Introduction to Stormwater BMP's in North Carolina
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Transcript of Introduction to Stormwater BMP's in North Carolina
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The Good, the Badand the Muddy!
Kurt BlandBland Landscaping Company
*with slides provided by NCSU
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Building and Facility Owners
Facility Managers Elected Officials Environmentalists Saltwater Fishermen Freshwater Fishermen Hoteliers Hospitality Workers Tax Payers
Parents Grandparents Surfers Water-skiers Boaters Farmers Drinking well users Scientists Healthcare providers Trout fishermen Water drinkers!
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Stormwater BMP Maintenance & Inspection
Second largest estuary in the U.S.
The Outer Banks barrier islands restrict outflow of run-off
Runoff gets trapped and pollutants cause problems like Red Tide
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Here in the Triad, we sit at the edge of one of the most precious resources in
the country. Our actions do matter!
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They prevent this type of “stream” from carrying pollutants into our drinking water supply and our marine estuaries.
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Trout require:◦ High oxygen levels◦ Clean water◦ Cool water
Stormwater runoff:◦ Contains sediment that kills forage and clogs their
gills◦ Is proven to have a higher temperature than trout
adapt to◦ Contains high nutrient loads that disrupt
ecosystem functions and reduce water quality
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This is a NASA image of Hurricane Floyd, taken September 15th, 1999.
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Where did they go?
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The left is the Neuse River, the Right is the Trent River. Both areas were flooded, but one has a highly developed watershed and the other has a more
natural watershed.
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The convergence of the Pamlico Sound with the Atlantic Ocean. Remember, the Pamlico is one of the most sensitive estuaries in the United States. Our sounds are second only to the Chesapeake in size and importance. The fish
that breed here are consumed by humans and are forage for key species such as Blue Fin Tuna, Tarpon, and Humpback Whales to name a few.
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By treating stormwater on site, we lessen the effect of flash and we retain more of the pollutants?
Would they have contained twelve inches of rain?◦ No, not all of it, but when managing floods, the
amount of impervious surface in a watershed is an important factor.
◦ As our state population grows, and more of our forested lands are disturbed, we lose natural ecosystem benefits and have to recreate them.
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GREEN (ALIVE) GRAY (DEAD)
Grassy swales that cleanse run-off and absorb nutrients.
LID Curbless streets to promote sheet-flow.
Constructed Wetlands that mimic nature.
Rain Gardens/ Bioretetnion Cells that soak up run-off.
Rainwater Harvesting to use for irrigation.
Riparian Buffers to slow the flow.
On-site treatment of quality and quantity.
Rip-rap swales. Curb and Gutter
funneling. Reinforced Concrete Pipe
to move water quickly. Culverts to ditches or
streams that accelerate flash flooding.
Massive regional infrastructure that make private issues public.
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Hydrology Botany Biology Horticulture Wetland Ecology Soil Science Plumbing Grading
Design Vegetation
Management Pest Management Labor Management Equipment
Resources Trained and
Certified Personnel
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Specialized landscape and site features designed to manage stormwater quantity and quality.
Structural, vegetative or management practices used to protect and improve our surface and groundwater.
Landscape system that treats, stores and reduces stormwater runoff.
These systems treat the stormwater run-off problem at the source and reduce the propensity of streams and rivers to “flash”.
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Wet ponds Stormwater
wetlands Bioretention cell
or raingarden Level Spreader Permeable
pavement Green roofs Rainwater
Cisterns
Dry detention basins
Grassy swales Sand filters Riparian buffers Infiltration
devices Cartridge filters
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Clean Water Act of 1972 (Enabling legislation) Phase I began in 1990 for 6 communities in
NC with +100k persons Phase II began in 1999 for all MS4
communities but was stalled until 2006 with passage of Session Law 2006-246 (MS4 = Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems)
NC DENR, DWQ rules◦ http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/su/
NPDES_Phase_II_Stormwater_Program.htm Local Municipalities interpret and
enforce the legislation. This is where it gets confusing!
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http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/index.cfm?action=factsheet_results&view=specific&bmp=91
Excellent information about how to budget maintenance and repair.
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EPA Storm Water Penalty Authority◦ EPA may seek up to $32,500 per day per violation◦ Current maximum for an Administrative Penalty
Complaint is $152,500◦ Penalties above $152,500 are sought through a
judicial referral to the Department of Justice◦ Historically applied to construction sites, but has
also been used in MS4 violations. (MS4 = Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems)
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EPA, the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Delaware, and the States of Utah and Tennessee entered into a consent decree in September 2005 with Wal-Mart to resolve storm water violations at its store construction sites across the country.
Under the terms of the consent decree, Wal-Mart will be required to use qualified personnel to oversee construction, conduct training and frequent inspections, report to EPA and take quick corrective actions. Wal-Mart will also pay a $3.1 million civil penalty to the United States, Tennessee and Utah, and spend $250,000 on an environmental project to protect sensitive wetlands or waterways in one of nine affected states.
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Doesn’t hold water for proper draw down time (24 – 72 hours)
No machinery access to slopes Slopes were sloughing off, causing
more erosion Spotty coverage of green plant
material Cost $11,000 to fix
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Good access Items found included diapers, a CD
case, yard clippings from the neighbor and a TV remote control
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Nearly impossible access Dead plants Too many of the wrong plants Too overgrown – tree growing in inlet
area Not enough grass on slopes
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Plants require special care and selective removal◦ no trees on pond dams, ◦ no cattails, ◦ right plant-right place◦ high marsh versus low marsh
Goose control – limit open water and line of site. Geese fear predators on the bank.
Sunshine is needed to break down pollutants.
Entry and exit points need to be kept clean – water needs to flow as it was intended to.
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Builds in fore-bay Clogs draw down
orifice Suffocates wetland
plant crowns Redirects sheet
flow into channeled flow
Clogs rip rap dissipators
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Sediment ponds are not the same as SWBMPs
Sediment from adjacent parcels can ruin SWBMPs
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The standard is to capture “First Flush” which is, in most areas, 1” of rain.
Other than wet detention basins, a properly working SWBMP should take 24 – 72 hours to drain. (Mosquitoes take about 72 hours to reproduce.)
If the SWBMP is on co-owned property and it fails, the members can be jointly responsible.◦ Financially◦ Legally
Failure can be expensive:◦ Damage to adjoining properties◦ Cost to re-construct◦ Legal expenses◦ Permitting fees
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SWBMP’s should have clear & separate maintenance agreements for liability reasons. Don’t assume the landscaper is handling it! (They may not be certified.)
Frequent review of site conditions by trained professionals is both valuable and inexpensive.
Removal of Stormwater BMP material currently does NOT have to go to hazardous material waste site, but that may change.
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Was it installed correctly? Is there deferred maintenance? How much $$$ is in the budget for SWBMP
maintenance and repair? Maintenance and upkeep is the number one
measure to avoid staggering repair bills, but nothing can entirely eliminate the risk of failure.
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Thank you for your attention and your time today!
Kurt BlandBland Landscaping Company
m