Introduction to Nomology Science of the Laws of the Mind Nomos (Law), Logos (Reason / Word) General...
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Introduction to Nomology
• Science of the Laws of the Mind
Nomos (Law), Logos (Reason / Word)
General Laws of how we Reason
Cathal M. Brugha
• mis.ucd.ie
What do Maps Do?
• They use the surrounding context to give you an idea of the terrain where you are
• Can tell you where you are NOT
• Management Theory and Practice: Thousands of cases and systems provide a rich ground for evidence of nomological laws, how people shape their decisions
Theory: Principles & Axioms
• About decision structures
• Must apply universally and in all fields
• Can learn from all fields
• Decision-making: a multi-faceted diamond
• Psychology, philosophy, management, etc. – all human behaviour
• Leads to a holistic approach
Maslow: Hierarchy of Needs
Try to see if these have some underlying structure
Lower Physical Safety
Middle Love Esteem
Higher Self-Actualisation
Carl Jung: Psychological Types
Imagine the founder noticing differences between things
Intuiting Thinking
Sensing Feeling
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross: Five Stages of Dying
They needn’t be comprehensive to be valid
Denial Anger
Bargaining Depression Acceptance
Systems Development Life-Cycle (SDLC)
Possibly the best known example of a Nomological System
Relates to Information Systems. Could apply to any project, field of study, or culture
Could be helpful for research and writing projects including a student’s dissertation
1. Survey project scope & feasibility
2. Study the
current system
3. Define end-user's
requirements
4. Select a feasible solution from candidate solutions
5. Design the
new system
6. Acquire computer
hardware and software
7. Construct the
new system
8. Deliver the
new system
9. Maintain and Improve system
Systems Development Life-Cycle (SDLC)
Look for the Underlying Natural Decision Structure
Committing Phases
Analysis, what you Want
1. Survey project scope & feasibility
2. Study the
current system
3. Define end-user's
requirements
Design, what you Should or Prefer to do
4. Select a feasible solution from candidate solutions
5. Design the
new system
6. Acquire computer
hardware and software
Implementation, what you Value
7. Construct the
new system
8. Deliver the
new system
9. Maintain and Improve system
Systems Development Life-Cycle (SDLC)
A Second Layer Embedded in the First
Convincing Stages
Committing Phases
Technical Contextual Situational
Analysis, what you Want
1. Survey project scope & feasibility
2. Study the
current system
3. Define end-user's
requirements
Design, what you Should or Prefer to do
4. Select a feasible solution from candidate solutions
5. Design the
new system
6. Acquire computer
hardware and software
Implementation, what you Value
7. Construct the
new system
8. Deliver the
new system
9. Maintain and Improve system
Maslow: Hierarchy of Needs
Does the Underlying Natural Decision Structure apply here?
Lower Physical Safety
Middle Love Esteem
Higher Self-Actualisation
Hierarchy of Needs, Preferences and Values
Committing Phases
Lower: Wants or Needs
Physical Safety
Middle: Likes or Preferences
Love Esteem
Higher: Values Self-Actualisation
Hierarchy of Needs, Preferences and Values
Convincing Stages
Committing Phases
Technical - Self Contextual - Others
Situational - Goals
Lower: Wants or Needs
Physical Safety
Middle: Likes or Preferences
Love Esteem
Higher: Values Self-Actualisation
Hierarchy of Needs, Preferences and Values
What “Safety” issues address our Needs?
Convincing Stages
Generic laws should have generic words
Committing Phases
Technical - Self Contextual - Others
Situational - Goals
What you Want - Needs
Physical Political Economic
What you would like - Preferences
Love Esteem
What are your Values
Self-Actualisation
Hierarchy of Needs, Preferences and Values
Drop down from first to second layer
Convincing Stages
Committing Phases
Technical - Self Contextual - Others
Situational - Goals
What you Want - Needs
Physical Political Economic
What you would like - Preferences
Social Cultural Emotional
What are your Values
Self-Actualisation ? ?
Hierarchy of Needs, Preferences and Values
Maslow was working on the higher levels in later life
Convincing Stages
Committing Phases
Technical - Self Contextual - Others
Situational - Goals
What you Want - Needs
Physical Political Economic
What you would like - Preferences
Social Cultural Emotional
What are your Values
Artistic ? ?
Hierarchy of Needs, Preferences and Values
Convincing Stages
Committing Phases
Technical - Self Contextual - Others
Situational - Goals
What you Want - Needs
Physical Political Economic
What you would like - Preferences
Social Cultural Emotional
What are your Values
Artistic Religious Mystical
Carl Jung: Psychological Types
Intuiting Thinking
Sensing Feeling
Carl Jung: Psychological Types
Empirically a 2 x 2 … so far
Missing Dimension: Memory
Intuiting Thinking
Sensing Feeling
Missing Dimension:
Will
Carl Jung: Psychological Types
Extroverted Convincing Stages
Does the Underlying Natural Decision Structure apply here?
Committing
Phases - Introverted
Technical – Self Contextual –Others
Situational –Goals
Somatic Intuiting Thinking
Psychic Sensing Feeling
Pneumatic
Carl Jung: Psychological Types
Extroverted Convincing Stages
Thinking and Feeling more general than Intuiting and Sensing
Committing
Phases - Introverted
Technical – Self
Contextual –Others
Situational –Goals
Somatic –Thinking Intuiting ? ?
Psychic – Feeling
Sensing
Pneumatic – ?
Carl Jung: Psychological Types
Extroverted Convincing Stages
Moving Extrovertedly beyond Intuiting
Committing
Phases - Introverted
Technical – Involving Self
Contextual –Protecting Others
Situational –Observing Goals
Somatic –Thinking Intuiting Recognising Believing
Psychic – Feeling
Sensing
Pneumatic – ?
?
Carl Jung: Psychological Types
Moving Introvertedly beyond Intuiting
Convincing Stages
Committing
Phases - Introverted
Technical – Involving Self
Contextual – Protecting Others
Situational – Observing Goals
Somatic –Thinking Intuiting Recognising Believing
Psychic – Feeling
Sensing ? ?
Pneumatic – ?
Experiencing
Carl Jung: Psychological Types
Moving Introvertedly from first to second layer
Convincing Stages
And Extrovertedly beyond Sensing
Committing
Phases
Technical – Involving Self
Contextual – Protecting Others
Situational – Observing Goals
Somatic –Thinking Intuiting Recognising Believing
Psychic – Feeling
Sensing Learning Trusting
Pneumatic – ?
Experiencing ? ?
Carl Jung: Psychological Types
Convincing Stages
Moving Extrovertedly beyond Experiencing
Committing
Phases
Technical – Involving Self
Contextual – Protecting Others
Situational – Observing Goals
Somatic –Thinking Intuiting Recognising Believing
Psychic – Feeling
Sensing Learning Trusting
Pneumatic – ?
Experiencing Understanding Realising
Carl Jung: Psychological Types
Moving Introvertedly from Thinking to Feeling to Knowing
Convincing Stages
A word like Thinking and Feeling only more complete
Committing
Phases
Technical – Involving Self
Contextual – Protecting Others
Situational – Observing Goals
Somatic –Thinking Intuiting Recognising Believing
Psychic – Feeling
Sensing Learning Trusting
Pneumatic – Knowing
Experiencing Understanding Realising
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross: Five Stages of Dying
Another well-known system, but in a very different field
Denial Anger
Bargaining Depression Acceptance
Stages of Relating Convincing Stages
Committing
Phases
Technical – Self Contextual –Others
Situational –Goals
Somatic –Thinking Denial Anger?
Psychic – Feeling
Bargaining Depression Acceptance
Pneumatic – Knowing
Seven Deadly Sins
Detour to check out Anger
Convincing Stages
Committing
Phases
Technical – Self Contextual –Others
Situational –Goals
Somatic –Thinking ? Pride Anger
Psychic – Feeling
Covetousness Lust Gluttony
Pneumatic – Knowing
Envy Sloth ?
Nine Resisting Spirits
There were two missing!
Convincing Stages
Committing
Phases
Technical – Self Contextual –Others
Situational –Goals
Somatic –Thinking Complacency Pride Anger
Psychic – Feeling
Covetousness Lust Gluttony
Pneumatic – Knowing
Envy Sloth Ingratitude
Stages of Relating
Back to Kubler-Ross
Convincing Stages
Committing
Phases
Technical – Involving Self
Contextual – Protecting Others
Situational – Observing Goals
Somatic –Thinking ? Denial Upset
Psychic – Feeling
Bargaining Depression Acceptance ?
Pneumatic – Knowing
Stages of Relating
Convincing Stages
Committing
Phases
Technical – Self Contextual –Others
Situational –Goals
Somatic –Thinking Confusion Denial Upset
Psychic – Feeling
Bargaining Depression Inertia
Pneumatic – Knowing
?
Stages of Relating
Convincing Stages
Committing
Phases
Technical – Self Contextual –Others
Situational –Goals
Somatic –Thinking Confusion Denial Upset
Psychic – Feeling
Bargaining Depression Inertia
Pneumatic – Knowing
Jealousy ?
Stages of Relating
Convincing Stages
Committing
Phases
Technical – Self Contextual –Others
Situational –Goals
Somatic –Thinking Confusion Denial Upset
Psychic – Feeling
Bargaining Depression Inertia
Pneumatic – Knowing
Jealousy Compliance ?
Stages of Relating
Convincing Stages
Committing
Phases
Technical – Self Contextual –Others
Situational –Goals
Somatic –Thinking Confusion Denial Upset
Psychic – Feeling
Bargaining Depression Inertia
Pneumatic – Knowing
Jealousy Compliance Enthusiasm
Systems Development Life-Cycle (SDLC)
A deeper look at the Committing levels … if there is time
Committing Phases
Analysis, what you Want
1. Survey project scope & feasibility
2. Study the
current system
3. Define end-user's
requirements
Design, what you Should or Prefer to do
4. Select a feasible solution from candidate solutions
5. Design the
new system
6. Acquire computer
hardware and software
Implementation, what you Value
7. Construct the
new system
8. Deliver the
new system
9. Maintain and Improve system
Systems Development Life-Cycle (SDLC)
Convincing Stages
Committing Phases
Technical - Self Contextual – Others (Stake-Holders)
Situational – Goals (Business)
Thinking - Subjective Analysis, what you Want to Develop
1. Survey project scope & feasibility
2. Study the
current system
3. Define end-user's
requirements
Feeling – Objective Design, what you Should or Prefer to do
4. Select a feasible solution from candidate solutions
5. Design the
new system
6. Acquire computer
hardware and software
Knowing –Adapting your Implementation, what you Value
7. Construct the
new system
8. Deliver the
new system
9. Maintain and Improve system
Systems Development Life-Cycle (SDLC)
Who or what you should relate to in the subjective stage
Convincing Stages
Committing
Phases
Technical - Self Contextual – Others (Stake-Holders)
Situational – Goals (Business)
Thinking - Subjective Analysis, what you Want to Develop
1. Survey project scope & feasibility
Subjective Self
2. Study the
current system
Others
3. Define end-user's
requirements
World
Feeling – Objective Design, what you Should or Prefer to do
4. Select a feasible solution from candidate solutions ?
5. Design the
new system
?
6. Acquire computer
hardware and software
?
Knowing – Adapting your Implementation
7. Construct the
new system
8. Deliver the
new system
9. Maintain and Improve system
Systems Development Life-Cycle (SDLC)
Who or what you should relate to in the objective stage
Convincing Stages
Committing
Phases
Technical - Self Contextual – Others (Stake-Holders)
Situational – Goals (Business)
Thinking - Subjective Analysis, what you Want to Develop
1. Survey project scope & feasibility
Subjective Self
2. Study the
current system
Others
3. Define end-user's
requirements
World
Feeling – Objective Design, what you Should or Prefer to do
4. Select a feasible solution from candidate solutions
Objective Self
5. Design the
new system
Leaders / Mentors
6. Acquire computer
hardware and software
Project
Knowing – Adapting your Implementationto Become ?
7. Construct the
new system
?
8. Deliver the
new system
?
9. Maintain and Improve system
?
Systems Development Life-Cycle (SDLC)
Who or what you should relate to in the implementation stage
Convincing (Evincing) Stages
The last stages use reverse processes
Committing
(Adducing) Phases
Technical - Self Contextual – Others (Stake-Holders)
Situational – Goals (Business)
Thinking - Subjective Analysis, what you Want to Develop
1. Survey project scope & feasibility
Subjective Self
2. Study the
current system
Others
3. Define end-user's
requirements
World
Feeling – Objective Design, what you Should or Prefer to do
4. Select a feasible solution from candidate solutions
Objective Self
5. Design the
new system
Leaders / Mentors
6. Acquire computer
hardware and software
Project
Knowing – Adapting your Implementation: Induced by the result you Value
7. Construct the
new system
Constructor
8. Deliver the
new system
Client
9. Maintain and Improve system
Beneficiary
Systems Development Life-Cycle (SDLC)
In terms of Committing and Convincing Building Blocks
Convincing (Evincing) Stages
Committing
(Adducing) Phases
Technical - Self Contextual – Others (Stake-Holders)
Situational – Goals (Business)
Thinking - Subjective Analysis, what you Want to Develop
1. Survey project scope & feasibility
Subjective Self
Committing
2. Study the
current system
Others
Convincing
3. Define end-user's
requirements
World
Developing
Feeling –Objective Design, what you Should or Prefer to do
4. Select a feasible solution from candidate solutions
Objective Self
?
5. Design the
new system
Leaders / Mentors / Stake-Holders
?
6. Acquire computer
hardware and software
Project ?
Knowing –Adapting your Implementation: Induced by the result you Value
7. Construct the
new system
Constructor
8. Deliver the
new system
Client
9. Maintain and Improve system
Beneficiary
Systems Development Life-Cycle (SDLC)
In terms of Adjusting World and Adjusting Self Building Blocks
Convincing (Evincing) Stages
Committing
(Adducing) Phases
Technical - Self Contextual – Others (Stake-Holders)
Situational – Goals (Business)
Thinking - Subjective Analysis, what you Want to Develop
1. Survey project scope & feasibility
Subjective Self
Committing
2. Study the
current system
Others
Convincing
3. Define end-user's
requirements
World
Developing
Feeling –Objective Design, what you Should or Prefer to do
4. Select a feasible solution from candidate solutions
Objective Self
Adjusting
5. Design the
new system
Leaders / Mentors / Stake-Holders
Adjusting World
6. Acquire computer
hardware and software
Project
Adjusting Self
Knowing –Adapting your Implementation: Induced by the result you Value
7. Construct the
new system
Constructor?
8. Deliver the
new system
Client ?
9. Maintain and Improve system
Beneficiary ?
Systems Development Life-Cycle (SDLC)
Convincing (Evincing) Stages
Committing
(Adducing) Phases
Technical - Self Contextual – Others (Stake-Holders)
Situational – Goals (Business)
Thinking - Subjective Analysis, what you Want to Develop
1. Survey project scope & feasibility
Subjective Self
Committing
2. Study the
current system
Others
Convincing
3. Define end-user's
requirements
World
Developing
Feeling –Objective Design, what you Should or Prefer to do
4. Select a feasible solution from candidate solutions
Objective Self
Adjusting
5. Design the
new system
Leaders / Mentors / Stake-Holders
Adjusting World
6. Acquire computer
hardware and software
Project
Adjusting Self
Knowing –Adapting your Implementation: Induced by the result you Value
7. Construct the
new system
Constructor
Adapting Self
8. Deliver the
new system
Client
Adapting World
9. Maintain and Improve system
Beneficiary
Inducing
Research into Nomology
• Philosophy: Girard, Tappan, Hamilton Too abstract to make practical use of laws
• Psychology: Cronbach & Meehl Used for Construct ValidationPsychological laws too uncertain to ensure reliability and usability of laws in social studies
• Management Practice Abundant direct and indirect evidence of lawsUseful for filling “jigsaws” and cross-linking
Numerous Applications
Links Different Fields of Management Inter-Cultural Trust
Conflict ResolutionStrategy
Multi-Criteria Decision-Making
Cathal M. Brughamis.ucd.ie