Introduction to Statistics - Basic Statistical Terms

Prepared by:

Ms. MA. IRENE G. GONZALES

Mathematics Department

University of Santo Tomas Junior High School

Do you want to live a chaotic life?

∆ Define Statistics

∆ Describe the two Branches of Statistics

∆ Identify the fundamental elements of Statistics

∆ Analyze data to predict the future and make better decisions

In plural form, it refers to set of

numerical data.

In singular form, it is an academic

discipline.

Question: Is it in singular or in plural form?

STATISTICS

Notes # 1

DEFINITION OF STATISTICS

Statistics is a branch of mathematics

that deals with the scientific

collection, organization, presentation,

analysis, and interpretation of

numerical data in order to obtain

useful and meaningful information.

COPAINotes # 1

Notes # 1

Collection of Data

STATISTICS

Notes # 1

Collection of Data

Organization and Presentation

of Data

STATISTICS

Notes # 1

Collection of Data


of Data

Analysis of Data

close examination: the examination ofsomething in detail in order to understandit better or draw conclusions from it

STATISTICS

Notes # 1

Collection of Data


of Data

Analysis of Data

separation into components: the separation ofsomething into its constituents in order to findout what it contains, to examine individualparts, or to study the structure of the whole

STATISTICSNotes # 1

Collection of Data


of Data

Analysis of Data

Interpretation of Data

STATISTICS

Notes # 1

Let us EXPLORE more about how STATISTICS works…

You are requested by yourMath Teacher to go to theNational Statistics Office (NSO)and get a copy of the populationdata of the Philippines fromJanuary 2006 to December 2014.You are required to produce acomprehensive report about thesaid topic. How will you go aboutpreparing the report to yourMath Teacher within the specifiedperiod of time?

YEAR POPULATION IN PH

2006 85.26 M

2007 86.97 M

2008 88.71 M

2009 90.46 M

2010 91.02 M

2011 92.60 M

2012 94.80 M

2013 97.10 M

2014 98.80 M

INTERPRETATION OF DATA/DRAWING CONCLUSIONS/MAKING DECISIONS

FROM THE DATA

• Based on the data patterns, the population of the country will increase rapidly.

• If the populace would be productive, increasing population would not prevent economic development.

Descriptive Statistics

A statistical method concerned

with the collection,

organization, presentation and

description of sample data.

BRANCHES OF STATISTICS

Notes # 1

BRANCHES OF STATISTICS

Descriptive Statistics

The NSO conducts surveys to

determine the average age,

income, and other

characteristics of the Filipino

people.Notes # 1

DIVISIONS OF STAT

Inferential Statistics

concerned with the analysis of a

sample data leading to prediction,

inferences, interpretation, decision

or conclusion about the entire

population

Notes # 1


It only took 2 years for Facebook to

reach a market audience of 50

million. Therefore, Facebook is

very influential.

DIVISIONS OF STAT

Notes # 1


The number of internet devices in

1984 was 1,000. In 1992, it

became 1,000,000. And in 2008,

1,000,000,000. What can you

predict from this data?

DIVISIONS OF STAT

Notes # 1


A teacher determines if the mean

score of the students in her class in

a mathematics test is significantly

related to their scores in a science

test.

DIVISIONS OF STAT

Notes # 1

Identify whether each situation

illustrates descriptive (D) or

inferential (I) statistics.

1. the average price of houses in

Laguna

2. the effects of AH1N1 virus to

the death rate worldwide

D

I

ANSWERS




3. The guard in the SM Megamall

records the number of

shoppers for the past 15 days

D

ANSWERS




4. 100 customers have their

corresponding age and buying

preference results. The

manager wants to determine

their relationship.

I

ANSWERS




5. A campaign manager analyzes

the effect of TV ads on the

promotion of a senatorial

candidate.

I

ANSWERS

POPULATION VS SAMPLE

Notes # 1

Population

The totality of all the elements

or persons for which one has

an interest at a particular time.

It is denoted by N.


Notes # 1

Population

the faculty members of the

UST-JHS

the athletes of UST

Facebook users worldwide


Notes # 1

Sample

It is a subset of a population.

It is denoted by n.


Notes # 1


Sample

selected students from Grade 8

selected employees in a

company

10 selected babies born in

India everydayNotes # 1

Identify whether each statement

refers to a population (P) or sample

(S).

1. a group of 25 students selected

to test a new teaching

technique

S

ANSWERS



(S).

2. the total machines produced by

a factory in one weekP

ANSWERS



(S).

3. the yearly expenditure on food

for 10 familiesS

ANSWERS



(S).

4. All legal immigrants of CanadaP

ANSWERS



(S).

5. Monthly food budget of 30

families in ManilaS

ANSWERS

PARAMETER VS

STATISTIC

Parameter

Any statistical information or

attribute taken from a

population.

PPNotes # 1

Statistic

Any estimate of statistical

attributes taken from a sample

SS

PARAMETER VS

STATISTIC

Notes # 1

√ Define Statistics

√ Describe the two Branches of Statistics

√ Population vs. Sample

√ Parameter vs. Statistic

SUMMARY

DESCRIPTIVE

INFERENTIAL

POPULATION

SAMPLE

PARAMETER

STATISTIC

Notes # 1

DATA

A collection of observable

information or facts.

Notes # 1

TWO TYPES OF DATA

AGE – GENDER

HEIGHT – RELIGION

WEIGHT – ATTITUDE

Can you see the difference?Notes # 1

QUALITATIVE VS

QUANTITATIVE DATA

Quantitative Data

These are numerical information

obtained from counting or

measuring that which can be

manipulated by any fundamental

operation.

Notes # 1

Quantitative Data

Age

Weight

Height

QUALITATIVE VS

QUANTITATIVE DATA

Notes # 1

Qualitative Data

These are descriptive attributes

and characterized by categorical

responses.

QUALITATIVE VS

QUANTITATIVE DATA

Notes # 1

Qualitative Data

Gender

Religion

Attitude

QUALITATIVE VS

QUANTITATIVE DATA

Notes # 1

Classify the following as qualitative

(QL) or quantitative (QN).

1. net weight (in grams) of a

packaged cereal.

2. brand of a personal computer

used

QN

QL

answers



3. amount of money spent on

clothing last month

4. Number of local calls made

per month

QN

QN

answers



5. primary type of transportation

used by studentsQL

answers

VARIABLE

Observable characteristics or

phenomena of a person or object

whereby the members of the

group or set vary from one

another.

Notes # 1

DISCRETE VS

CONTINUOUS VARIABLE

Discrete Variable

A variable that can be obtained

by counting

Notes # 1

Discrete Variable

number of computers in a

laboratory

DISCRETE VS

CONTINUOUS VARIABLE

Notes # 1

Continuous Variable

• A variable that can be obtained

by measuring objects or attributes

• Can assume infinite number of

values between any two specific

numbers

DISCRETE VS

CONTINUOUS VARIABLE

Notes # 1

Continuous Variable

Weight of students

Area of the classroom floor

DISCRETE VS

CONTINUOUS VARIABLE

Notes # 1

Classify the following as discrete (D)

or continuous (C).

1. Weight of students in private

high schools

2. Outcome in rolling a pair of

dice

C

D

answers

Classify the following as discrete (D)

or continuous (C).

3. Amount of money spent on

groceries in a month

4. Number of persons in a family

5. Water temp. of 10 rivers in the

Philippines on a given day.

C

D

C

answers

SUMMARY

Introduction to Statistics - Basic Statistical Terms

Engineering

Transcript of Introduction to Statistics - Basic Statistical Terms