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Introduction to Security Cooperation Management

Lesson #0107

1 October 2018

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Program Definitions

Economic & military assistance to partner nations under State Department authority

Supports USG foreign policy and national security objectives

Deliverables: Can include Defense articles, services, and training

Terms of Transfer: Sale, grant, loan, or lease

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Security Assistance

Arms Export Control Act (AECA) International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) Security Assistance Management Manual (SAMM)

Foreign Assistance Act (FAA) Security Assistance Management Manual (SAMM)

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Key Legal and Policy Guidelines for SA

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Major Security Assistance Programs

Administeredby DoD

Foreign Military Sales (FMS) Foreign Military Financing (FMF) International Military Education

and Training (IMET) Excess Defense Articles (EDA) Leases of Equipment

Administeredby DoS

Direct Commercial Sales (DCS) Economic Support Fund (ESF) International Narcotics Control

and Law Enforcement (INCLE) Nonproliferation, Antiterrorism,

Demining, and Related Programs (NADR)

Peacekeeping Operations (PKO)

Sales authorized by the AECA from DoD stock or through DoD procurement of defense articles and services (including training)

Either country cash or USG-provided credit

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AECA § 21 and 22

Foreign Military Sales (FMS)

FMS(U.S. Remains the Provider of Choice)

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Source: Congressional Research Service report, December 2015

US31%12.51 13 13.53

10.58

20.98

23.29

36.38 38.09

31.6

32.1

69.1

27.81

34.2

47.09

33.6

41.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Sales Trends (In Billions of Dollars)

02 03 04 05 06 07 08 1008 1211 13 14 15 16 17

Title 22: $38.0B Title 10: $3.9B Total: $41.9B

FY2017 Statistics

Appropriated to the President, allocated by DoS/FA Administered by DoD/DSCA in consultation with

DoS/FA and USD(C) to fund the purchase of defense articles and services Normally used to fund FMS cases

Funding Requested by POTUS: $5.347 Billion Recommended by Senate: $5.9365 Billion Recommended by House: $6.361 Billion

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AECA § 23

Foreign Military Financing (FMF)

Military training authorized by the FAA on a grant basis to foreign military and related civilian personnel which can occur both in the United States and in overseas (with waiver)

Includes Expanded IMET Program Appropriated to the President and allocated by DoS Administered by DoD/DSCA in consultation with DoS

Funding Requested by POTUS: $95 Million Recommended by Senate: $110.68 Million Recommended by House: $110.875 Million

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International Military Education and Training (IMET)

Direct Commercial Sales (DCS)

Commercial export sales authorized by the AECA Generally country cash not an appropriation Administered by DoS in consultation with DoD Licensed by DoS Directorate of Defense Trade

Controls (DDTC) using the ITAR Export licenses normally valid for a four year period Sales may or may not take place

Annual Report to Congress on defense articles and services licensed for export FY2017 - $111.8B

AECA § 38 10

The term “security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense” means any program, activity (including an exercise), or interaction of the Department of Defense with the security establishment of a foreign country to achieve a purpose as follows: To build and develop allied and friendly security

capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations. To provide the armed forces with access to the foreign

country during peacetime or a contingency operation. To build relationships that promote specific United States

security interests.

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Title 10, United States Code 301 (10 USC 301) enacted by FY17 NDAA

Security Cooperation Definition

Gain Access – overflight/landing, coastal/port or overland access to move personnel and equipment, or for refueling or resupply enroute

Build Relationships – for potential engagement and participation in future peacekeeping or conflict operations (or not to interfere with them)

Develop/Enhance Capabilities – ensure partner nation has training and equipment to defend itself or to participate in PKO or conflict operations

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DoD Objectives (the ABCs)

Selected DoD SC Programs DoD Authorized

Exercises

322, Special Operations Forces:

Training with Friendly Foreign Forces

345, Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program (CTFP)

Counter-Narcotics Assistance

342, Centers for Security Studies

Afghanistan Security Forces Fund (ASFF)

341, DoD State Partnership Program

International Armaments Cooperation

Acquisition and Cross Servicing Agreements

Building Partner Capacity

Humanitarian Assistance and Demining Assistance Green Book C.113

An important tool of national security and foreign policy

An integral element of the DoD mission SC planners (SCOs, GCCs, IAs, JCS, etc.) shall consider

and coordinate with complementary USG activities DoD will maintain a robust program of assessment,

monitoring, and evaluation of security cooperation No commitments to partner nations without USG

assurance that such commitments can be met and are in U.S. best interests (no false impressions)

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Title 10, United States Code 301 (10 USC 301) enacted by FY17 NDAA

DoD Policy on Security Cooperation

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Security Assistance Programs Within Security Cooperation

342, RCSS

333

IAC

ESF

NADR

INCLE

PKO

FMSFMFIMETEDA

Leases

DCSExercises

HA/HMA

333 – Foreign Security Forces: Authority to Build CapacityRCSS –Regional Centers for Security StudiesHA/HMA = Humanitarian Assistance/Humanitarian Mine ActionIAC = International Armaments Cooperation

FMS = Foreign Military SalesFMF = Foreign Military FinancingIMET = International Military Education and TrainingEDA = Excess Defense Articles

DCS = Direct Commercial SalesESF = Economic Support FundINCLE = International Narcotics Control and Law EnforcementNADR = Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining, and Related ProgramsPKO = Peacekeeping Operations

SC Programs

DoD[10 U.S.C.]

SA Programs

DoS[22 U.S.C.]

Global Security Contingency Fund (GSCF)

Select SC Programs

SAMM C15.1.4

DoD Funded

DoS Funded

JOINT Funded

Afghanistan Security ForcesFund (ASFF)

Foreign Security Forces: Authority to Build Capacity (§333, Chap 16, 10 U.S.C.)

DoD Counter Narcotics(10 U.S.C.:§333, Chap 16 & §384, Chap 18)

Coalition Readiness Support Program (CRSP)

Iraq Train & Equip Fund (ITEF)

Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism,Demining and

Related Programs (NADR)

Peacekeeping Operations(PKO) and Global Peace Operations

Initiative (GPOI)

International Narcotics Control& Law Enforcement (INCLE)

Pakistan Counterinsurgency Fund/Counterinsurgency Capability Fund

(PCF/PCCF)

European Reassurance

Initiative (ERI) Program

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Organizations

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Some Key SC Organizational Terms

SC Enterprise (SCE): The network of entities engaged in any element of SC programs, either as providers or beneficiaries. This includes U.S. government (USG) agencies, Congress, foreign partners, and industry

SC Community: A subset of USG executive branch entities within the SCE directly responsible for managing or executing SC programs or the policies that affect them

SC Workforce: Employees of USG agencies within the SC community

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Under Secretary of Defense for Policy oversees all foreign policy matters for DoD DSCA is DoD’s focal point for Security Cooperation The Implementing Agencies and Combatant Commands execute the programs

USG Security Cooperation Major Players

Congress Authorizes programs and appropriates funding Exercises oversight

State Department Determines which countries can have programs Determines which sales, leases and transfers will be made Issues export licenses for commercial sales Determines foreign assistance funding levels

Defense Department Has extensive input on security cooperation policy Determines what is available for sale or lease Recommends foreign assistance funding levels Implements FMS Program, FMF and other funding Implements International Military Education (IMET)

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General direction of foreign assistance Program determination by country Integration of programs to support U.S.

national objectives

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Department of State SA Responsibilities

Department of State Relationships

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Chief, U.S. Diplomatic Mission

Under Secretary for Arms Control and International

Security Affairs (T)

Senior Defense Official/Defense

Attaché (SDO/DATT)

Security Cooperation Organization (SCO)

Defense Attaché Office (DAO)

Assistant Secretary for Political-Military Affairs

(PM)

Office of Regional Security and Arms Transfers (RSAT)

Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC)

Director, U.S. Foreign Assistance (F)

Administrator,U.S. Agency for

International Development (USAID)

Secretary of State

Under Secretary for Political Affairs (P)

Europe -Eurasia

Africa

East Asia -Pacific

South -Central

Asia

West Hemi

Near East

Int’l Orgs

Office of Security Assistance (SA)

Office of Congressional & Public Affairs (CPA)

President of theUnited States

Geographic Combatant Commander (CCMD) AORs & DoS Regional Bureaus

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Program execution Procurement of equipment / services Transportation of military articles Conduct of military training

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Department of Defense SA Responsibilities

Department of Defense Relationships

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Secretary of Defense

Department of the Army

Department of the Navy

Department of the

Air Force

Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition

& Sustainment (USD(A&S))

Director, International Cooperation

Under Secretary of Defense for

Policy (USD(P))

Defense Security Cooperation

Agency (DSCA)

Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff

The Joint Staff

Geographic Combatant

Commanders (GCCs)

Senior Defense Official/Defense

Attaché (SDO/DATT)

Security Cooperation Organization (SCO)

Defense Attaché Office (DAO)

President of theUnited States

Under Secretary of Defense for Research & Engineering (USD(R&E))

Defense Security Cooperation Agency

Department of Defense lead agency for the execution of Security Cooperation programs

Subject matter expertise across the spectrum ofrelated regional and functional activities

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Our Role

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Foreign Military Sales13,234 Active Cases

171 Countries and Int’l Organizations

Humanitarian Assistance422 HA Projects

39 Mine Action Projects 93 countries

Security Cooperation Officers801 SCOs in

144 Countries International Training 70,514 Students

from 196 Countries

Regional Centers5,272 Participants

from 183 Countries

Worldwide…approximately 10,000 people26

Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA)

SAMM C1.3.2.2

Policy Development Budget Allocation Trust Fund Management Country Program and Financial Management Congressional Notification and Reporting Congressional Liaison LOA Processing; LOA Writing Training and Education Community Automation Regional Center Executive Agent Humanitarian Assistance and Mine Action

DSCA Vision

Chapter 3

Lead the Security Cooperation Community, Enable the Security Cooperation Enterprise

Vision 2020, first published in October 2014 (most recent update: Oct 2016), is DSCA’s six-year strategy to lead the security cooperation in :- Synchronizing Security

Cooperation Activities - Meeting Customer Expectations- Ensuring Effectiveness and

Efficiency

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DSCA Perspective on Security Cooperation

It is about building and maintaining relationships

Critical tool of U.S. foreign policy and DoD strategy

In an era of increased competition and diminishing resources, its importance has never been greater

Imperative we posture the Security Cooperation enterprise for success in the new environment

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DSCA SA/SC Stakeholders Network

International Customers

Industry

MilitaryDepartments

Combatant Commands/Security Cooperation Offices

Joint Staff

Office of the Secretary of Defense

(OSD) Policy/Other OSD

State

Congress

Others

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Military Services SC Responsibilities

Develop and implement SC policy in support of the Secretary of Defense, OSD, and Combatant Commands (CCMDs)

Coordinate technology transfer decisions Provide defense articles, services, and

training to partner nations Participate in international

armaments cooperation Provide resources

to the SC community

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Full-Spectrum Capability

FMS

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FMS System

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A B C D E F G

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Introduction to Security Cooperation Management

Lesson #0107

1 October 2018