INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Energy sources which are continuously being replenished by...
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Transcript of INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Energy sources which are continuously being replenished by...
INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOURCESEnergy sources which are
continuously being replenished by nature
ATOM
PROTON ELECTRONS
NEUTRON
N NE
E
ELECTRICITY
An electric current is created when electrons flow through a wire. Electric current can power things like our computers and TV sets.
ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICITY HAS TRADITIONALLY BEEN……….
to your house
…fueled by coal, oil or natural gas,
generated,
G
transformed,
Tand
distributed
Brainstorm sources of electricity.
Which are renewable and which are non-renewable?
SOLAR
…THEY NEED OUR HELP!Keep America
Clean! Recycle Use Natural
Resources
TTransformer
Your Home
NATURAL AND RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY
Distribution Lines
Biogas
Wind
Biomass
Geothermal
Hydroelectric
GGenerator
SOLAR
ENERGY
SOLUTIONS
Solar Energy is light and heat energy that comes from the sun.
PHOTO + VOLT = PHOTOVOLTAIC[LIGHT] [UNIT [ELECTRICITY OF PRODUCED ELECTRICITY] FROM LIGHT]
http://www.aps.com/
Photovoltaics: The direct conversion of sunlight to electricity
SOLAR CELL
INVERTER
TRANSFORMER
POWER LINES
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS
Scottsdale Covered Parking:
Prescott Airport:
Glendale Airport:
SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS
10,000,000 Watts Solar II Experimental Power Plant, California
25,000 Watts Dish/Stirling Engine System, Arizona
1,000,000 Watts Parabolic Trough Power Plant, Arizona
HOW DOES GEOTHERMAL HEAT GET UP TO EARTH'S SURFACE?
Heat comes from hot liquid magma.
Magma is Hot liquid rock
Magma or very hot rock
Steamboat Geyser
Old FaithfulGeysers at Yellowstone
National Park
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.nps.gov
An example of how the heat rises from the earth
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN ARIZONA
IDENTIFY THE LOCATIONS WHERE GEOTHERMAL COULD BE.
Picture from www.EnergyAtlas.org
HOW DO YOU CONVERT WIND INTO ELECTRICITY?
The transformer changes the voltage to match the voltage on the power lines before it is sent to your house
Rotor Diameter
GeneratorGearbox
GNacelle
Tower
T
Transformer
The wind hits the rotor, the rotor spins the generators making electrical energy from mechanical energy
WIND FARMS
WHERE HAVE YOU SEEN THESE TYPES OF WINDMILLS?
BIOMASS ENERGY FROM ARIZONA FORESTS
1. Left alone, forests become thick with trees and forest litter.
2. Underburns known as ground fires help clear the forest floors so that grass grows and large trees survive.
3. Underburns also prevent more damaging fires that spread across the top of the trees.
4. The top of tree fires spread quickly and are much more difficult to fight. They leave burnt land that can take years to replenish.
5. Sometimes fire makes seeds grow, but sometimes the forest has to be replanted to speed the return of trees.
THE BEGINNING
What other damage can happen from forest fires?
Wild fires and bark beetles create biomass that can be used to generate electricity.
THE BEGINNINGS OF BIOMASS
Biomass was the first fuel mankind used for energy.
CLEANER
THAN
COAL
AVAILABLE BEFORE
OIL
MORENATUREFRIENDLY THAN NATURAL GAS
Burning wood was used for warmth and cooking, as well as keeping wild animals away
THE BALANCE OF BIOMASS
Biomass generates far less emissions than fossil fuels
CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) is released by burning biomass and is used by other plants to make food.
CO2
CO 2
CO
2CO 2
CO2
Use Biomass,
get less
Greenhouse
Gas
GREENHOUSE GAS
MORE
LESS
FOS
SIL
FU
EL
BIO
MA
SS
BALANCE OF BIOMASS
Plants take in CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) and make oxygen.
When biomass is burned, it uses oxygen to make CO2
This is the balance of biomass
BIOMASS ENERGY COMES FROMplant, human or animal derived organic matter
that is eaten, burnt, or converted into fuel.
Wood from trees, agriculture, wood factory waste, and the construction industry
Burnt wood from forest fires
Animals and animal droppings
BIOGAS
OrganicWaste
Material+ Decomposition = Biogas
VegetationManureSewage
Landfill Garbage
Breaking down, or changing, from a solid into a liquid
or a gas
Methanerich
flammablegas
NATURE CREATES BIOGAS
Nature creates biogas from rotting plants around ponds and
wetlands
As this methane gas is released into the atmosphere it creates an invisible ceiling which traps the heat from the sun.
METHANE
Rotting Vegetation
MAN-MADE BIOGAS (LANDFILLS)
To prevent methane from escaping into the atmosphere, it is collected and burned in a flare stack
Escaping methane can destroy nearby vegetation.
What else will we lose as a result of losing plants and trees?
MAN-MADE BIOGAS (SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT)
Sewage treatment plants clean sewage water
producing large amounts of methane
that can be flared or turned into electricity
Close-up of Flares
Sewage Water
Sewage Digester
HYDROELECTRIC POWER
Hydro means water in Latin. It is the most often used source of renewable energy to make electricity.
Water is constantly moving through a cycle: Water vapor rises into the atmosphere through evaporation from lakes and oceans and transpiration from plants and trees. It condenses to form clouds. Then rain or snow falls back to the earth to the oceans and lakes.
WATER
Evaporation
Condensation
LakeRain
Transpiration is the evaporation of water into the atmosphere from the leaves and stems of plants
Transpiration
The energy of water moving downstream from the rain and snow to a reservoir or lake goes to a large dam which has engines and turbines that make electricity.
Another source of hydroelectricity is tidal electricity which uses the tides from the ocean to make electricity.
HOW HYDROPOWER WORKS
Solar
Wind
Geothermal
Pros and Cons of Renewable Energy
– Continuous– Abundant– Portable– Modular
– Need storage, – Peaks at solar noon, – Most expensive of renewable energy
sources
– Cheapest of the renewable energies today
– Not always near transmission lines
– intermittent power
– Can provide heat and cooling
– Continuous
– Not always near transmission lines– Not portable
PRO CON
Biomass
Biogas
Hydropower
– Can be transported to a generator for a continuous source of energy
– Always accessible, can provide energy 24 hours per day
– Distance to the fuel – Not always accessible
– Sources are limited in size
PRO CON
Pros and Cons of Renewable Energy
–Inexpensive–No Pollution –Lakes and reservoirs
can be used for recreation
–Dam construction is expensive–Damming rivers causes changes in
ecological cycles and surrounding landscapes
–There are a limited number of feasible sites for large dams
solar
Hot
Springs
Geothermal
Wind
YOURHOME
YOURHOME
The final destination
Hydroelectric Power