Introduction to modeling of information systems - NTNU · Introduction to modeling of information...

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TDT4250 - Modeling of Information Systems, Autumn 2006

Introduction to modeling of information systems

John Krogstie, Professor IDI, NTNU

Senior advisor SINTEF ICT

30/8-2006

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Agenda today

Krogstie/Sølvberg: Information Systems Engineering: Conceptual modeling in a quality perspective, Chapter 1 - Introduction

Krogstie: Integrating Enterprise and IS-development Using a Model-Driven Approach

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Conceptual modeling

Models used for enterprise models, problem analysis requirements and design specification

Primarily diagrammatic (2-dimentional diagrams)

The languages used for modeling have a limited vocabulary

The languages used are meant to be generally applicable (and not for a specific domain). Some exception e.g. using so-called domain specific modeling techniques (see below)

Paradigmatic example: ER-model

PERSON PAPERWRITES

LANGUAGE

TITLE

N M

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Main elements of a modelling activity

Example of goal:Create a requirements specification for an Internet-bank to serve thecustomers in bank X.

Persons

Means forrepresentation

Area of interest

Tools

Modelingtask

Goal ofModelling

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The context of a modeling activity

Modeling is a way of developing and representing knowledge

Performed as part of the changes done in an organization

Organizations are under continuous change

Organizations consist of persons which look at the world differently

The organization changes through a process of social construction

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Social construction in an organization

Local Reality(Individualand group knowledge)

Externalization (Action)

Organizational reality(Objects, institutions,language,technology)

Internalization(Sensemaking)

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Nonaka and Takeuchi modes of knowledge creation

Explicitknowledge

From

Tacitknowledge

To Explicit knowledgeTacit knowledge

Combinationcreation of new explicitknowledge fromexplicit knowledge

Internalizationconversion of explicitknowledge to tacitknowledge

Externalizationconversion from tacit toexplicit knowledge

Socializationcreating tacitknowledge throughshared experience

Socialization Externalization

CombinationInternalization

FieldBuilding

Learning by doing

Dialogue

FieldBuilding

LinkingExplicitKnowledge

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Modeling as social construction

Subjective relative to what is focused in the language (language basis)

Focus on certain concepts (on the expense of others)

The choice of language influence on the way we think

Subjective relative to what is regarded as relevant

The results are highly dependant on those involved in the process

Problems related to model-monopoly

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Task: Model-monopoly is practice

Choose an area/domain where you have more knowledge than most people (e.g. a hobby you have)

Choose a modeling language you know to create a model of this area (e.g. ER or DFD)

Make a simple model (max 10 minutes)

Walk through and explain the model to your neighbor (one of you explain the model)

Debrief

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Conceptual modeling in organizational development and system development specifically

Represent systems and requirements

Basis for communication

Basis for analysis and sense-making

Basis for design, implementation and further development

Traditional IS-development

Model deployment and activationThrough people guided by process 'maps',

Automatically, as in most workflow engines.

Interactively, where the computer and the users co-operate

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Example of the use of domain-specific modeling: Nokia

Productivity increase (10x)"A module that was expected to take 2 weeks... took 1 day from the start of the design to the finished product"

Focus on functionality, not codeDomain-oriented method allows developers to concentrate on the required functionality

Significantly shorter learning period for new developers“Earlier it took 6 months for a new worker to become productive. Now it takes 2 weeks”

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Domain specific modeling relative to the roles of modeling

Represent systems and requirements in a domain-oriented language specifically suited for the task

Communication, analysis and sense-making made easier due to being on a higher level of abstraction

Basis for design and implementation through generation of calls to pre-developed components

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SEQUAL – Semiotic Quality Framework

Goals ofmodelling

Languageextension

Modelingdomain

Social actorinterpretation

Technicalactor

interpretation

Social actorexplicit

knowledge

Organizational

Modelexternalization

Physical

Perceived semantic

Social

Syntactic

Pragmatic(humanunderstanding)

Pragmatic(tool understanding)

Pragmatic(action)

Empirical

Semantic

Pragmatic(learning)

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Integrating Enterprise and IS-development Using a Model-Driven Approach

Invited keynote presentation ISD-2004

John Krogstie

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Approaches to model-driven solutions

Enterprise modelling

Business Process Modelling/Workflow modelling

Ontologies

Service Oriented Architecture - SOA

Model Driven Architecture - MDA

No silver bullet

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Framework

Hardcoded Predefined Evolving ImplicitProcess Models

Static DynamicProcess Spectrum

Enterprise model

Platform Independent Model

Platform Specific Model

Code

Operating system, runtime execution environment (EE)

Enterprise Model

EEPIM EE

PSM EE

Model-driven solutions:

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Interoperability Pyramid

Programming platform

Enterprise Model(EM, CIM)

Business process model (PIM)

Platform SpecificModel

EM platform

Business process execution platform

(PIM)

Web service execution platform (PSM)


Programcode

EDI

API

WSI

BPI

EMI

Enterprise interoperability

Platform SpecificModel


(PIM)


EM platform

Enterprise Model(EM, CIM)

Web service execution platform (PSM)Program

code

Ontology, standards etc.

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Advanced Technologies for Interoperability of Heterogenous Enterprise Networks and their

Applications

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Vision and Mission

Vision

By 2010, enterprises will be able to seamlessly interoperate with others

Mission

To be a main contributor in the European efforts to enabling enterprises to seamlessly interoperate

Duration and Budget

February 2004-January 200726,5 M EuroRelation to INTEROP Network of Excellence (where also IDI and the IS-group is a member)

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Partners

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Projects and activities

Action Line A: Research and Development

ICT Systems

Business & Knowledge

Action Line C: Management

Action Lines B: Community Building

EIC

Enterprise Modelling in the Context of Collaborative Enterprises

Cross-Organisational Business Processes

Knowledge Support and Semantic Mediation Solutions

Interoperability Framework and Services for Networked Enterprises

Model-driven and Adaptive Interoperability Architectures

Planned and Customisable Service-Oriented Architectures

Knowledge Sharing

Business Interoperability Research

Dynamic Requirement Definition

Piloting

Training

Scientific Co-ordinationAdministration

Knowledge Sharing Execution

Business Interoperability Forum

Dynamic Requirement Definition

Technology Testing Network Co-ordination

Interoperability Academy

Sub Project Call Administration

EIC Creation

Exploitation IT Infrastructure

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ATHENA Platforms

EM platform


(PIM)



EM platform


(PIM)


Programming platformEDI, API

WSI

BPI

EMI

A6. Model Driven and Adaptive Interoperability Architectures

A2. Cross-Organizational Business Processes

A1. Collaborative enterprise modelling platform

A5. Planned and Customisable Service-Oriented Architectures

A3.Knowledge

Supportand

SemanticMeditation

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ATHENA Modelling Methodologies

Enterprise Model (EM, CIM)



EM platform


Web service execution platform


Programcode

A6. ModelDriven

andAdaptive

InteroperabilityArchitectures

A2.Cross-Organizational Business Processes

A5. Planned and

CustomisableService-Oriented

Architectures

A3. Knowledge Support and Semantic Meditation

A1. Collaborative enterprise modelling

Long development cycles Concurrentmodelling

and execution

Short cycles

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Enterprise Model (EM, CIM)



EM platform


Web service execution platform


Programcode

Standard Languages

UMLPIM

BPMN

BPSS, BPEL, BPMLUMLPSM

UN-CEFACTBCF

OASIS BCM

OMG BPD

J2EE, .net etc.

OASIS CAM

BCMeprXML

UDDI, SOAPWSDL, RDF

WS non-functional *WSCI, WS-Trans./Coord, BTPebXML CPP

Java, C# etc.

WSFL

OASIS BCMChoice points

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Model generated workplaces: The EXTERNAL approachResources

Exten

ded

Enter

prise

Mod

el

EXTENDED ENTERPRISE

DYNAMIC NETWORKEDORGANISATION

Reflected by

Multiple shared views

ACTIVE KNOWLEDGEMODEL

Tools

InformationResources

Process

Organisation

Experience

feedback

EXTERNAL supported establishing the infrastructure for dynamic network co-operation between symbolic analysts

Use of interactive models as dynamically evolving enterprise model supporting planning and work performance

Integration of a number of model activators to make use of the model

Approach is being further developed in ATHENA and MAPPER

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Interactive models

Visual (graphical) models of enterprise aspects (goals, tasks, roles, organizations, persons, information, systems...)

Available for industrial users to be viewed, traversed, analyzed, simulated, adapted, and executed

Changes to the models influence the information systems supporting the enterprise/business network

Modeling, language-modeling, and work processes can in principle be performed in parallel

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Three layers of infrastructure for enterprise model development and execution environment

Layer 1, the information and communication technology (ICT) layer: – defining and describing the platform, software architectures, tools, software components, connectivity and communication.

Layer 2, the knowledge representation layer: -defining and describing constructs and mechanisms for modelling.

Layer 3, the work performance and managementlayer; - services for modelling and implementing customer solutions, generating work environments

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Layer 1, the information and communication technology (ICT) layer

METISEnterprise

model server

XCHIPSCooperation

server

FrameSolutionsWork execution

server

SimVisionSimulation

client

WORKWAREWork managementand performance

server

Shared Model Repository (SMR) server

http(s)

EXTERNAL EE PortalIntegrated user environment

in web browser

METISModelling

client

XCHIPSCooperation

client

http(s)

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Execution environment supporting a full range of process types

Market Project/TeamHierarchyLow uncertaintyLow goal congruence

High uncertaintyHigh goal congruence

ElectronicCommerce

Workflow Groupware

Socio-economicrelationship

Coordinationtechnologies

HardcodedProcess Models Predefinedmodel

Evolvingmodel

Implicit

EXTERNALprosess support FrameSolutions XCHIPS

WORKWAREEXTERNALvisualizationand simulation

METIS

SimVision

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Layer 2, the knowledge representation layer (conceptual language-model of EEML)

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Layer 3, the work performance and management layerMetamodelling

in METIS

Defines content of

Modellingin METIS

Workmanagement

portal withWORKWARE

Defines content of

Services, e.g. forwork performance

Modelledknowledge abouta task, includingits resources andcurrent state

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Questions and clarification?

John Krogstie, Professor IDI, NTNU

Senior advisor SINTEF

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