Introduction to the Microsoft .NET Framework

8/14/2019 Introduction to the Microsoft .NET Framework

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Introduction to the

Microsoft .NET Framework

Chris Wastchak

Student Ambassador to Microsoft


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What is the .NET Framework

A new computing platform designed to

simplify application development

A consistent object-oriented programming

environment

A code-execution environment that:

Minimizes software deployment and versioning

conflicts Eliminates the performance problems of scripted

or interpreted environments


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Primary Components of .NET

.NET Framework Class Libraries

Object-oriented collection of reusable types

Sits on-top of the Common Language Runtime

Common Language Runtime (CLR)

Manages code execution at runtime

Memory management, thread management, etc.

Code designed for the CLR is referred to asManaged Code


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Managed execution in the Common Language Runtime (CLR)

Managed Code

Common Language

Runtime (CLR)

Win32 OS

Requests for existing

features, such as opening

a file, mediated by CLR

New CLR-only features,

such as garbage collection


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Operating SystemOperating System

Common Language Runtime (CLR)

Inside the .NET Framework

Base Framework

Data and XML

Web Services User Interface

VB C++ C#

ASP.NET

J# Python

Secure, integrated class

libraries

Unifies programming models

across languages

Enables cross-languageintegration

Factored for extensibility

Designed for tools

Common Language

Runtime

Executes code, maintains

security, handles component

plumbing and dependencies

ASP.NET

High-productivity environment for

building and running Web

services


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One Runtime For Many Languages

CLR is an open standard Any language can make use of CLR services

Any language can use classes written in any

other language

Any language can inherit classes written in any

other language


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AdaAda

APLAPL Basic (Visual Basic)Basic (Visual Basic)

C#C#

CC

C++C++ Java LanguageJava Language

COBOLCOBOL

Component PascalComponent Pascal

(Queensland Univ of Tech)(Queensland Univ of Tech) ECMAScript (JScript)ECMAScript (JScript)

Eiffel (Eiffel (MonashMonashUniversity)University)

HaskellHaskell(Utrecht University)(Utrecht University)

Current List of Language Compilers lcclcc

(MS Research Redmond)(MS Research Redmond)

MondrianMondrian (Utrecht)(Utrecht)

MLML(MS Research Cambridge)(MS Research Cambridge)

MercuryMercury

(Melbourne U.)(Melbourne U.) OberonOberon

(Zurich University)(Zurich University)

Oz (Oz (Univ of Saarlandes)Univ of Saarlandes)

SmallTalkSmallTalk PythonPython

SchemeScheme(Northwestern U.)(Northwestern U.)

PerlPerl


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.NET Framework Class Libraries

Sit on top of the CLR

Reusable types that tightly integrate with the

CLR

Object oriented inheritance, polymorphism,

etc.

Provide functionality for ASP.NET, XML Web

Services, ADO.NET, Windows Forms, basicsystem functionality (IO, XML, etc.)


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The Common Language Runtime

Code that targets the CLR is referred to as

managed code

All managed code has the features of the CLR

Object Oriented

Cross-language integration

Cross language exception handling

Multiple version support (no more DLL Hell)


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The CLR manages object layout and references to

objects

Objects whose lifetimes are managed by the CLR are

referred to as Managed Data Automatic memory management reduces memory

leaks

In managed code you can use:

Managed Data Unmanaged data

Both


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All CLR-compliant compilers use a common type

system

Allows for cross-language inheritance

Passing object instances across language barriers

Invoking methods across language barriers

Managed components expose metadata

Metadata includes

Resources component was compiled against

Information about types and dependencies (no more

RegServ32)


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Managed Execution Process

public void Fill()

{

DotNetJunkies.StudyGroupPortal.Data.EventDB eDB= new DotNetJunkies.StudyGroupPortal.Data.EventDB();

//Create a data reader

IDataReader reader = eDB.GetEventByGuid(_guid);

//Advance to the first record in the reader

reader.Read();//Populate this instance of the Event class

this.CreateEvent(ref reader);

//Close the reader

reader.Close();}

MSIL

Language Specific Compiler


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Microsoft Intermediate Language

Managed code is compiled to MSIL

CPU-independent set of instructions

Loading, storing, initializing and calling methods

Arithmetic and logical operations, etc.

Control flow, exception handling, direct memory

access


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Just-In-Time Compiling

Assemblies are compiled to native code by a

Just-In-Time compiler (JITer)

Compiled assemblies include metadata

No Type Libraries or Interface Definition

Language (IDL)


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AssemblyAssembly

Compilation And Execution

SourceSource

CodeCodeLanguageLanguage

CompilerCompiler

CompilationCompilation

Before installation orBefore installation or

the first time eachthe first time each

method is calledmethod is calledExecutionExecution

JITJITCompilerCompiler

NativeNativeCodeCode

CodeCode(IL)(IL)

MetadataMetadata


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Just-In-Time Compiling

All assemblies must be compiled to nativecode before executing

JIT compilers are built into the CLR for every

supported CPU architecture JIT compilers convert MSIL to native on

demand

Resulting native code is stored for reuse

JIT compiling occurs for each method afterthe application is restarted


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Summary

.NET Framework is a code execution platform

.NET Framework consists of two primary parts: .NET

Class Libraries, Common Language Runtime

All CLR-compliant compilers support the commontype system

Managed code is object oriented

Managed code is compiled to an assembly (MSIL) by

language specific compiler Assemblies are compiled to native code by JIT

compiler


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Questions?

Introduction to the Microsoft .NET Framework

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