AW101 Introduction to AW101 Introduction to Occupational Safety & Occupational Safety &

Health Health (Chapter 1)(Chapter 1)

By Mr. Michael SillangBy Mr. Michael Sillang

LecturerLecturer

Department of Electrical Eng.Department of Electrical Eng.

Polytechnic Mukah SarawakPolytechnic Mukah Sarawak

What is occupational Safety What is occupational Safety and Health?and Health?

What is occupational Safety What is occupational Safety and Health?and Health?

Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a cross-disciplinarycross-disciplinary area concerned with  area concerned with protecting the safety, health and protecting the safety, health and welfarewelfare of  of people engaged in people engaged in work or employmentwork or employment. . The goals of occupational safety and health The goals of occupational safety and health programs include fostering a safe and programs include fostering a safe and healthy work environment. OSH may also healthy work environment. OSH may also protect co-workers, family members, protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers, and many others employers, customers, and many others who might be affected by the workplace who might be affected by the workplace environment.environment.

The main focus in occupational The main focus in occupational health is on three different health is on three different objectives: objectives:

(i) The maintenance and (i) The maintenance and promotion of workers’ health promotion of workers’ health and working capacity; and working capacity;

(ii) The improvement of working (ii) The improvement of working environment and work to environment and work to become conducive to safety become conducive to safety and health and and health and

((iii) Development of work iii) Development of work organizations and working organizations and working cultures in a direction which cultures in a direction which supports health and safety at supports health and safety at work and in doing so also work and in doing so also promotes a positive social promotes a positive social climate and smooth operation climate and smooth operation and may enhance productivity and may enhance productivity of the undertakings.of the undertakings.

The concept of working culture is The concept of working culture is a reflection of the essential value a reflection of the essential value systems adopted by the systems adopted by the undertaking concerned. Such a undertaking concerned. Such a culture is reflected in practice in culture is reflected in practice in the managerial systems, the managerial systems, personnel policy, principles for personnel policy, principles for participation, training policies participation, training policies and quality management of the and quality management of the undertaking.undertaking.

History of Occupational Safety History of Occupational Safety & Health& Health

The Machinery Department in Malaya The Machinery Department in Malaya undertakes the duties of engineer undertakes the duties of engineer Surveyors and of factories inspectors, Surveyors and of factories inspectors, and is responsible for the safety of and is responsible for the safety of boilers, unfired pressure vessels and boilers, unfired pressure vessels and hoisting machine. In addition it is hoisting machine. In addition it is responsible for the safety, health and responsible for the safety, health and welfare of persons employed in welfare of persons employed in

factories.factories.

History of Occupational Safety History of Occupational Safety & Health& Health

Information on the earliest days is Information on the earliest days is incomplete but there is reason to incomplete but there is reason to believe that and inspector of believe that and inspector of machines was appointed at Taiping, machines was appointed at Taiping, Perak as early as 1878. His duties is Perak as early as 1878. His duties is not known, neither is the legislation not known, neither is the legislation under which he was appointed, but it under which he was appointed, but it is probable that he was concerned is probable that he was concerned only whit the safety of the boilers that only whit the safety of the boilers that coming in to use for pumping water at coming in to use for pumping water at the mines of Larut.the mines of Larut.

History of Occupational Safety History of Occupational Safety & Health& Health

About 1890 the Perak state government About 1890 the Perak state government instituted a system where by private instituted a system where by private persons were permitted to act as boiler persons were permitted to act as boiler surveyors. They were granted licenses surveyors. They were granted licenses for which they paid a fee of $1 per for which they paid a fee of $1 per annum, and were empowered to charge annum, and were empowered to charge $12 for a complete inspection of a boiler $12 for a complete inspection of a boiler and $5 for testing a boiler under steam and $5 for testing a boiler under steam to ensure the correct setting of the to ensure the correct setting of the safety valves. safety valves.

History of Occupational Safety History of Occupational Safety & Health& Health

In 1953, a year after the birth of the In 1953, a year after the birth of the Machinery Department, a new Machinery Department, a new Ordinance, was passed by which the Ordinance, was passed by which the Federated Malay States, Johore, Kedah Federated Malay States, Johore, Kedah and Straits Settlements (as far as and Straits Settlements (as far as Penang and Malacca were concerned) Penang and Malacca were concerned) Enactments were repealed, together Enactments were repealed, together with any Rules made under the Johore, with any Rules made under the Johore, Kedah and Straits Settlements Kedah and Straits Settlements Enactments. Enactments.

History of Occupational Safety History of Occupational Safety & Health& Health

The Federated Malay States Rules The Federated Malay States Rules remained in force and applied to all remained in force and applied to all the territories comprising the the territories comprising the Federation of Malaya. Thus Federation of Malaya. Thus machinery throughout the country machinery throughout the country became subject to one Ordinance became subject to one Ordinance and one set of regulation. Under the and one set of regulation. Under the Machinery Ordinance No. 18 of 1953 Machinery Ordinance No. 18 of 1953 various Regulations have been made. various Regulations have been made.

History of Occupational Safety History of Occupational Safety & Health& Health

The main provisions are: -The main provisions are: -

1. The provision of a Board of Examiners with 1. The provision of a Board of Examiners with power to hold examinations and issue power to hold examinations and issue Certificates of Competency. Certificates of Competency. 

2. The making of regulations regarding all 2. The making of regulations regarding all aspects of factories and machinery. aspects of factories and machinery. 

3. The necessity for Certificates of Fitness, 3. The necessity for Certificates of Fitness, without hitch machinery cannot be without hitch machinery cannot be

operated. operated. 4. The necessity for qualified person4. The necessity for qualified person to be in to be in

charge of machinery.charge of machinery.  5. The periodic inspection of machinery. 5. The periodic inspection of machinery. 

History of Occupational Safety History of Occupational Safety & Health& Health

6. The approval of an Inspector before installing or 6. The approval of an Inspector before installing or altering machinery. altering machinery. 

7. The reporting of accidents, both to persons and 7. The reporting of accidents, both to persons and property on premises which contain machinery, property on premises which contain machinery, and the investigation of such accidents. and the investigation of such accidents. 

8. That no person shall act in a manner likely to 8. That no person shall act in a manner likely to cause injury to any person or tamper with safety cause injury to any person or tamper with safety devices. devices. 

9. That machinery which does not comply with the 9. That machinery which does not comply with the regulations shall not be sold or let on hire. regulations shall not be sold or let on hire. 

10. The granting of power of entry to Inspectors and 10. The granting of power of entry to Inspectors and the power to render inoperative any unsafe the power to render inoperative any unsafe machinery.machinery.

History of Occupational Safety History of Occupational Safety & Health& Health

The first Regulations to be made under the The first Regulations to be made under the Ordinance concerned Electric Passenger and Ordinance concerned Electric Passenger and Goods Lifts. No revolutionary requirements Goods Lifts. No revolutionary requirements are contained in the Regulations which are are contained in the Regulations which are based on accepted Codes of Practice in use based on accepted Codes of Practice in use throughout the world and then followed by throughout the world and then followed by Safety, Health and Welfare Regulations, a Safety, Health and Welfare Regulations, a notable advance in social legislation in notable advance in social legislation in Malaya in that minimum standards are laid Malaya in that minimum standards are laid down regarding the safety, health and down regarding the safety, health and welfare of factory employees. welfare of factory employees.

History of Occupational Safety History of Occupational Safety & Health& Health

The main requirements are:-The main requirements are:-1. Access to machinery and available 1. Access to machinery and available

floor space to prevent overcrowding. floor space to prevent overcrowding. 2. Alternative means of exit from upper 2. Alternative means of exit from upper

floors in case of fire and the provision floors in case of fire and the provision of fire extinguishers.  of fire extinguishers. 

3. Safety in the use and storage of 3. Safety in the use and storage of inflammable, volatile and dangerous inflammable, volatile and dangerous liquids.  liquids. 

History of Occupational Safety History of Occupational Safety & Health& Health

4. Provision of protective clothing where 4. Provision of protective clothing where processes are wet, dusty, hot or processes are wet, dusty, hot or dangerous and where food-stuffs dangerous and where food-stuffs remanufactured. remanufactured. 

5. Provision of first aid materials.5. Provision of first aid materials.6. Extraction of dust and fumes.6. Extraction of dust and fumes.7. Provision of drinking water, washing 7. Provision of drinking water, washing

and sanitary conveniences which must and sanitary conveniences which must be separate for male and female be separate for male and female employees.employees.  

History of Occupational Safety History of Occupational Safety & Health& Health

8. Provision of seating accommodation 8. Provision of seating accommodation for employees where the process for employees where the process permits sitting and in any case for permits sitting and in any case for female and young person so that they female and young person so that they can sit when the opportunity arises. can sit when the opportunity arises. 

9. Minimum standards of lighting for 9. Minimum standards of lighting for various various

trades. trades. 

10. Provision of an adequate ventilation.  10. Provision of an adequate ventilation. 

The Importance of Safety In The Importance of Safety In The WorkplaceThe Workplace

It is your workplace where you spend It is your workplace where you spend a major part of your day. Your a major part of your day. Your workplace is like your second home. workplace is like your second home. This makes it important for any This makes it important for any workplace to cater to the needs of its workplace to cater to the needs of its employees. It is important for the employees. It is important for the workplace to make its employees workplace to make its employees feel safe and comfortable working feel safe and comfortable working there. there.

The Importance of Safety In The Importance of Safety In The WorkplaceThe Workplace

A safe situation is one where the A safe situation is one where the risks of injuries or damage to risks of injuries or damage to property are low. Safety is generally property are low. Safety is generally meant to impact the risk of death or meant to impact the risk of death or injury. Different employees do injury. Different employees do different types of work in an different types of work in an organization. Some types of work organization. Some types of work may involve great risks. may involve great risks.

The Importance of Safety In The Importance of Safety In The WorkplaceThe Workplace

Workplace safety is a responsibility of Workplace safety is a responsibility of the management. It includes the the management. It includes the formation and execution of safety formation and execution of safety programs and policies. Insurance is programs and policies. Insurance is often seen as something that can often seen as something that can restitute the loss caused to the restitute the loss caused to the employee while working. The company employee while working. The company can issue policies for the employees to can issue policies for the employees to help them feel financially secure. help them feel financially secure.