Introduction to Occupational Safety & Health: Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response...

Introduction to Introduction to Occupational Safety & Health: Occupational Safety & Health:

HazHazardous ardous WWaste aste OpOperations and erations and EEmergency mergency RResponse esponse

((HAZWOPERHAZWOPER))

Introduction to Introduction to Occupational Safety & Health: Occupational Safety & Health:

HazHazardous ardous WWaste aste OpOperations and erations and EEmergency mergency RResponse esponse

((HAZWOPERHAZWOPER))

Andrew Burgie, M.S.Andrew Burgie, M.S.

Center for Occupational & Environmental HealthCenter for Occupational & Environmental Healthat Hunter Collegeat Hunter College

Presentation OverviewPresentation OverviewPresentation OverviewPresentation Overview

Basic Concepts in Protecting Worker Health Basic Concepts in Protecting Worker Health & Safety & Safety

Hazardous Waste LegislationHazardous Waste Legislation HAZWOPER CoursesHAZWOPER Courses Questions and CommentsQuestions and Comments

Basic Concepts in Protecting Basic Concepts in Protecting Worker Health & SafetyWorker Health & Safety

Basic Concepts in Protecting Basic Concepts in Protecting Worker Health & SafetyWorker Health & Safety

Health & Safety Standards & TerminologyHealth & Safety Standards & Terminology OSHA Regulation “General Duty Clause”OSHA Regulation “General Duty Clause”

Occupational Safety and Health Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) - Act (OSHA) - LaborLabor


Covers only Covers only privateprivate employers employers State may have public employee version of State may have public employee version of

OSHA standard as long as it isOSHA standard as long as it is “at least as “at least as stringent” stringent” as the federal standardas the federal standard

OSHA’s facility inspection program can be OSHA’s facility inspection program can be random, planned, complaint-driven, by random, planned, complaint-driven, by referral, or accident-drivenreferral, or accident-driven

Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) are the are the legally enforceable exposure limits usedlegally enforceable exposure limits used

Standard DefinitionsStandard DefinitionsStandard DefinitionsStandard Definitions

OSHA PELsOSHA PELs : : OOccupational ccupational SSafety and afety and HHealth ealth AAdministration dministration PPermissible ermissible EExposure xposure LLimitsimits

Employee exposed for 8 hours/day; 40 Employee exposed for 8 hours/day; 40 hours/week; until retirement hours/week; until retirement withoutwithout experiencing adverse health effectsexperiencing adverse health effects

Legally enforceable Legally enforceable exposure limitsexposure limits

OSHA General Duty ClauseOSHA General Duty ClauseOSHA General Duty ClauseOSHA General Duty Clause

““Employee has right to safe and healthy Employee has right to safe and healthy workplaceworkplace””

EmployerEmployer must provide safe & healthy must provide safe & healthy workplaceworkplace

EmployeeEmployee must abide by rules and must abide by rules and regulations insuring a safe & healthy regulations insuring a safe & healthy workplaceworkplace

Material Safety Data Sheets Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)(MSDS)

Material Safety Data Sheets Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)(MSDS)

Important document that explains how to Important document that explains how to protectprotect a a worker worker againstagainst the the physicalphysical and and chemicalchemical properties of a substance used at work.properties of a substance used at work.

The document shall identify:The document shall identify: Substance Name and Hazardous IngredientsSubstance Name and Hazardous Ingredients Physical Properties and Fire and Explosion DataPhysical Properties and Fire and Explosion Data Substance StabilitySubstance Stability Short and Long Term Health Hazard DataShort and Long Term Health Hazard Data Proper Use and Handling of SubstanceProper Use and Handling of Substance Proper Protective Clothing to be Worn by WorkerProper Protective Clothing to be Worn by Worker

Hazardous Waste LegislationHazardous Waste LegislationHazardous Waste LegislationHazardous Waste Legislation

Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - (EPA) - Controlled WasteControlled Waste

Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - (EPA) - Controlled WasteControlled Waste

RCRARCRA - Resource Conservation & - Resource Conservation & Recovery Act (1976) Recovery Act (1976)

Waste treatment was addressed from “Waste treatment was addressed from “cradle cradle to graveto grave” (waste creation to final disposal)” (waste creation to final disposal)

Only applies to Only applies to active facilities and future active facilities and future facilities facilities and does not address abandoned or and does not address abandoned or historical waste sites historical waste sites

Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - (EPA) - Uncontrolled WasteUncontrolled Waste


CERCLACERCLA – Comprehensive – Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (1980)and Liability Act (1980)

Chemical companies were taxed and that money Chemical companies were taxed and that money was put into a “was put into a “SuperfundSuperfund” to clean up abandoned ” to clean up abandoned waste siteswaste sites

““Hazard Ranking System (HRS)”Hazard Ranking System (HRS)” was developed to was developed to rank abandoned waste sites from “most dangerous rank abandoned waste sites from “most dangerous to least dangerous” to least dangerous”

““HRS” resulted in HRS” resulted in National Priorities ListNational Priorities List



SARASARA – Superfund Amendments & – Superfund Amendments & Reauthorization Act (1985)Reauthorization Act (1985)

Extended CERCLA’s authority to address wasteExtended CERCLA’s authority to address waste Community Right-to-KnowCommunity Right-to-Know enabled public to enabled public to

identify neighborhood industrial properties that identify neighborhood industrial properties that generate hazardous materialsgenerate hazardous materials

Toxic Release InventoriesToxic Release Inventories enabled public to identify enabled public to identify neighborhood industrial properties that released neighborhood industrial properties that released hazardous materials into air, soil and waterhazardous materials into air, soil and water www.epa.gov/triwww.epa.gov/tri



““HAZWOPER”HAZWOPER” – Hazardous Waste Operations – Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (1989)and Emergency Response (1989)

Requires health and safety training for Requires health and safety training for persons managing hazardous materialspersons managing hazardous materials

HAZWOPER Course ExamplesHAZWOPER Course ExamplesHAZWOPER Course ExamplesHAZWOPER Course Examples

HAZWOPER Training CoursesHAZWOPER Training CoursesHAZWOPER Training CoursesHAZWOPER Training Courses

HAZWOPER Worker – 40 Hours HAZWOPER Worker – 40 Hours (initial training)(initial training) Additional 3 days on-site training after courseAdditional 3 days on-site training after course

HAZWOPER Refresher – 8 Hours HAZWOPER Refresher – 8 Hours (annual training)(annual training)

HAZWOPER Supervisor – 8 HoursHAZWOPER Supervisor – 8 Hours Specialized Sites (RCRA TSD) – 24 HoursSpecialized Sites (RCRA TSD) – 24 Hours Emergency Response (Specialized Trainings)Emergency Response (Specialized Trainings)

AwarenessAwareness - 8 Hours- 8 Hours OperationsOperations - 8 Hours- 8 Hours TechnicianTechnician - 24 Hours- 24 Hours SpecialistSpecialist - 24 Hours- 24 Hours On-Scene Incident CommandOn-Scene Incident Command - 8 Hours- 8 Hours

HAZWOPER – Training HighlightsHAZWOPER – Training HighlightsHAZWOPER – Training HighlightsHAZWOPER – Training Highlights

Hazard Hazard RecognitionRecognition, , EvaluationEvaluation, & , & ControlControl Site Characterization & AnalysisSite Characterization & Analysis Site ControlSite Control Engineering Controls, Work Practices, etc.Engineering Controls, Work Practices, etc. Monitoring of Site and PersonnelMonitoring of Site and Personnel Handling of Hazardous Waste ContainersHandling of Hazardous Waste Containers Decontamination ProceduresDecontamination Procedures Emergency ResponseEmergency Response

HAZWOPER – HAZWOPER – Hazard Hazard RecognitionRecognitionHAZWOPER – HAZWOPER – Hazard Hazard RecognitionRecognition

How can you recognize hazards?How can you recognize hazards? What Types of Hazards Exist?What Types of Hazards Exist? What Threats are Posed by Careless What Threats are Posed by Careless

Disposal?Disposal? When Is It Hazardous Waste?When Is It Hazardous Waste? DOT Emergency Response GuidebookDOT Emergency Response Guidebook

What Types of Hazards Exist?What Types of Hazards Exist?What Types of Hazards Exist?What Types of Hazards Exist?

Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards (corrosive, ignitable, (corrosive, ignitable, toxic, reactive, etc.)toxic, reactive, etc.)

Biological Hazards Biological Hazards (bacteria, viruses, fungi)(bacteria, viruses, fungi) Physical Hazards Physical Hazards (heat, noise, radiation)(heat, noise, radiation) Safety Hazards (slips, trips, falls)Safety Hazards (slips, trips, falls) ErgonomicErgonomic Hazards (repetitive stress Hazards (repetitive stress

injuries)injuries)

Threats Posed by Careless DisposalThreats Posed by Careless DisposalThreats Posed by Careless DisposalThreats Posed by Careless Disposal

Direct ContactDirect Contact Hazardous chemical spill on skinHazardous chemical spill on skin

Fire and/or ExplosionsFire and/or Explosions Oil tanker on fire on highway Oil tanker on fire on highway

Poison via the Food ChainPoison via the Food Chain Eating fish contaminated with mercuryEating fish contaminated with mercury

Threats Posed by Careless DisposalThreats Posed by Careless DisposalThreats Posed by Careless DisposalThreats Posed by Careless Disposal

Air PollutionAir Pollution Breathing in vehicle fumes or smogBreathing in vehicle fumes or smog

Surface Water ContaminationSurface Water Contamination A factory dumpling chemicals in a river (PCBs)A factory dumpling chemicals in a river (PCBs)

Groundwater ContaminationGroundwater Contamination A large dry cleaner spilling chemicals into the A large dry cleaner spilling chemicals into the

groundground

Hazardous Materials Spill /LeakHazardous Materials Spill /LeakHazardous Materials Spill /LeakHazardous Materials Spill /Leak

Spill/leak ground penetration analysis of vehicle fuel Spill/leak ground penetration analysis of vehicle fuel

““Superfund” SiteSuperfund” Site““Superfund” SiteSuperfund” Site

A.L. TAYLOR SITE (VALLEY OF DRUMS), BROOKS, KYA.L. TAYLOR SITE (VALLEY OF DRUMS), BROOKS, KY

Record of Decision (liability) 06/18/1986 – Famous Superfund SiteRecord of Decision (liability) 06/18/1986 – Famous Superfund Site

When Is It Hazardous Waste?When Is It Hazardous Waste?When Is It Hazardous Waste?When Is It Hazardous Waste?

IfIf & & WhenWhen hazardous substances (defined as hazardous substances (defined as ignitable, corrosive, reactive, or toxicignitable, corrosive, reactive, or toxic materials) are materials) are discardeddiscarded or or intended to be intended to be discardeddiscarded such as: such as:

Non-usable commercial chemical productsNon-usable commercial chemical products Used oil from car repair shopUsed oil from car repair shop

Contaminated soil, water, or other debris Contaminated soil, water, or other debris from chemical spill cleanupfrom chemical spill cleanup Oil spill in ocean from oil tankerOil spill in ocean from oil tanker

2004 Emergency Response 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook – Hazard IDGuidebook – Hazard ID

2004 Emergency Response 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook – Hazard IDGuidebook – Hazard ID

Department of Transportation Department of Transportation Vehicle Placards – Hazard IDVehicle Placards – Hazard IDDepartment of Transportation Department of Transportation Vehicle Placards – Hazard IDVehicle Placards – Hazard ID

HAZWOPER – HAZWOPER – Hazard Hazard EvaluationEvaluationHAZWOPER – HAZWOPER – Hazard Hazard EvaluationEvaluation

How can you evaluate hazards?How can you evaluate hazards? Monitoring of Site and PersonnelMonitoring of Site and Personnel

Air, soil, and water monitoringAir, soil, and water monitoring Worker exposure monitoringWorker exposure monitoring

Direct-Reading Devices for AirDirect-Reading Devices for AirDirect-Reading Devices for AirDirect-Reading Devices for Air

Four Gas Meter / PID comboFour Gas Meter / PID combo – – explosive gas, oxygen, hydrogen explosive gas, oxygen, hydrogen

sulfide, carbon monoxide / sulfide, carbon monoxide / VOCsVOCs

Colorimetric tubesColorimetric tubes – – gases, fumes, vapors, mists gases, fumes, vapors, mists (tube medium changes (tube medium changes

color)color)

Photo Ionization Detector (PID)Photo Ionization Detector (PID) – volatile organic – volatile organic

compounds (counts number of compounds (counts number of ions in air)ions in air)

Direct-Reading Devices for AirDirect-Reading Devices for AirDirect-Reading Devices for AirDirect-Reading Devices for Air

Colorimetric tubesColorimetric tubes – Contaminated air pumped – Contaminated air pumped through tubes by air pumping device – tubes change through tubes by air pumping device – tubes change

color, if contaminant is present in significant quantitycolor, if contaminant is present in significant quantity

PIDPID – Contaminated air pumped through – Contaminated air pumped through tubes by air pumping device – display tubes by air pumping device – display

number increases, if contaminant is present number increases, if contaminant is present in significant quantityin significant quantity

HAZWOPER – Hazard HAZWOPER – Hazard ControlControlHAZWOPER – Hazard HAZWOPER – Hazard ControlControl

How can you control hazards?How can you control hazards? Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Protective Clothing (suits, gloves, boots, etc.)Protective Clothing (suits, gloves, boots, etc.) Respiratory Protective EquipmentRespiratory Protective Equipment

Remediation Technologies (site-specific)Remediation Technologies (site-specific)

Protective Clothing - SuitsProtective Clothing - SuitsProtective Clothing - SuitsProtective Clothing - Suits

LEVEL “A”LEVEL “A” LEVEL “B”LEVEL “B” LEVEL “C”LEVEL “C”

Protective Equipment - Protective Equipment - RespiratoryRespiratory

Protective Equipment - Protective Equipment - RespiratoryRespiratory

““half-face”half-face”

““full-face”full-face”

Air tank

Remediation TechnologiesRemediation Technologies ChemicalChemical

Neutralization, PrecipitationNeutralization, Precipitation Oxidation ReductionOxidation Reduction Ion ExchangeIon Exchange DisinfectionDisinfection

PhysicalPhysical Screening, SedimentationScreening, Sedimentation FiltrationFiltration Stripping, Air and SteamStripping, Air and Steam

BiologicalBiological AerobicAerobic AnaerobicAnaerobic

Remediation TechnologiesRemediation TechnologiesRemediation TechnologiesRemediation Technologies

““Capped” landfillCapped” landfill

Remediation TechnologiesRemediation Technologies

Removing Chemical Vapor from SoilRemoving Chemical Vapor from Soil

Hazardous Site ConversionHazardous Site ConversionHazardous Site ConversionHazardous Site Conversion

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/action/process/mgmtrpt.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/superfund/action/process/mgmtrpt.htm

Luminous ProcessorsLuminous ProcessorsAthens, GeorgiaAthens, Georgia

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

QUESTIONS & DISCUSSIONQUESTIONS & DISCUSSION

__________________________________________________________________________

ANDREW BURGIE, M.S.ANDREW BURGIE, M.S.

Center for Occupational and Environmental Center for Occupational and Environmental Health at Hunter CollegeHealth at Hunter College

Introduction to Occupational Safety & Health: Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response...

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