Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)
-
Upload
monica-sharma -
Category
Education
-
view
57 -
download
7
Transcript of Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)
![Page 1: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to OERs
![Page 2: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What are…
![Page 3: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Open Things…
• Open Access• Open Content• Open Course ware• Open Source Software• Open Education / e-Learning• Open Educational Resources
• …and many more things
![Page 4: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Change in philosophy towards an “Open Movement”Open Source Software
Open Access
Open Licences
Open Science
Open Society
Open Educational Resources
Open Data
![Page 5: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Affordances of the Internet
Title : File:Internet map 1024.jpg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaSource : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Internet_map_1024.jpglicense : Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
![Page 6: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Available to other faculties, students and institutions.
Other educators can now discover and reuse.
Learning activity or resource
Creates
Designated as OER on web
Adapted from Conole, G., McAndrew, P. & Dimitriadis, Y., 2010
Shares with studentsand other faculty
Traditional sharing of teaching materials
Sharing educational resources as OER
Additional considerations:• Clearing of copyright issues• Formatting for web and accessibility for
reuse• Addition of descriptive metadata• Publishing in repository, referatory
or on the webEducator
…sharing beyond the classroom
![Page 7: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
• Alternative copyright Licensing
• A range of financial models
• Affordances of the Internet
• Change in philosophy
Social Technical
LegalFinancial
What has enabled OER?
![Page 8: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Beginning…
The term was first used at a UNESCO conference in 2002, although OERs were being produced and used before that time. For instance, the MIT OpenCourseWare project, which began in 2001, was one of the first major initiatives of the OER movement.
![Page 9: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Lets see how it all started…
http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/247
• In 1994 Wayne Hodgins coined the term “learning object,” and this term quickly entered the vernacular of educators and instructional designers.
• One role of learning objects in the history of OER is its popularization of the idea that digital materials can be designed and produced in such a manner as to be reused easily in a variety of pedagogical situations.
• Along with its emphasis on reuse, the learning object movement spawned several standards efforts aimed at detailing metadata, content exchange, and other standards necessary for users to find and reuse digital educational content (ARIADNE, IMS, IEEE LTSC / LOM, SCORM, &c.).
![Page 10: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Open Content
• In 1998 David Wiley coined the term “open content,” and while targeted at the educational community (and learning object creators specifically), the term quickly entered the vernacular of internet users.
![Page 11: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Open Source…FOSS…
• One role of open content in the history of OER is its popularization of the idea that the principles of the open source / free software movements can be productively applied to content, and the creation of the first widely adopted open license for content (the Open Publication License).
![Page 12: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Creative Commons…
• In 2001 Larry Lessig and others founded the Creative Commons and released a flexible set of licenses that were both a vast improvement on the Open Publication Licenses™ confusing license option structure and significantly stronger legal documents.
• One role of Creative Commons in the history of OER is the increase in credibility and confidence their legally superior, much easier to use licenses brought to the open content community.
![Page 13: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
2001 MIT announced its OpenCourseWare initiative
• to publish nearly every university course for free public access for noncommercial use. MIT OpenCourseWare has played many roles in the history of OER, including being an example of commitment at an institutional level, working actively to encourage similar projects, and lending the MIT brand to the movement.
![Page 14: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
2002: UNESCO
• As the number of institutions offering free or open courseware increased, UNESCO organized the 1st Global OER Forum in 2002 where the term Open Educational Resources (OER) was adopted.
![Page 15: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
2005: OER Community wiki
• With the support of the Hewlett Foundation, UNESCO created a global OER Community wiki in 2005 to share information and work collaboratively on issues surrounding the production and use of Open Educational Resources.
![Page 16: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Feb 2006: WikiEducator domain name registered
![Page 17: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
2006 October: OpenLearn of UKOU
![Page 18: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
2006 November
• FLOSS4Edu launches for African OER
• 2008: OER Africa launched
![Page 19: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Image source: http://www.bihardays.com/
What is an OER?
![Page 20: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Open Educational Resources (OER) are ‘materials offered freely and openly to use and adapt for teaching, learning, development and research’.
- The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) http://www.col.org/resources/crsMaterials/Pages/OCW-OER.aspx
![Page 21: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Open Educational Resources (OER) are teaching and learning materials that are freely available online for everyone to use, whether you are an instructor, student or self-learner. Examples of OER include: full courses, course modules, syllabi, lectures, homework assignments, quizzes, lab and classroom activities, pedagogical materials, games, simulations, and many more resources contained in digital media collections from around the world.
- OER Commons
http://www.oercommons.org/
![Page 22: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
OER are teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use and re-purposing by others. Open educational resources include full courses, course materials, modules, textbooks, streaming videos, tests, software, and any other tools, materials, or techniques used to support access to knowledge.
- The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
![Page 23: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Open Educational Resourcesfree and openly licensed educational materials that can be used for • teaching, • learning, • research, and • other purposes.
![Page 24: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Image Source: http://wikieducator.org/Educators_care/Defining_OER
“Open” in Open Content
5Rs Framework• Reuse• Revise• Remix• Redistribute• Retain
"A door can be wide open, mostly open, cracked slightly open, or completely closed. So can your eyes, so can a window, etc.“ – David Wiley
http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/1123http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/1123[
![Page 25: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Types of Open Educational Resources
• Courses• Course materials • Content modules • Learning objects • Collections, and • Journals
![Page 26: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Open Educational Resources
Shared
Shared freely and openly to
be…
Used
Improved
Redistributed
… used by anyone to … … adapt / repurpose/
improve under some type of license in order
to …
… redistribute and share
again.
Open Content / Open educational resources (OER) / Open Courseware are educational materials which are discoverable online and openly licensed that can be:
![Page 27: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Alternative copyright Licensing
![Page 28: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
A range of financial models
• Donor funding – e.g. Hewlett Foundation• Marketing budget – e.g. Open University• Commission – e.g. MIT and Amazon• Endowment – e.g. Stanford Encyclopedia of
Philosophy• Membership – e.g. Sakai Consortium, OCWC• Government – e.g. NROER – Govt of India
funding
![Page 29: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Recap: What makes an OER?
• Educational curriculum, materials or mixed media
• Discoverable online as they are shared freely and openly
• Openly licensed (usually Creative Commons)• Can be legally used by anyone to repurpose/
improve and redistribute
![Page 30: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Strategies…
![Page 31: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Open Educational Practice (OEP)
A characteristic of Open Educational Practice, compared with conventional forms of professional practice, is that it changes the nature of relationships…
http://littlebylittlejohn.com/do-oer-funded-initiatives-impact-professional-practice/
- Allison Littlejohn, Lou McGill, Isobel Falconer, Jay Dempster
![Page 32: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
What this change is?
• Between academics and support staff (as people work in multi-disciplinary teams, sharing areas of expertise);
• Amongst academics (as teaching practice shifts from individual practice to cross-institutional and inter-institutional collaboration);
• Between academics and students (as teachers and learners (who may not be registered with a university) interact in new ways);
• Between academics and organisations {including the university where they are employed} (as university activities open up).
![Page 33: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
What further we can do?
![Page 34: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Explore… find… search…
Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Educationhttp://www.iskme.org
![Page 35: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Collaborate for content creation…
Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Educationhttp://www.iskme.org
![Page 36: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Collaborate for content creation…
![Page 37: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Author: Document, remix, license, and share OER
http://wikieducator.org/User:Kalpanagupte/My_Projects
![Page 38: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Curate…Create a specific collection of OER for easy access and sharing
http://www.scoop.it/t/open-learning-newshttp://www.scoop.it/t/open-educational-resources-oer
![Page 39: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Share…
http://wikieducator.org/User:Rashkath
![Page 40: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
JoinOER Foundation…
![Page 41: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Beome a proud member of WikiEducator
![Page 43: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
http://wikieducator.org/Main_Page
![Page 44: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
WikiEducator - India
http://wikieducator.org/India
![Page 45: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Free professional development opportunity from the OER Foundation
![Page 46: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
OER Project: Guide for newly enrolled distance learners
![Page 47: Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55b9dfd3bb61ebcb468b45ba/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Thank You !