Introduction to Read Well Services 3D VSP Acquisition and ... · Presentation Outline •...
Transcript of Introduction to Read Well Services 3D VSP Acquisition and ... · Presentation Outline •...
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Presentation Outline
• Introduction to Read Well Services
• 3D VSP Acquisition and Processing Capabilities
• 3D VSP Case Examples and Benchmark Results
• Preliminary Proposal to CNOOC 3D VSP at Bohai Field
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The READ Group of Companies
READ Well Services LtdAberdeen, U. K.
READ Well ServicesBergen, Norway
READ ASA(17 Sept 1986 -)
RESERVOIR TECHNOLOGY PROCESS TECHNOLOGY
READ Well ServicesOslo, Norway
READ Well Services LLCHouston, USA
READ Servicos GeofisicosRio de Janerio, Brasil
READ Process EngineeringOslo, Norway
READ Systems LtdLondon, U. K.
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Operational Areas•
(Total 1750 VSP Projects Worldwidely)
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READ has acquired/processed ~ 50 3D VSP projects world-widely since it
started business in 1987. READ has more experience than ANY contractors
in acquiring larger VSPs and is continuously breaking new ground in
advancing the technique.
READ was first to use multiple sources to reduce rig time and the
first to acquire 3DVSP “offline” while drilling. READ has deployed the longest
wireline logging string ever (2,700ft or 845m), used more levels of Geochain
tool than any other contractors on standard wireline (28 levels). In addition,
READ has acquired the largest deepwater 3DVSP in the Gulf of Mexico with
ever 40,000 shot points, and is the benchmark proven leader in both 3D and
2D borehole seismic processing.
Highlights for 3D VSP
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3D VSP Survey Design & Acquisition
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Pre Survey Planning Procedure
Discussion with client:• Define target• what information iswanted.
• Primary objectives• Secondary objectives
Modeling• Ray tracing• Synthetic data• Processing data• amplitudes• coverage• P-S
Reporting;
Recommendations for: Estimated: Display of: -Geometries - Seismic coverage - Depth model-Geophone positions - Resolution - Ray tracing results- Shot Positions - Noise Problems - Synthetic data- Sources - P to S conversion - Processing results of synthetic
- Survey / Rig time - Estimated refl. coeff. and AVO
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3D Advanced Modeling Tools for Survey Designs
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Multi-wells Survey
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Multi-source Shooting Pattern
•Cutting rig time to 1/3 (1/2) using continuous spiral shoot with 3 (2) sources fired consecutively•Cutting rig time to 1/4 with more efficient tool strings
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VSP Acquisition Borehole Tools Special tools FeaturesGeolock-S Slim high temperature tool, drill pipe conveyance
Geolock Large hole, drill pipe conveyance
ASR Dual level high temperature, drill pipe conveyance
Multilevel tools FeaturesDELTA 4 or 8 satellite drag and shoot system.
Slim DELTA 4 or 8 satellite drag and shoot system.
SYGMA Up to 32 satellites.
HDSeis Up to 40 satellites
Pump down tool FeaturesESR 1-11/16" Dual level gimballed
All tools are combinable with GR for depth correlationMultilevel tools can be combined with hydrophoneMultilevel tools can be combined with tractor (VSPXpress)
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SYGMA™
Gulf of Mexico – 7 Surveys - NO downhole failures – 300 hours continuous operation.
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3D VSPs Acquired by READ in GOM During Past 3 Years
The Thunder Horse 3D VSP (2002)
Water depth: > 7000ft; No. of Shots: ~ 30,000;
No. of shutter levels: 16;
Source Vessel: two separate supply boats; dual source
arrays; spiral survey
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The Mad Dog 3D VSP (2003)
3D VSPs Acquired by READ in GOM During Past 3 Years
Water depth: > 7000ft; No. of Shots: ~ 40,000;
No. of shutter levels: 25;
Source Vessel: Bai Hai 512 of CNOOCS, dual source
arrays, spiral survey
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Tubular Bells 3D VSP (2003)
Water depth: > 9600ft; No. of Shots: 12,300;
No. of shutter levels: 20;
Source Vessel: Condor Explorer of Seabird; dual source
arrays; spiral survey
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Stones 3D VSP (2005)
Water depth: > 9700ft; No. of Shots: ~ 14,400;
No. of shutter levels: 28;
Source Vessel: Polar Venture of Fugro; dual source
arrays; spiral survey
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READ’s Strengths in 3D VSP Acquisition
•The most experienced engineers
•Always well planned and tested before operations
begin
•State of the art of equipment
•Plenty of backup personnel and equipment in field
•High efficiency and low cost
•READ always reached project objectives in any
previous 3D VSP survey
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3D VSP Data Processing
GENERAL PROCESSING SEQUENCE:
1. Pre-processing (format conversion, geometry/navigation, Regularizing etc.)
2. First –Break Picking
3. Three-Component Rotation
4. Align data with first arrival time and extract down-going P wave
5. Remove down-going P and P-S waves
6. Deterministic deconvolution (design deconvolution operator from down-going P-wave )
7. Wave field separation and up-going P-P and/or P-S waves enhancement
8. Initial velocity model from surface, check shot and zero-offset VSP data etc
9. Initial forward FB modeling and prestack depth migration
10. Velocity model tomographic updated and anisotropic parameter estimation
11. Final pre-stack anisotropic depth migration (finite difference or Kirchhoff)
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WHY 3 COMPONENT DATA?
RE
CE
IVE
RS
SOURCE
ZY
X
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Common Shot Gather (80 Receivers)
Vertical Component Data Scalar Wavefield
3-COMPONENT ROTATION
Down P
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FROM VECTOR TO SCALAR WAVEFIELDS
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Aligned Raw Data Remove Down P Remove Down S
MEDIAN FILTERING TO REMOVE DOWN WAVEMODES
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P-S SEPARATION, MODEL OR DATA BASED
Z X
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P-S SEPARATION, MODEL OR DATA BASED
P-P Mode P-S Mode
P-P P-S
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SURFACE SEISMIC 3D VSP DEPTH MIGRATION
THE EKOFISK FIELD 3D VSPs by READ
3D VSP Case Examples
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CROSSLINE 118 FROM 2/4 -K06 3D VSP MIGRATION
3000 m
Top Chalk
Ekofisk Tight Zone
THE EKOFISK FIELD 3D VSPs by READ
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SUBSALT VSP, GOM
Anisotropic FD depth migration of VSPSurface seismic through walkaway profile
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3D VSP MAP REEF STRUCTURE
Surface Seismic 3D VSP
Top Reef
Note: The 3D VSP section has been band-passing filtered to match the surface data.
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2D Surface Seismic 3D VSP profile along same line
>50 Hz dominant frequency30 Hz dominant frequency
HIGH RESOLUTION 3D VSP
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2D Surface Seismic 3D VSP Finite Difference Migration
HIGH RESOLUTION 3D VSP
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Anisotropy Effect on Small Faults Imaging - Small fault is mis-imaged approximately 50m by vertical anisotropy axis
HIGH RESOLUTION 3D VSP
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HIGH RESOLUTION 3D VSP – PS Wave Imaging
PP PS
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VSP MAP PINCH-OUT TOWARD UNCOMFORMLITY
Surface Seismic
Time (s)
(
-1400 -1150 -900 -650 -400 -150
Pinch-out
-1400 -1150 -900 -650 -400 -150
Surface Seismic with VSP Finite Difference P-P Migrations Splice.
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18 levels in 3 wells:1LA-2 (8 levels)CAM885 (8 levels)CAM858 (2 levels)
Receiver Depths:Below the Jandaira Fm.Top geophone @ 560 m(below MSL)
~1850 shots,Elliptic pattern60 by 60m grid
HIGH RESOLUTION 3D VSP - Petrobras Multiwell 3D VSP
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HIGH RESOLUTION 3D VSP - Petrobras Multiwell 3D VSP
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NOTE:
Petrobras Drilled New Wells Based on the
3D VSP Imaging Results, and They Gained
More than 1000 Barrels/Day Increase in
Oil Production!
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Shell Benchmark - Tomography
• “Correct” model - all data generated in this model ( ZO, Offset VSP, WA)
• All Parties (Schlumberger, Baker, CGG and READ) is given the “Input” model
for initial velocity model.
• Contractor B (READ) recreated the “Correct model” with less than 10 m error
margin throughout the model.
Cor
rect
Inpu
t
Con
trac
tor
A
Con
trac
tor
B
RE
AD
Con
trac
tor
D
Con
trac
tor
C
Data Processing Benchmark
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•GREEN LINE is the correct fault position
•Migration results from READ Well services as Contractor B
•Other results from Schlumberger, Baker and CGG.
Shell Benchmark - Migration
Top Top RotliegendRotliegendfrom NAM modelfrom NAM model
Well boreWell bore
Contractor A Contractor B - READ
Contractor C Contractor D
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• READ Well Services benchmarked for BP (US) for 3D VSP
processing (2001) and became top ranked contractor.
• READ Well Services benchmarked for an European Company
(2004) and become top ranked.
Correct model Input model
Other International Benchmarks
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Contractor C Contractor D
Other International Benchmarks 2004
Contractor A Contractor B - READ
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Preliminary Proposal to 3D VSP at Bohai Field
Geological Background: Target depth 1300-1600m, delta deposits with lake facies,sand and mud layering, and highly lateral inhomogeneitydue to mini-faults and other mini-structures etc.
Typical Well:1798m(TVD 1635m), casing 13”3/8 at 478m + 9”5/8 at1798m
Water depth:32m
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Geological Objectives:
To resolve the sequences and those thin sand /mud interleave layers, to identify the mini-faults and other micro-structures through high resolution 3D VSP data, and therefore to increase oil production based on the new and more accurate geological model and its corresponding new development plan.
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GEOPHONE SPACING - RULES OF THUMB
15 m
One wavelength must be sampled twice to avoid aliasing
50 Hz 100 Hz
Example:
If Vp = 3000m/s, geophone spacing = 15 m, thenHighest Frequency = 3000/(2X15) = 100Hz
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16 Level SYGMA with 15m SpacingWireline Company Head, AdapterGamma ray Tool (GRT) 0.8 m, 51 lbsTelemetry Adaptor Section, 0.96 m, 39 lbs4.1m Interconnect Wireline Cable, 20 lbs
Satellite 1 0.9 m, 38 lbs
14.1m Interconnect Wireline Cable, 48 lbs
Satellite 16 0.9 m, 38 lbs4.1m Interconnect Wireline Cable, 20 lbs
Voltage Regulator Section (VRS) 4.22 m, 199 lbs, Includes VRS, Motion Detector, Bull Nose
2ms sampling rate
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SOURCE –RECEIVER OFFSET - RULES OF THUMB
no more than ~ 2 times receiver depth
surface
Target @ ~1200 m depth
1500 m offset
TRAVEL PATHS
550 m
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SOURCE –RECEIVER OFFSET - RULES OF THUMB
Direct arrival angle, no more than ~ 70-75 degrees
surface
Target @ ~1200 m depth
1500 m offset
550 m
angle
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TARGET LAYER COVERAGE - RULES OF THUMB
surface
Target @ ~1200 m depth
1500 m offset
550 m
Hg
H
R
X
R = X * (H –Hg)/(2H – Hg)
R = ~ 420 m
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Spiral Survey with Dual Source Arrays
For 3km maximum offset
and 25m source spacing:
Total ~45,000 shots
Or 50m source spacing:
Total ~11,500 shots
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If Shot of Survey with ~45,000 shot points:122 hours
If Shot of Survey with ~11,500 shot points:40 hours
Final Survey Parameters and Number ofShots should be Determined by Pre-surveyModeling Study!
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3D Geological Model Example for Survey Design
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Survey Geometry
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Imaging Coverage for Target Layer
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Major Deliverables of 3D VSP Project at ShuaiZhong 36-1 Field:
(1) High-resolution P-P Anisotropic MigrationImaging Cube(2) High-resolution P-S Anisotropic MigrationImaging Cube(3) Final Velocity Model
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READ IS A LEADER IN 3D VSP TECHNOLOGY!