Introduction to Psychology Suzy Scherf Lecture 7: How Do We Act? Motivation and Emotion.
Introduction to Psychology Suzy Scherf Lecture 9: How Do We Know? Memory.
44
Introduction to Psychology Suzy Scherf Lecture 9: How Do We Know? Memory
-
Upload
leo-houston -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
1
Transcript of Introduction to Psychology Suzy Scherf Lecture 9: How Do We Know? Memory.
Introduction to PsychologySuzy Scherf
Lecture 9: How Do We Know?
Memory
Memory - What’s it for?
Why don’t we remember everything about all our past experiences?
1.
2.
Memory - What’s it for?
Why don’t we remember everything about all our past experiences?
3.
4.
Memory - What’s it for?
For our memory systems to function efficiently we have to forget much of our experience or ignore it all together (ie. never encode it).
Change Blindness - What’s Important for Us to Remember?
How is the Mind Organized to Think?Cognitive Processes
• Memory• Language• Categorization• Recognition• Object knowledge• Thinking about Minds
• Learning• Reading• Problem Solving• Cognitive Heuristics• Mathematics
Information Processing: Bottom-Up Influences
Bottom-Up Influences Example
What’s the Mind Designed to Do?
• Too general a problem -
Information Processing: Top-Down Influences
Top-Down Influences Example
Top-Down Influences Example
Top-Down Influences Example
Top-Down Influences Example:Change Blindness
• If cognition were only influenced by bottom-up processes, -
• How much of the physical stimulus do we actually encode and remember?
• What kind of information is important for us to hold on to for future reference?
Change Blindness - What’s Important for Us to Remember?
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.
The Organization of Cognition
• Cognitive Modules designed by Evolution =
• Triggered and influenced by environmental input =
Facts about Memory
•
•
•
• “Our memory is our coherence, our reason, our feeling, even our action.” - Luis Bunuel
Facts about Memory
•
•
•
Memory Modules
Short-Term/Working Memory (15-30 sec)
No Rehearsal
Long-Term Memory (years)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 5 10 15 25 35 50
Years since learning
Percentage Retention
Long-Term Memory (years)
Implicit Memory
• Being influenced by a memory -
• Priming:
ch _ _ mu _ _ _ og _ y _ _ _ _ v _ c _ do o _ t _ _ us
Implicit Memory
• Being influenced by a memory of a prior experience without having conscious memory of the experience.
• Procedural:
•
•
•
Explicit Memory
•
•
•
•
Explicit Memory
•
• Episodic:
•
•
•
Explicit Memory
• Memory for facts and events that is available to conscious recall
• Semantic:
•
•
•
Implicit vs. Explicit Memories
Memory Performance
Practice effect -
•
•
Retention effect -
•
•
Memory Performance
Retention Effect
•
Memory as a Designed Cognitive Module
•
Modularity within the Memory Module
• Memory for food vs. memory for water
• Memory on a short-term basis vs. memory on a long-term basis
• Memory for how to do things vs. memory for facts and events
Working Memory Deficits -
Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain
• Lesions to -
• ADHD?
D’Esposito, et al. 2000
Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain
Mammillary bodies
Hippocampus
Fornix
Mammillary bodies - Fornix - Hippocampus
Antegrade Amnesia -
Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain
•
•
•
Korsakof’s - can’t form new memories
Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain
•
• Oliver Sack’s patient Mr. Thompson
•
•
Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain
•
•
•
Retrograde Amnesia -
Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain
•
• Usually impairment in __________ memory
• A different pathology effects _________ memory
Alzheimer’s Disease -
Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain
Semantic Dementia -
Impairments in implicit memory:
Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain
•
•
• Involves damage to the ___________
Impairments in implicit memory:
Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain
Striatum = ________ + _________
Parkinson’s Disease -
Memory Modularity Reflected in the Brain
Huntington’s Disease -
Memory Modularity
Even though there are separate memory modules designed to solve problems that reflect real-world occurrences of events..
Memory Modules also interact:
