Introduction to Physiology: Homeostasis and Physiological ... · 07.11.2012 25 Copyright © 2004...
Transcript of Introduction to Physiology: Homeostasis and Physiological ... · 07.11.2012 25 Copyright © 2004...
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Yıldırım Beyazıt University School of Medicine Department of Physiology
Introduction to Physiology: Homeostasis and
Physiological Control Systems
Dr. Sinan Canan [email protected]
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Meet your physiology lecturer
Sinan Canan (PhD) Graduated biologist Former histologist (MSc) PhD in Medical Physiology Now, Assoc. Prof. in
YBU Medical School, Physiology Dep.
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Meet your physiology lecturer
My areas of interest: Neuroscience, human behavior, chaos and complexity, fractal geometry, science philosophy , medical education and everything about life and human...
http://www.sinancanan.net.tr
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Suggested books&resources Medical Physiology (A.C. Guyton)
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Suggested books&resources Human Physiology 2 or 3d Ed.
(D. U. Silverthorn)
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Suggested books&resources Review of Medical Physiology, 23th Ed.
(W.F. Ganong)
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Suggested books&resources Vander’s Human Physiology, 11th Ed.
(Widmaier, Raff, Strang)
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PHYSIOLOGY
What is physiology?
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What is Physiology?
Physics + Biology = Physiology The branch of science dealing with the
basic functions of living organisms Science of “function”
Physiological: “Normal”; not pathological; properties belonging to normal functions of tissues, organs or body...
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What is Physiology?
All things in physiology are about YOURSELF!
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What is LIFE?
?
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Basic properties of life
The Seven Properties Of Life: 1) Cellular organization, 2) Reproduction, 3) Metabolism, 4) Homeostasis, 5) Heredity, 6) Responsiveness, 7) Growth and development…
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Complexity and “emergence”
Emergence is the way that “complex systems” and “patterns” arise, out of a multiplicity of relatively simple and seemingly unrelated interactions.
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Complexity and “emergence”
Complex: Something with many parts in intricate arrangement.
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Complexity and “emergence”
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Complexity and “emergence”
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Complexity and “emergence”
Life is the most complex thing in this universe…
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Complexity and “emergence”
Emergent Properties Of Life: Order Reproduction Growth and Development Energy Utilization Response to Environment Homeostasis Adaptation
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• Physiological terms; • Function:
Things to do... • Mechanism:
How to do... • Organization of life:
• Cell is the basic unit of life
• Hierarchical organization: Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and organism
Structural and functional hierarchy
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Organ Systems
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• Cardiovascular System
• Respiratory System
• Digestive System
• Urinary System
• Reproductive System
• Musculoskeletal System
• Nervous System
• Endocrine System
• Immune System
Organ Systems
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Claude Bernard (1813-1878)
“Internal milieu”
“La fixité du milieu intérieur est la condition de la vie libre.”
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Evolution of Physiological Systems
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Substance exchange between body fluids
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Substance flow...
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Homeostasis
• Keeping the internal environment stable, against constantly changing circumstances...
• A dynamical balance of the internal environment
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• External or internal changes • Drifting away from Homeostasis • Necessary adjustments:
• Receptors, integration centers • Cell and tissue responses
Homeostasis and its control
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Homeostasis and its control
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Homeostasis and its control
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Homeostasis and its control
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Homeostasis and its control
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Homeostasis and its control
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• Succesful compensation • Homestasis re-
established • Unable to compensate
• Pathophysiology • Sickness • Death
Homeostasis
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Principles of “feedback”
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• Response attenuates the stimulus • Examples:
• Control of blood glucose • Control of blood oxygene and carbondioxide levels • Maintanence of sodium and fluid content of blood • Control of body temperature • Control of acidity of body fluids • Control of body weight • …………………
Negative Feedback
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Compensation limits in bleeding
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• Response enhances the stimulus • Examples:
• Blood coagulation • Birth • Generation of action potentials
Positive Feedback
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• Feed-forward controls (preparing the body for an anticipated change): • Control of movement and balance • Monitoring the external environment • Learning
Adaptive control systems
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• Adaptation and acclimatization • Biological rythms • Regulation of cell death-Apoptosis
Processes related to Homeostasis
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• Disruption of homeostasis results in diseases. • Destructive positive feedback loops can be
repressed by negative feedback loops.
Homeostatic imbalance
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Some links...
• Web Resources • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiology • http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-physiologist.htm • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_MmgaWYQfc • Inner life of a cell:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJyUtbn0O5Y (We will talk the details of this video later)
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That’s all for now...
• Lecture notes in pdf format: http://www.sinancanan.net.tr/p/english.html