Introduction to Telecommunication Network€¦ · · 2016-09-11S ubs c ribe r S ubs c ribe r a ....
Transcript of Introduction to Telecommunication Network€¦ · · 2016-09-11S ubs c ribe r S ubs c ribe r a ....
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Fathur AB
Anin A
Afif A
Hari A
Gary A
Dhika AB
April AB
Mulya AB
Rizka B
Dion AB
Siska AB
Mirel AB
Hani AB
Airita AB
Yusuf AB
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Public Switch Telephone Network Backbone – Routing – Numbering
Course Number : TTH2A3
CLO : 1
Week : 3
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(preview) Topologies
LE
LE
LE
LE
LE
SubscriberSubscriber Subscriber
Subscriber
Subscriber
Subscriber
SubscriberSubscriber
Subscriber
Subscriber
a. Mesh Network
LE
LE
LE
LE
LE
TE
Subscriber
Subscriber
Subscriber
SubscriberSubscriber
Subscriber
Subscriber
Subscriber
SubscriberSubscriber
b. Star Network
LE
LE
LE
LE
LE
TE
Subscriber
Subscriber Subscriber
Subscriber
Subscriber
SubscriberSubscriber
Subscriber
Subscriber
Subscriber
c. Composite Network
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Topology: Case Study USA
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Topology: Case Study Indonesia
Telkom Bell
International Gateway Class 1
Subscriber
End office Class 5
Primary Center (trunk/tandem) Class 4
Secondary Center (trunk) Class 3
Tertiary Center Class 2
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Topology: Case Study Indonesia
Ring F
Ring A
MDN
Ring B
Ring C
Ring E
Ring D
Den
JemMal
SB2Mad
SB1
CRB
JKT3
JKT2
SMR
SOL
BDGJKT4
MKS
AmbMen
BJM
BPPPTK
BDL
PG
PTK
BA
PKB
BTM
PD
SGI
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Switching
The ITU-T defines switching as:
• "the establishing, on demand, of an individual connection from a desired inlet to a desired outlet within a set of inlets and outlets for as long as is required for the transfer of information".
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Manual Exchange
• Call establishment through operator
• Not enough privacy
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Strowger Exchange
• The first automatic (mechanical) exchange
• Founded by Almon Brown Strowger (1839 – 1902)
• Usually called as Step-by-step exchange
• No need of operator
• One selector = one digit of phone number
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Strowger Exchange
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Crossbar Switch
• Electro-mechanical switch by using relay contact
• Instead of using direct progressive control, in common control all numbers are stored in register. This numbers are used to establish a call by activating several relay. This activation is done by marker
• Marker will become SPC (Stored Program Control)
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Crossbar Switch
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Call Setup
Seizure(off-hook)
Ringing
tone
Ringing
current
Backward clear (on-hook)
Dial tone
Address digit(B-number)
Answer(off-hook)
Forward clear
(on-hook)
- Identification of calling subscriber
- Allocation of storage
address digits and
- Connection of common
equipment
- Disconnection of
dialtone
- Digit analysis and
search of B sub
- Switch path set
- Disconnection of
equipment
EXCHANGE
C O N V E R S A T I O N
Supervision
111012
BA
12
3
4
6
7a 7b
8
5
9
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Dialing (DTMF = Dual Tone Multi Frequency)
Dialler Ringer
Cradle switch unit
RecMic
EXCHANGE
4 witre
to
2 wire
hybrid
Tekan tombol
(angka 3)
On-hook
Frekuensi (f)100 100
Vab
Off-hook
697 1477
1 2 3 A
4 5 6 B
7 8 9 C
* 0 # D
697 Hz
770 Hz
852 Hz
941 Hz
12
09
Hz
14
77
Hz
13
36
Hz
16
33
Hz
Key pad
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Numbering
A=6
A=7
A=2 A=3
A=5 A=4
A=9
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Numbering Pattern
ITU-T : E.164
Country Code
(CC)Nat. Dest. Code
(NDC)
Subscriber Number
(SN)
National Significant Number1-3 digit
International Number
(max: 15 digit)
NDC
Geographical
Not Geographical
area code
network access
code / service
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Special Number
• Emergency 3 digit code, such as 110, 111, 113, and 118
• Special service, such as 108 and 109
• International Gateway, such as 001 and 007
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See you on next class