Introduction to Soil Science

By Genxing PanDepartment of Soil Science , &Inst. Resources, Ecosystem & Environment of Agriculture (IREEA)www.ireea.kyjg.njau.edu.cn

Soil-Soils

Introduction: Contents

What is Soil? What is soil science ? Why do we study soil (science)?

Soils in a changing Earth

What is Soil?

What is Soil ?

What is a Soil?

What is a soil?

What is a soil?

Definition: Soft Natural body Sustaining life (incl.Support plant

growth) Dynamically changing At the earth surface

Soil Vs Land 1, soft growth media vs babitat m

edia 2, Fertility vs productivity 3, natural Vs social-economical

Soil Vs Land?

Why do we study soil? Decreasing capacity of natural resources

四海之内，莫非王土？

Why do we study soil? Deterioration of ecosystem and

environment (incl. Land degradation)

The Changing Earth Why do we study soil?

Why do we study soil?

Soil provides natural sink

What do we study?

Soil provide meso- and micro- habitat for organisms

Why do we study soil?Soil provides shelter and preserves cultural heritage

Why do we study soil?Soil provides natural beauty

Why do we study soil?

Are we less dependent on soils?

Why do we study soil? Urbanization---Urban soils

Hydroponic culture– Organic farming

Plastics---cornstarch plastics, polyesters or cottons

What is Soil Science? What is the role of soil science? Study of soil as an part of terrestrial ecosyst

em, environment, and integrated Earth surface System;

Study of soil by physical, chemical and biological means and others;

Study of soil in scales ranging from molecular to pedosphere;

Study of soil in interaction with water, air, biomes, and human,etc.

Soil Science Soil - plant science: - ion uptake, soil f

ertility, nutrient transport, bioavailability; food quality

Soil-water science: water translocation, water use efficiency; nutrient loading, drinking water quality

Soil- air science: gas exchange, emissions, GHE, Global change

Soil Science Soil – material science: soil

mechanics or dynamics, soil engineering; Soil – ecosystem science: soil

ecosystems, stability of ecosystem. Biodiversity and ecological safety

Soil - landscape science: soil associations, land use patterns, soil archeology ,etc

Closely related science Food Science Medicine & Health science: Archaeology

Role of Soil Science Basic discipline of natural sciences; Fundamental science of agricultura

l sciences; Core science of environmental and

ecological sciences;

Role of Soil Science Impacts in:

Land use planning; Help solve food supply,ex: Sandro Policy making - agriculture and envi

ronment protection; Consultancy: standards, restriction

s, etc. WHO project

IUSS, a member of ICSU World Soil Day: December 5 as propose

d Soil projects among IGBP-Core projects Soil science department in the land gra

nt universities Winner of food Prize– Prof. Sanchez

Role of Soil Science

Overview of Soil Science History Ancient time: End of 19 century: Lipig, Mineral nutrition of plant,1840 Docuchayev (1883, Chernozem in Russian

Great Plain; Waksman, 1930’s, Soil colloids USDA, Soil Taxonomy,1975

Soil Science in China Ancient time: 1, 《尚书》•禹贡 ;2, 《管子》• 地员

篇 ;3, Dynasty Soil Mosaic Modern time: 1930’s, Soil Research Unit; 1940’s, Soil Survey,

Soil Science in China 1950’s, Soil Resource Survey and Re

habitation; Soil Science Institute National Soil Survey(2 times), Chines

e Soil Taxonomic Classification Late 1980’s – early 2000’s: Soil Scie

nce expanded State Discipline of Soil Science

Soil Science System Soil fertility- Soil Quality Pedology-Soil Science; Soil water- SPAC Ped – Soil system- Soil ecosystem- Ea

rth System

二级学科 三级学科 分支学科

土 壤 科 学

土壤发生与分布 土壤发生学与地理学 , 土壤形态学 , 古土壤学 , 土壤分类与制图

土壤物理学 土壤水分与溶质迁移 , 土壤空气与土－气交换 , 土壤结构与力学

土壤化学与矿物学 土壤粘土矿物学 , 土壤胶体与表面化学 , 土壤溶液化学

土壤生物学 土壤微生物学 , 土壤动物学 , 土壤生物化学与酶学

土壤肥力学 土壤养分及其利用 , 土宜学

土壤环境学 土壤污染与控制 , 土壤环境监测与评价

土壤资源学 土壤资源调查与评价 , 土壤资源利用与保护 , 数字土壤学

土壤生态学 ？

全球变化土壤学 ？

Soil Science System

Soil Science SYstem知识层面 理论及其服务 技术及其应用

指导与支撑层面

辩证唯物论，地球系统科学，物质科学

现代分析技术，现代信息技术与计算机技术

中心层面 土壤发生发育理论，土壤物质形态与效应理论

土壤分析技术，土壤监测网络

应用层面 农业发展，环境保护，地球表层过程

肥力分析，环境分析，生态分析

Unique Soils of China

Soils of Loess; Soils in Tibetan Plateau; Soils of Paddy-Paddy soils Soils on limestone in southwestern

China

What will we learn from soil science? Nature Properties Behaviors (Functions) Trends in the changing

environment Fundamental methodology of soil

researches

How do we study soil science?

Field studies: precise sampling and detailed observation

How do we study soil science?

Macro to micro scale modern analytical facilities:

How do we study soil science?

Modern tracing and monitoring techniques

Further reference:

1, http/:www.IUSS.org

2, http/:www.SSSA.org

3, http/:www.njau.edu.cn/htm.index/ireea

4, http/:www.issas.ac.cn

Welcome to join us!