Capt. Ab Manan Mansor16 July 2012.

Introduction ToRadio And Navigational Aids

History of RadioTelephone with cables was founded in 1860s

You can transmit voice from point to point using cable. Radio was founded in 1880s

voice could be transmitted without using cable and therefore called the Wireless.

In Malaysia, radio broadcasting was introduced in 1927.

It became a major media for the country.

Why Radio For AircraftRadio broadcasting was introduced in the early 1920s Used to send information and songs to receivers. Later send movies to the receiver (TV). Later send telephone calls to the a mobile receiver (mobile

phone). Later send movies to mobile receiver (mobile phone, Internet)A very important tool for aircraft.

For ATC communication – HF, VHF and UHFFor warning system – Ground Proximity Warning (GPW), Aircraft

Collision Warning (ACW), RADAR for weather, obstacles and enemies.

Navigational aids – ADF, NDB, VOR, DME, ILS, MLS, GPS. Without a radio an aircraft cannot fly legally (Annex 10).

Aircraft Radio Equipments Two way radio for oral communication

HF (3-30 MHz)VHF (30-300 MHz)UHF (300 – 3000 MHz)

Navigational Aid with transmitter station on the ground Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) Non Directional Beacon (NDB) VHF Omni Range (VOR) Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)Instrument Landing System (ILS) – landing aid for aircraft at airport

runway. Microwave Landing System (MLS) – landing aid for aircraft at

airport runway.Global Positioning System (GPS) – latest Nav. Aid

General Concept Transmitter – sender

Electricity through the antenna Causing Electrons to vibrate Causing radio wave (electro magnetic energy with wave)

Speed (how fast it goes - point to point)Length (distance between crest to crest of wave) Frequency (no of waves per second -Hertz)

Receiver - interpret signals with speakers Radio wave can travel 186,000 miles/second (speed of

light) or app 1 million Mach (speed of sound).

Radio Wave Properties

Radio Operations For two-way radios (HF,VHF, UHF)

Need to know station frequency Need to tune frequencyAnd communicate (radio telephony) by address call signs

For Nav Aids (ADF, NDB, VOR, DME, ILS, MLS)Need to know the station’s frequency Need to tune frequency Need to identify correct station – identification or Morse code Monitor the relevant instruments. And apply the flying skills.

For safety radios (RADAR, GPW and ACW) Switch on equipmentsMonitor relevant instruments.Take avoidance actions.