Introduction to Search Management for Team Leaders
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Transcript of Introduction to Search Management for Team Leaders
1SRCHMGTI.ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003
Introduction to Search Management for Team Leaders
Developed as part of the National Emergency Services Curriculum Project
2SRCHMGTI.ppt Last Revised: 10 June 2003
Four Factors Making Emergency Response
Necessary
• A lag in the alert of mission personnel– Limit your search area quickly
• The odds of a victim surviving as time goes on
• Size of the search area
• Available information– Information is fragile
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Matching Response with Need
• Are less than 6 hours of daylight left?• Is the victim very young or old?
• Does the victim have a known or potential medical problem?
• Is there only one person involved?
• Are weather conditions bad now, or were they when the person, boat or aircraft went missing?
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Matching Response with Need Continued
• Was the victim poorly equipped to handle the environment - including the airworthiness of the aircraft or seaworthiness of the boat?
• Is the subject inexperienced in the environment and/or the local area?
• Are known hazardous conditions in the area?
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Matching Response with Need Continued
• Is the objective missing in an area in which there have been numerous SAR cases?
• Is the individual reasonably overdue, measured by standards normally used to determine that someone is overdue
• Does this search pass the SANITY CHECK?
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SAR Responsibility in the United States
• Navigable Waterways = USCG
• Single State, Land = Local Law Enforcement normally
• Single State, Aircraft = State OEM (Office of Emergency Management) or designee– Often CAP is the designee
• Multiple State Searches = AFRCC
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Primary Resources
• Air Force Units
• Coast Guard Units
• Mountain Rescue Association
• Civil Air Patrol
• Explorer SAR Teams
• National Park Service
• And other such agencies…
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Secondary Resources
• Red Cross
• Salvation Army
• Amateur Radio Emergency Service
• Local Law Enforcement
• Fire Departments
• Military
• And other such agencies…
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Search Planning
• Area of Possibility (AOP)
• Last Known Point (LKP)
• Point Last Seen (PLS)
• Probability of Area (POA)
• Probability of Detection (POD)
• Probability of Success (POS)
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Area of Possibility
• How far could the missing person or aircraft gotten from the point last scene using the available information?– Can be a rather large area– To many unknowns often make the worst case
look real bad
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Last Known Point
• LKP is the last spot at which we can definitely establish the victim’s presence by things like:– Radio reports– Telephone calls– Trail Logs– Physical information like the victims car or
equipment located
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Point Last Seen
• PLS is the spot anyone actually saw (Radar skin paint counts) the missing person/aircraft. PLS is established by witnesses.
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Probability Of Area (POA)
• A mathematical prioritization of search areas by the mission staff.
• Normally follow the Mattson Consensus
• A tool that incorporates the experience of mission staff.
• Basically an educated guess
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Probability Of Detection
• The percentage accuracy of searchers based on historical data.– Trained searchers should have a higher POD
than untrained searchers– Relevant local data should supersede national
historical data– Searchers try to gain a high POD for a search
area before closing a search
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Probability of Success
• POA x POD = POS
• Just a tool, remembering that not only is historical data used, but also the guesses of the mission staff.
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Information Gathering
• Be a good reporter. Answer the following– Who– What– When– Where– Why– How
• Play twenty questions (See Reference Text)
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How is information Gathered?
• Searching an area– Clues– Lack of Clues– De-briefing crews
• Interviews
• Good press relations
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Processing Information• Information and Knowledge
– Paper processing– Computer processing
• Map oriented or Tracking Programs
• Management Assistance programs– Formula or Number Crunching
– Personnel Tracking & Processing
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7 Steps to Start a Search• Start a Log• Gain Cooperation
• Find out what has been done already
• Get control of the physical facilities
• Start posting information
• Get a grip on Search Strategy
• Plan for staff turnover and future operational periods
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Search Management Tasks
• Every task that a team leader accomplishes can be related to search management.
• Remember that accuracy counts, and nothing found is still information found
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QUESTIONS?THINK SAFETY