introduction to labview - Sonoma State...
Transcript of introduction to labview - Sonoma State...
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Introduction to LabVIEWES110
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Graphical programming language& Data flow
o LabVIEW relies on graphical symbols rather than textual language to describe programming actions
o The principle of dataflow, in which functions execute only after receiving the necessary data, governs execution in a straightforward manner
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How does LabVIEW work?o LabVIEW programs are called:
n Virtual Instruments (VIs) n because their appearance and operation
imitate actual instruments.o However, they are analogous to main
programs, functions and subroutines from popular language like C, Fortran, Pascal, …
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Front Panel• Controls = Inputs• Indicators = Outputs
Block Diagram• Accompanying “program”
for front panel• Components “wired”
together
LabVIEW Programs Are Called Virtual Instruments (VIs)
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LabVIEW Introductiono Two “sets” for development
n Front Paneln Block Diagram
o Wiring connections
o LabVIEW Conventions
o Running LabVIEW programs
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LabVIEW Front Panelo All user interface
goes here!
o Used to display Controls or Indicators
o Highly customizable
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LabVIEW Block Diagramo Actual program
o Invisible to user
o Read left to right, like a book
o Where the MAGIC happens!
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TerminalsWhen you place a
control(or indicator) on the FRONT PANEL
LabVIEW automatically
creates a corresponding
control (or indicator) terminal on the
BLOCK
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Control? or Indicator?
Controls = Inputs from the user = Source Terminals
Indicators = Outputs to the user = Destinations
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Manipulating Controls and Indicators
o Right click on an indicator ton Change to controln Change format or precision
o Right click on a control ton Change to indicatorn Change mechanical action (whether
to latch open or closed, and what to use as default…)
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Wiring Connectionso Wires transport data
through the block diagram
o Wire color indicates variable type
o A red “X” means something is wrong!
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Wires
A LabVIEW VI is held together by wires connecting nodes and terminals; they deliver data from one source terminal to one or more destination terminals.
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Broken wiresIf you connect more than
one source or no sourceat all to a wire,
LabVIEW DISAGREES with what
you’re doing, and thewire will appear broken
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Messy vs. Clean Wiring
CLEAN: Easy to troubleshoot
MESSY: What is going on?
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Basic wires used in block diagramsand corresponding typesEach wire has different style or color, depending on the data type that flows through the wire:
Scalar 1D array 2D array ColorFloating-point number
orange
Integer number blue
Boolean green
String pink
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LabVIEW Conventionso Front panel items
n Controls and indicators
o Block diagram itemsn Program structures (loops, case structures, math, etc.)
o Controls vs. Indicatorsn Wires attach to controls on the right (give values)n Wires attach to indicators on the left (receive values)
o Wiring colorsn Wires are color coded to correspond to data types
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Running LabVIEW Programso ALMOST ALWAYS put
your program in some sort of loop that can be stopped with a control
o AVOID using the red “x” to stop your program
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Lab. Equipment
o Oscilloscope
o Function Generator
o Digital Voltmeter (DVM)
Universal Measuring Instruments
Signal Generator
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Add/edit text
Wire features together tocontrol flow of data
Select a feature toedit or move
Operate a control
Probe Data(troubleshoot)
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Insert a digital indicator or control
Insert a boolean control (button or switch)
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Add a structure such as for, while, and case statements
Add a numericoperator (+,-,…)
File I/O
Add a booleanoperator (and, or…)
Data Acquisition
Signal analysis
Comparison
Mathematical Functions
Timing/dialog
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Reorder objects
Run
Continuous run
PauseStop
Font ring
Alignment ring
Distribution ring
Debugging featuresmore on this later…
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The Run Buttono The Run button, which looks
like an arrow, starts VI execution when you click on it
o It changes appearance when a VI is actually running.
o When a VI won’t compile, the run button is broken
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Examples
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ControlTerminals
Block Diagram Window
Front Panel Window
Indicator Terminals
Creating a VI
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Example 1: Craps
o From the functions – numeric panel insert a pair of dice
o From the Controls panel insert a numeric digital indicator (on the front panel)
o Use the wiring tool to connect the two (in the wiring diagram) and click the “run” button repeatedly.
o Numbers from 0.00 to 1.00 should be displayed in the front panel
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Example 1: Craps (continued)
o Delete the wireo Add a multiplication node and a
numeric constant to allow multiplication by 5
o Add an addition node and numeric constant to allow addition of 1
o Add a mathematical “Round to Nearest” node.
o Make a second copy of this structure to represent a second die and wire them together through an addition node with an output to a numeric constant
This wiring diagram simulates the rollingof 2 dice and their addition to form a numberfrom 2 through 12.
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Example 2: Analog & Digital Voltmeter (simulated signal)
o Uniform noise used as simulated signal –Functions – Signal Processing – Signal Generation menu
o Absolute value function from functions –numeric menu
o Mean value of data series from the functions – mathematics – Probability and Statistics menu
o The 250 ms wait implemented from the time and dialog menu slows the “flutter” of the meter.
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Example 3: Reading an analog input signalRequires A/D board to implement
o From the functions menu select data acquisition and then analog input. Then select either “Sample Channel” or Sample Channels”
o This places the sampling icon in your wiring diagram
o You then need to configure the channel(s) and wire the output to other parts of your program.
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Example 4: Signal Analysis (continued)
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Example 5: Creating Sub-VIs
o In wiring diagram use selection tool (mouse box) to select all items to be in the SubVI.
o From Edit menu select “Create SubVI”
o Double click on new icon and save it as a separate VI.
o Cut-and-paste it at will or insert it using “Functions –Select VI menu”