Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, Second Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Linux.
Introduction to linux
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Transcript of Introduction to linux
Introduction To Linux
What is Linux ?
• Generically : a class of operating system that use a common kernel
• “Distribution” cobbled together from various different user-space tools
• Many core tools originated in the GNU project; thus systems are sometimes called “GNU/Linux”
• Specifically : the kernel it self
Linux Kernel
• Originally started as a hobby by an undergrad at the University of Helsinki : Linus Torvalds
• Linux still leads the kernel development project
• Monolithic kernel • Device drivers built in, but with module support
• Latest stable version was 3.11.0 on 1/12/2013 • www.kernel.org
Linux System MAIN components of Linux operating system
GUI: Gnome, KDE, XFCE, LXDE, X.org
LAMP : Apache, PHP, MySQL
Net : Sshd, inetd
gcc GNU Coreutils Bash
GNU C Library Other libraries
SCI Device files Linux kernel Sockets
processes File systems Protocols
Memory management Drivers and modules
Computer hardware
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LINUX
Linux Distributions
• A large number of differenr distributions have been created (see www.distrowatch.com)
• Distributions can be classified by which package manager they use
• Package managers install extra software and update existing software
Package Managers • Red Hat Package Manager (RPM)
• RHEL, Fedora, Mandriva, OpenSUSE, etc.
• Advanced package Tool (APT) • Debian, Ubuntu, BlankOn, etc
• Other binary formats • Slackware (tgz), Arch Linux (pacman), etc
• Source formats • Gentoo (ebuilds), Linux From Scratch, etc
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
• A linux dsitribution from Red Hat, Inc.
• RTP (Durham), NC
• Open-source (like other distributions), but the official product is sold with an updates subscription, accesses via per-installation serial numbers
• RPM package format
Debian GNU/Linux • Fully open source distribution (avoids proprietary
software) • Emphasis on security and stability • Achieves stability by using well-tested packages • Package versions tend to be rather dated • An “unstable” version is available with more bleeding-
edge packages • APT package format
Ubuntu • Distribution sponsored by Canonical, Lts., based in South
Africa • Designed to be easy to use and friendly to new users
switching from competing platforms • New releases every 6 months
• Dist-upgrade rarely works properly in practice, • Package pinning policy means that security updates are back-ported
to packages, but installing a new release is required to obtain feature updates
• APT package format
Arch Linux • Minimalist framework for creating a custom system
• Different philosophy from traditional distributions
• Not based on any prior distribution (written from scratch)
• Rolling distribution • No discrete versions • Updating the system updates all packages to the latest version,
with all the latest bugs
• Pacman package manager
BlankOn • Distribution sponsored by YPLI., based in Indonesian • Designed to be easy to use and friendly to new users
switching from competing platforms • New releases every 12 months
• Dist-upgrade rarely works properly in practice, • Package pinning policy means that security updates are back-
ported to packages, but installing a new release is required to obtain feature updates
• APT package format
Thank You For Attentions
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