ELB, ANSC 101 1

The Livestock & Poultry Industries-II

Lecture 5

Fall 2006

Elaine Bailey

ELB, ANSC 101 2

Reminders . . .

AGNR Fall Bash this Wed., 9/20, 5-7PM, ANSC Courtyard

Assignment #1 DUE: 11:55PM, Monday, Sept. 25

GET THE EASY POINTS!!!

Lab manuals?

ELB, ANSC 101 3

But first . . .

The “rest” of the story

The Little Mare Won . . .

SAFETY FIRST!!!

THEN, work w/handling and training issues

ELB, ANSC 101 4

Ostriches

Meat

Oil, feathers, leather

Large capital outlay for upstart

Markets?

Nutrition research: Dr. Roselina Angel

ELB, ANSC 101 5

The Poultry Industry

Vertically integratedEgg producers (breeders)Broiler producers (breeders)Perdue Farms, MDHolly FarmsBreeds of less importance

ELB, ANSC 101 6

Chicken Tidbits

Hatch time: ~21 days

Precocious young

Hens begin to lay ~18 weeks of age

Broilers reach harvest weight 4-6 weeks*

ELB, ANSC 101 7

ELB, ANSC 101 8

Industry Highlights of 20 years

Check-off programs to promote products?

Inexpensive meat: chicken

Poultry production vertically integrated

Competition to improve efficiency

ELB, ANSC 101 9

Domesticating Swine

Meat

Emphasis on:Growth rateLitter size*Carcass traits

Genus & species: Sus scrofa

Other uses?

ELB, ANSC 101 10

Sus scrofa?

http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/swine/

ELB, ANSC 101 11

Phases of Pork Production

Farrow to finish “All inclusive” VERY grain

dependent Commercial

producers Seedstock

(purebred) producers

ELB, ANSC 101 12

“Genetics” Companies

DeKalb

Pig Improvement Corporation

Land o’ Lakes

Swine Genetics International

Patterning after poultry companies?http://www.pic.com/index.asp?orgid=581&storyTypeID=&sid=&langID=

ELB, ANSC 101 13

Phase II Pork Production

Feeder pig producers Intermediary stepSell weaned pigs40-50 lbs.Efficiency . . .

www.lakesidefeeders.com/ sew.htm

ELB, ANSC 101 14

Phase III Pork Production

Feeders (Finishers) Grain (concentrate)

ration Rapid growth Harvest at 250-260

pounds+ What is “finished?”

www.jrbfarms.com/ swineproduction.htm

ELB, ANSC 101 15

Swine tidbits

Age at puberty: 6-8 months

Age at weaning: 10D-3 weeks (SEW)

Gestation length: 114 days

Goal: breed gilts ~ 8 months of age*

ELB, ANSC 101 16

Back to Grandin’s Articles . . .

Comfort in seeing other animals

BUT . . . Are there other reasons to house animals w/common fence line?

Pheromones and boars

Promoting estrus

ELB, ANSC 101 17

Pork Industry

Various “phases”

Horizontal integration

More vertical integration—Carroll’s Foods, Tyson Foods

National Pork Board

Pork check-off

ELB, ANSC 101 18

Domesticating Sheep

MeatWoolEmphasis on:Growth rate?Fecundity?Wool quality

Genus & species: Ovis ariesDUAL purpose

ELB, ANSC 101 19

Primary Purposes

www.rmncsba.org/ members/members1.html

http://www.suffolks.com.au/delegates.htm

ELB, ANSC 101 20

Enter a New Era . . .

Hair sheep

ELB, ANSC 101 21

Katahdin

“Hair sheep”

SHED

White or reddish

Campus Farm

WHY?

ELB, ANSC 101 22

Dorper

Easy care breed

Combo of hair & wool

Skin value

Breed “out of season”

Campus Farm

ELB, ANSC 101 23

Phases of Sheep Production

Farm Flocks Secondary

enterprise Grain operations 4-H projects

Range Flocks Grazing lands Less handling* Timed to lamb during

less severe weatherhttp://www.mth.msu.edu/~maccluer/Farm/sheep.jpeg

ELB, ANSC 101 24

Commercial vs. Purebred Flocks

Commercial flocks Typically Xbred Castrate ram lambs NOT primarily

marketing genetics

Purebred flocks Market genetics NO castration of ram

lambshttp://www.homestead.com/mstecker/salisbury.html

ELB, ANSC 101 25

Total US Sheep

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Year

Th

ou

san

ds

of

shee

p

NASS, Economic Research Service

ELB, ANSC 101 26

Sheep Tidbits

Age at puberty: 5-7 months

Age at weaning: WIDE variation*

Gestation length: ~147 days

NICHE marketsMeatWool crafters (specialty fleeces)

ELB, ANSC 101 27

Domesticating Horses

Power

Transportation

Emphasis on:StructureLongevityStrength/Speed

Genus & species: Equus caballus

ELB, ANSC 101 28

Purpose

http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/auspac/11/02/aust.horse/

http://www.kbrhorse.net/whb/must28.html

ELB, ANSC 101 29

How Are US Horses Used?Thousands of head

Racing

Showing

Recreation

Other

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

ActivityAmerican Horse Council Study, 2002

ELB, ANSC 101 30

Phases of Production

Breeding farms

Specialty (discipline) farms

Training facilities

Boarding facilities

Unique to other species

http://www.sheldakranch.com/photo.htm

ELB, ANSC 101 31

Horse Tidbits

Age at pubertyFemales: Light horse breeds 12-18

months** (36 mos.)Females: Draft breeds 18-24 monthsMales: 12-14 months** (60 mos.)

Age at weaning: 4-6 months

Gestation length: 340 days

ELB, ANSC 101 32

So we’ve domesticated some species . . . . Now what?

Breed development

Breed: “animals of common origin with characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same species.” (Taylor & Field, 2004)

HOW do we determine traits to “set” in a given breed?

ELB, ANSC 101 33