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IESO

Introduction to Solar System

Part 6

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Comets, Meteors, and Asteroids

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Structure of a Comet

To Sun

Ion Tail

Dust

Tail

Coma

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Comet Structure

Nucleus

10 km Dirty Snowball

Coma Cloud of evaporated ices and ions

may be 100,000 km in diameter

Tail Always points away from Sun

Solar Wind and Radiation Pressure

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The Oort Cloud

In 1950 Jan Oort noticed that

no comet has been observed with an orbit that indicates that it

came from interstellar space, there is a strong tendency for aphelia of long period comet

orbits to lie at a distance of about 50,000 AU, and

there is no preferential direction from which comets come.

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The Oort Cloud

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Comet Halley

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ayeaux apes ryNorman Invasion of 1066

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Comet Halley 1910

Pope Callixtus III

excommunicated

Halley's Comet in 1456

In 1910, charlatans sold"comet pills"

Orbit

http://astro.u-strasbg.fr/~koppen/orbitviewer/halley.htmlhttp://astro.u-strasbg.fr/~koppen/orbitviewer/halley.html

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Comet Nucleus

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Comet of 1577

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Hyakutake

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Hale-Bopp

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Comet West

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The Cause of Meteor Showers

P55/Tempel-Tuttle

http://www.digitalradiance.com/sng/tempel_tuttle.htmhttp://www.digitalradiance.com/sng/tempel_tuttle.htmhttp://www.digitalradiance.com/sng/tempel_tuttle.htmhttp://www.digitalradiance.com/sng/tempel_tuttle.htm

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Why After Midnight is Best

Rotational

Velocity

Orbital

Velocity

Midnight

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Shower Radiant

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The 1833 storm

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The 1966 storm

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1997 Leonids from Orbit

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Two Showers for Halley

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Sporadic Meteors

Irons Stony-Irons

Chondrites Carbonaceous

Chondrite

Achondrite

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Barringers Crater

An iron meteorite 100 feet across and 70,000 tons

slamed into the Earth at about 43,000mph in the

Arizona desert near Flagstaff 40,000 years ago.

Barringer Crater is 4,100 feet wide and 571 feet deep.

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Other Impact Craters

http://www.solarviews.com/cap/earth/bosumtwi.htmhttp://www.solarviews.com/cap/earth/manicgn.htmhttp://www.solarviews.com/cap/earth/wolf.htm

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Tunguska, 1908

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How Much Damage?

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Asteroids

Apollo

Trojans

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Ida - Dactyl

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Gaspra

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Kirkwood Gaps

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Asteroids Elsewhere

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Sedna