Introduction to Oceanography (Marine Science) MS 101
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Transcript of Introduction to Oceanography (Marine Science) MS 101
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
Introduction to Oceanography(Marine Science) MS 101
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
Expectations??????
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
1- Multidisplinary Vs unidisciplinary?2- Definition.3- Why we study Oceanography?
4- World Ocean. 5-Ocean benefits/ uses.
6- Living resources Vs non living resources.7- Extractive Vs non extractive resources.
8- History of Oceanography. 9-Trade voyage Vs Scientific Voyage. 10- Library of Alexandria. 11- Expeditions.
Contents
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
Activity #1What do you think?
Is Oceanography a unidisciplinary orMultidisciplinary Science?
االتجاهات متعدد ام االتجاه احادى البحار علوم علم ؟هل
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
Oceanography • Oceanography is a multidisciplinary Science, one in which
scientists with many different specialties must work together.For example, the life at the bottom (geology) of the ocean food chain (biology) depends upon nutrients (chemicals) which are often brought up to the surface of the ocean by waves and ocean currents (physics). We can study how the amount of life (biology) changed in the past by study their remains ”fossils” on the ocean floor (geology)……..
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
Why we study Oceanography ?
• Earth is a water planet
• Over 97% of the water on or near Earth’s surface is contained in the ocean
• The ocean may be defined as the vast body of saline water that occupies the depressions of the Earth’s surface.
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
• Earth is the only planet with evidence of life and its water that creates this uniqueness.
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
How many Oceans Cover the Earth?Mention and enumerate
Activity #2
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
The World Ocean
Area(106 km2)
Mean Depth(km)
Volume (106 km3)
Pacific OceanAtlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
165.282.473.4
4.2823.9263.963
707.6323.6291.0
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
• Humans began using the ocean long before there was a formal science of oceanography.
• Oceans contain resources which are of great importance to the future of humanity
What are the uses of Oceans ?
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
The resources of the oceans are:
Living Non-Living
Biological Physical
Extractive Non-extractive
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Classes of Marine Resources
Physical resources:
Mineral deposits, petroleum, natural gas, freshwater
Biological resources:
Plants and animals, microbes
Marine energy resources:
Energy from heat or motion of water
Non-extractive resources:
Transportation, recreation, waste disposal
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Renewable vs non-renewable Resources
• Renewable: • it can regenerate itself.• Can be harvested at a
sustainable manner for indefinite periods of time if they managed properly.
• Renewable does not mean inexhaustible.
• Ex: Fishery resources
• Non-renewable:
• is fixed in quantity.• Ex: oil & gas• Minerals
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
Biological (Living) resources• Are living animals and plants collected for
human use
• It is the main reserve of protein food either from fisheries or mariculture…….
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
the ocean was used for food
Fish
Squid
seaweed
clams
shrimp
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
Non-living resources
Physical resourcesResult from the deposition, precipitation, or
accumulation of useful substances in the ocean or seabed.
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
Oil and gasesAbout 1/3 rd of the world oil and gas is pumped out of the ocean floor.
They are often found together beneath impermeable cap-rock. Drilling for oil offshore requires specialized equipment and is more costly than drilling on land.
.
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
• Salts and Minerals • Magnesium• Sodium chloride• Manganese nodules• Phosphorite• Metallic sulfides and muds
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Fresh Water•Only 0.071% of Earth’s water is liquid, fresh, •and available at the surface for humans.•More than 1500 desalination plants worldwide•3.5 billion gallons/day, and rising!
• 0.6% is available as ground water.
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
Marine Energy – Wave MotionResult from the extraction of energy
directly from the heat or motion of ocean floor.
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
Nonextractive resources
• Coastal and marine tourism• Transportation• Coastal facilities; harbours …..
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What is the relationship between marine resources and National Income?
Discuss
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
- It is much easier and cheaper to move goods and people over the ocean than over land.
-This was obviously true in the past, when the sailing ships relied on the free power supplied by the wind.
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
البحار علوم خريج
علوم معهدالبحار
الصرف هيئةالصحى
البترول شركات
حماية معهدالشواطئ
السمكية الثروة هيئة
السمكية المزارع
الموانى مصلحةوالمنائر
األستشعار هيئةبعد من
األدوية شركاتالتحاليل معامل
البحار علوم قسم
البيئة شئون الغارقة جهاز األثار بيئة
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
Put (√) or (X)1) Less than 80% of the water on or near Earth’s
surface is contained in the ocean.2) The ocean is a vast body of saline water.3) There are only 3 oceans on Earth.4) Atlantic Ocean is the smallest ocean.5) The resources of the oceans are living and non-
living.6) Fish, Sea weeds and marine energy are living
resources.
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Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology
7) Physical resources resulted from the deposition, precipitation, or accumulation of useful substances in the ocean or seabed.
8) Oil and gases are physical resources.9) About ¼ of the world oil and gas is pumped out of the
ocean floor.10) Marine energy resulted from the extraction of energy
directly from the heat or motion of ocean floor.
11) Coastal and marine tourism are physical resources.
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Summary