Introduction to Passive Design (Buildings) Sep 2014

8/10/2019 Introduction to Passive Design (Buildings) Sep 2014

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SEMINARONPASSIVE& ACTIVEDESIGN

FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS25thAugust 2014

Hyatt Regency, Kota Kinabalu,Sabah

Passive Design The Key to

Bui ld ing Energy E f f ic iency

I r . H . P. L o o i ( m e k t r i c o n @ g m a i l . c o m )

B . E n g ( H o n s ) , F I E M , J u r u t e r a G a s

ht tp : / / www. j k r . gov . m y / bseep /

Part 1 Introduction to Passive Design


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2 SYNOPSIS

PASSIVE

DESIGN

measures are key considerations in the design of building for low energyand environmental performances. The importance of Passive Design is underscored by its

precedence over Active Design measures in green and low energy building.

PASSIVE DESIGN measures (which are principally architectural in nature) aims to embed

features into a building which are intrinsically green and low energy in nature. Active

measures are design features which requires activeinterventionof building systems (such

as air conditioning, mechanical ventilation, lighting systems etc) which will contribute to

green and/or low energy performances. Current pressing requirements for green design and

low energy in building which are increasingly driven by mandatory building codes (e.g.

recent revision to the UBBL incorporating parts of MS1525) requires knowledge of Passive

Design as in the skill set of the design architect.

THISPRESENTATIONis structured into 5 short subsections

(1) Introduction to Passive Design;(2) Building Thermal Envelope;

(3) Natural ventilation;

(4) Day-lighting;

(5) Case studies and simulation.

25 th August 2014


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25 th August 2014

3 SYNOPSISTOPART1INTRODUCTION

THIS PRESENTATION introduces the topic of passive design in the following

progressive manner:

(1) Building Energy ?

(2) Low Energy Building

(3) Passive design and active design

(4) Passive building components and building energy

(5) Quantifying building components contribution


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25 th August 2014


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25 th August 2014

5 BUILDINGENERGY

Typical Energy Use (kWh)

Typical Office Building


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25 th August 2014

6 BUILDINGENERGY

Kings Green Hotel,Melaka (3 Star Hotel)


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7 RESIDENTIALBUILDINGENERGY

What About Residential Buildings?

How do we measure Residential Building Energy?

In CETDEM study of around 2005, at least 55% of

energy use is attributed to fuel for transport.


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This is total Energy Use per family (middle income)

If we are only concerned with building energy, then weshould only focus on electricity use.


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But in many Malaysian home, if designed properly, noaircond units are required.


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10

10 COMMERSIALBUILDINGENERGY-- CONCLUSION

In Commercial buildings, we can conclude that building

energy comprise the following:

These are dependent

on building design.

This do not depend on

building design.

1. Air conditioning = 0% - 40%

2. Lighting = 8% - 20%

3. Appliances (fridge, oven) etc = 10% - 30%

4. General power outlets = 10% - 30%

For residential building a large part of building energy can

be attributed to life-style which may be due to socio-

economic, cultural and even geographic location in nature.

If is even possible for a residential building to be designed

without air conditioning.


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11



2. Lighting = 15% - 25%

3. Utilities = 10% - 30%


These are dependent

on building design.


building design.

It is possible to design a building which lessen energy useof those components listed above. These building

components can be said to be intrinsic to the building

OR part of the building character.

In Commercial buildings, we can conclude that building

energy comprise the following:


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12


In Residential buildings, we can conclude that buildingenergy comprise the following (only for typical middle

class Malaysian family:


2. Lighting = 15% - 25%

3. Utilities = 10% - 30%


These are dependent

on building design.


building design.

It is possible to design a building which lessen energy usof those components listed above. These building

components can be said to be intrinsic to the building

OR part of the building character.


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KeTTHA Low Energy Building (LEO)


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14 BUILDINGENERGYBENCHMARKS

Why do we need Building Energy Benchmarks ?

Building Energy Benchmarks are indicators of building performance

which is use as comparison between different building design (uniform

gauge for comparison).

Building performance benchmarks are important:

1. Indication of building environmental quality which may be demanded bythe market forces.

2. Benchmarks on which regulatory requirement on building energy

performance may be mandated, example:

BEI (Building Energy Index) defined by GBI for compliance scoring in

the GBI environmental rating system. OTTV (Overall thermal transfer value) of building which is a form of

building energy performance benchmark which is now mandatory in

some states

Building energy performance (BEI and/or OTTV) will increasingly be

method for


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For Commercial Buildings the following benchmarks by GBI &

JKR-BSEEP:

Levels Office BEI

per year

Hotel /

Resort, BEI

per year

Retail

Malls BEI/

year

Health care

BEI/year

Industrial

Building

BEI/year

Data

Centre

(PUE)

1 150kWh/m 200kWh/m 240kWh/m 200kWh/m 180kWh/m 1.9







8 - - - - 90kWh/m

Low Energy Building (LEO) is any building performance, level 6

and below!


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For Residential Buildings NO BEI benchmarks, BUT building

energy performance based on OTTV is practiced by GBI & JKR-BSEEP:

Levels GBI RNC Version 3 OTTV landed GBI RNC Version 3 OTTV High rise

1 50W/m 50W/m

246W/m 46W/m

3 44W/m 42W/m

4 42W/m 38W/m

5 40W/m 34W/m

6 38W/m 30W/m


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19 BUILDINGENERGYCOMPONENTS

Passive design features are features which are intrinsicto the building

(i.e. is an integral part or character of the building). Examples arewell insulated building,

orientation away from direct sun,

windows to allow natural day-light

Naturally ventilated building etc.

Active design features are features which are building systems (usually

mechanical and electrical in nature) which actively contributes to or

enhances the performance of a building (performance may include

energy or environmental quality). Examples are:

Air conditioning system

Artificial lighting

Mechanical ventilation

Lifts

Escalators etc.


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20 BUILDINGENERGYCOMPONENTS

Services Factors affecting kWh usage Parameters in design

ACMV Heat Transmission through walls/roof Weather Data

Solar irradiance OTTV, RTTV, Sun position & shading

calculation

Air Infiltration Weather data

Human population/traffic Time-based traffic

Lighting load Human traffic, day light factor

Machine load Occupancy Pattern

Utility

Lighting Human traffic Occupancy Pattern

Day Lighting Sun Position, glare control

Power/ Plug

Load

Human Traffic Occupancy Pattern

Utility Usage Pattern


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21 WHATAREAPASSIVEDESIGNFEATURES

Passive design features can be listed as the following design measures:1. Building Orientation (sun path)

2. Building thermal envelope (OTTV)

3. Roof thermal envelope (RTTV)

4. Micro climate of surrounding (landscaping)

5. Naturally ventilated building

6. Natural day lighting by windows, daylighting system such as light

tube, light shelf etc.


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22 MS1525 ANDPASSIVEDESIGN

25 th August 2014

MS1525 (now 3rd

edition 2014) hasthe following Parts

0. Introduction

1. Scope

2. Normative Reference3. Terms and Definitions

4. Architectural and passive

design strategy

5. Building Envelope

6. Lighting

7. Electric power and distribution

8. Energy management and

control system


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25 th August 2014

MS1525 Section 4 Architectural and

passive design strategy

1. Site planning & orientation

2. Daylighting

3. Faade design

4. Natural ventilation

5. Thermal insulation

6. Strategic landscaping and

7. Renewable energy (principallysolar)


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25 th August 2014

MS1525 Section 5 Building

Envelope contains the following:

1. Concept of Overall Building

Thermal Transfer (OTTV)

2. Sun path and building orientation

3. Shadings to mitigate solar

insolation

4. Daylighting

5. Roofs thermal performance

6. Roofs with skylights

7. Air leakage


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25 th August 2014

25 MS1525

Passive design features are can be listed as the following designmeasures:

1. Building Orientation (sun path)

2. Building thermal envelope (OTTV)

3. Roof thermal envelope (RTTV)4. Naturally ventilated building

5. Natural day lighting by windows, daylighting system such as light

tube, light shelf etc.


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20 March 2014


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20 March 201425 th August 2014

27 CASESTUDYTOQUANTIFYTHEBLDGENERGY

Building design features which contributes to building cooling energy

can be illustrated as follows:

Heat gain

thro walls

Heat gain thro windows

Air Infiltration (doors/

windows/ cracks)

Fresh Air

Intake People

heat gain Electric

Applianceheat gain

Heat gain & solar heat

gain thro roof (RTTV)

Lighting

heat gainElectric

Motor

heat gain


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Case study attempts to find out how much is the contribution of various

building components

The Model:


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Building Cooling Energy


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30 CASESTUDYTOQUANTIFYB.E.

Some Conclusion Building faade contributes to about 15% of cooling energy

Roof contribution is proportional to the ratio of roof space to total

built-up

Air intake or how leaky a building is contributes up to awhopping 25% to building cooling energy.

Electrical equipment inside building contributes a major 30%.

This component unfortunately is usually not influence by building

designers but by the M&E engineer. However building designed

with minimal or less dependency on electrical equipment will behave significant effect on building energy.

People or occupant only contribute from 15%-20% of B.E.

Understanding above and building usage pattern can assist

designers in building low energy building.


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T h a n k Yo u f o r Yo u r At t e n t i o n

PLANNINGANURBANTRANSITIONSUSTAINABILITYBENCHMARKS

SEMINARONPASSIVE& ACTIVEDESIGN

FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS25thAugust 2014

Hyatt Regency, Kota Kinabalu,Sabah

Passive Design The Key to

Bui ld ing Energy E f f ic iencyI r . H . P. L o o i ( m e k t r i c o n @ g m a i l . c o m )

B . E n g ( H o n s ) , F I E M , J u r u t e r a G a s

Part 1 Introduction to Passive Design

Introduction to Passive Design (Buildings) Sep 2014

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Transcript of Introduction to Passive Design (Buildings) Sep 2014