Introduction to Osteopathic Medicine Ronald Januchowski, D.O. Associate Dean, VCOM.
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Transcript of Introduction to Osteopathic Medicine Ronald Januchowski, D.O. Associate Dean, VCOM.
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Introduction to Osteopathic Medicine
Ronald Januchowski, D.O.
Associate Dean, VCOM
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Objectives
Review the history of Osteopathic Medicine
Introduce / review some common techniques
Practical applications
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History of Osteopathic Medicine Some dates
1874 – basic principles first articulated by A.T. Still, M.D.
1892 – first college founded in Kirksville, Missouri
1950 – start of full practice rights1967 – draft extends to D.O.1973 – full practice rights in all 50 states
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History of Osteopathic Medicine Basic tenets of Osteopathic Medicine
The body is a unit, and the person represents a combination of body, mind, and spirit.
The body is capable of self-regulation, self-healing, and health maintenance.
Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated. Rational treatment is based on an understanding of
these principles: body unity, self-regulation, and the interrelationship of structure and function
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History of Osteopathic Medicine Evolution of mission and identity
Year Identity or mission
1892-1950 Manual Medicine
1951-1972 Family Practice / manual therapy
1973 – present Full service, multispecialty care
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History of Osteopathic Medicine – Growth
FIRST YEAR ENROLLEMENT IN D.O. SCHOOLS
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History of Osteopathic Medicine – Growth Medical schools in the U.S.
34 D.O. schools137 M.D. schools
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History of Osteopathic Medicine – % by state
Location of osteopathic medicine schools are shown in red
% of physicians in state <3% 3-5% 5-10% 10-15% 15-25%
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History of Osteopathic MedicineD.O. vs. M.D.’s
D.O. 4 years of medical school Residency training Licensing exam Unlimited medical practice Use of Osteopathic
Manipulative Treatments in addition to medicines and/or surgery
M.D. 4 years of medical school Residency training Licensing exam Unlimited medical
practice Use of medicines and/or
surgery
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History of Osteopathic MedicineD.O. vs. Chiropractors
D.O. 4 years of medical school Manipulation as one
method of many treatment methods
Fully licensed, unlimited practice physicians
Chiropractic Medicine 4 years of chiropractic
school Use of spinal adjustment
is main method of treatment
Limited practice licensure
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Terminology - Diagnosis
Somatic dysfunctionImpaired function of the body
frameworkTreatable using OMTDescribed using
• Position of the part• Direction which motion is best or limited• TART
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Terminology - Treatment
Soft tissue techniques Effluerage / lymphatic techniques Counterstrain Muscle Energy HVLA
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Terminology – Treatment
Soft tissue stretchingLengthening linear/band musclesGentle techniqueCan be performed on acute injuries
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Terminology - Treatment
Effleurage Gentle techniqueImproves lymphatic flowReduces sympathetic tone to the area
Lymphatic pumpGenerally gentleImproves lymphatic flow
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Terminology – Treatment
CounterstrainGentle techniqueFind a dysfunction and place the area
in a position of comfortHold for 90 seconds and return to
neutral position
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Terminology - Treatment
Muscle EnergyTake dysfunction to barrierResist movement away from barrierRepeatWorks for small or large areasGentle technique
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Terminology - Treatment
High Velocity Low Amplitude (HVLA) Takes an area of dysfunction to a
barrierThrusting through the functional
barrier to improve movement
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Headaches in History
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Headaches in History
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Headache Types Primary
Migraine (with and without aura) headache Tension-type headache Cluster headache
SecondarySinus relatedVascular (AVM, aneurysm)Post traumaStructural or metabolic derangements
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Exam findings Structural exam findings
C1-C3 somatic dysfunctionTender points in particular headaches
• Frontal & orbital (C1, occipitomastoid)• Periorbital (C2, occipitomastoid, infraorbital and nasal)• Occipital (C4)
Motion restrictions in OA areaScapular / upper thoracic dysfunctionSacral dysfunction sometime involved
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Acute Treatment Plan Treat rapidly Restore patient’s function Optimize self-care Minimize side effects
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Acute Treatment – TTH Aspirin Acetominophen NSAIDs
Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, NaproxenKetorolac
Combinations with caffeineExcedrin Migraine, Advil Migraine
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Acute Treatment – TTH Butalbital or codeine combos
Not recommended for general patients because of side effects and/or overuse
May be used in patients who cannot use to other meds (pregnancy, renal failure)
Triptans, Muscle relaxantsNot effective in pure TTH
Other methodsOMT Ice, biofeedback
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Preventive Treatment – TTH Amitriptyline SNRIs
MirtazipineVenlafaxine
SSRIs – no benefit over placebo Anticonvulsants – limited data
GabapentinTopiramate
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Preventive Treatment – TTH Tizantidine – limited studies Botulinum toxin – no effect over placebo Behavioral therapy – limited studies Physical modalities
Spinal manipulation / OMT was less effective than Amitriptyline for initial pain, but had better lasting effect and less side effects
Craniocervical exercises effective
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Osteopathic techniques for headache treatment
Soft tissue techniquesOA / Cervical Spine / rhomboids
CounterstrainOA / Cervical
Muscle EnergyScalenes
HVLALumbar roll
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Questions?