile
Author Background Dates AudienceWorld Power
Theme Ch.
Nahum Unknown 664-654 Assyria AssyriaDestruction of Nineveh
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Jeremiah Priest 627-580 JudahAssyria & Babylonia
Coming judgment 57
Zephaniah Unknown 632-628 Judah BabyloniaThe Day of the Lord
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Habakkuk Unknown 609-605 Judah BabyloniaThe just shall live by faith
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Prophetic Writings During the Exile
Author Background Dates Audience World Power Theme Ch.
Daniel Civil servant 605-535Jews in Babylonia
Babylon & Medo-Persia
Sovereignty of God 12
Ezekiel Unknown 593-571Jews in Babylonia
Babylon Glory of the Lord 48
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Prophetic Writings After the Exile
Author Background Dates AudienceWorld Power
Theme Ch.
Haggai Unknown 520Jews in Jerusalem
Medo-Persia
Rebuilding the temple
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Zechariah Unknown 520-480Jews in Jerusalem
Medo-Persia
Future blessing for Israel
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Malachi Unknown 432-424Jews in Jerusalem
Medo-Persia
Appeal to backsliders
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