Introduction to Kingdom Fungi
description
Transcript of Introduction to Kingdom Fungi
![Page 1: Introduction to Kingdom Fungi](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081422/56816683550346895dda2936/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to Kingdom Fungi
![Page 2: Introduction to Kingdom Fungi](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081422/56816683550346895dda2936/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is a fungus?
A eukaryotic, heterotrophic organism devoid of chlorophyll that obtains its nutrients by absorption, and reproduces by spores.
Can be multicellular or unicellular
![Page 3: Introduction to Kingdom Fungi](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081422/56816683550346895dda2936/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Examples of Fungi
Mushrooms and toadstools
Moulds & mildews
Yeasts (unicellular)
![Page 4: Introduction to Kingdom Fungi](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081422/56816683550346895dda2936/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Mode of nutrition Fungi=absorptive heterotrophs
release digestive enzymes into surroundings Absorb digested nutrients into cells.
![Page 5: Introduction to Kingdom Fungi](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081422/56816683550346895dda2936/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Hyphae (singular, hypha) Bodies made up of hyphae
Tight mass difficult to see as separate structures.
(like the ‘mushroom’ part) Cylindrical, branching filaments composed
of a tubular cell wall filled with cytoplasm and organelles
Most fungal hyphae are 2-10 m diameter
![Page 6: Introduction to Kingdom Fungi](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081422/56816683550346895dda2936/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mycelium
Loose, branching network of hyphae under the ground.
![Page 7: Introduction to Kingdom Fungi](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081422/56816683550346895dda2936/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
http://www.uoguelph.ca/~gbarron/MISCELLANEOUS/hairpen.htm
![Page 8: Introduction to Kingdom Fungi](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081422/56816683550346895dda2936/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Introduction to Kingdom Fungi](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081422/56816683550346895dda2936/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Introduction to Kingdom Fungi](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081422/56816683550346895dda2936/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
How Fungi Feed
Most are saprophytes: break down dead matter Play a vital role in the recycling of nutrients.
As grown along dead matter (log), break substrate down into smaller molecules. (enzymes) Extracellular digestion.
![Page 11: Introduction to Kingdom Fungi](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081422/56816683550346895dda2936/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Introduction to Kingdom Fungi](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081422/56816683550346895dda2936/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The mycelium is the part of the fungus that is digesting material. Can be deep within a decomposing tree
branch.
![Page 13: Introduction to Kingdom Fungi](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081422/56816683550346895dda2936/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Parasitic Fungi
Produce hyphae called haustoria. Can penetrate host cells without killing them. Athlete’s foot, ringworm, dandruff.
C. Myrmecophila parasitizes animals.When spore lands on ant, grows in ant’s body hyphae spread through ant’s body, digesting tissues (digesting) eventually forms the ‘sex organ’ of the fungus by growing out of ant’s body.
![Page 14: Introduction to Kingdom Fungi](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081422/56816683550346895dda2936/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Symbiotic Fungi Symbiotic fungi (mutual benefit) most trees have fungi living in close contact with roots (mycorrhiza) Fungi absorbs nutrients from soil and transfers to roots Fungi benefits by absorbing nutrients from plants
some live with algae/cyanobacteria(lichens –often seen on tree trunks)
Fungi provide algae/photosynthetic bacteria with H2O and CO2 Algae/cyanobacteriaprovides nutrients for fungi
![Page 15: Introduction to Kingdom Fungi](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081422/56816683550346895dda2936/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Reproduction Can reproduce asexually and sexually
FragmentationAsexualpieces of hyphaebreak off and grow into new mycelia Spore FormationAsexual
produced by mitosis ORSexual
produced by meiosis
Spores:windblown reproductive cells for dispersal to new locations produced in large numbers
Note: sexual reproduction used during unfavorable conditions
![Page 16: Introduction to Kingdom Fungi](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081422/56816683550346895dda2936/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Introduction to Kingdom Fungi](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081422/56816683550346895dda2936/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Classification
4 subgroupsZygosporefungi –eg. bread mouldsClubfungi –eg. puffballs, mushroomsImperfectfungi –eg. Penicillium, Blue cheese Sacfungi –eg. truffles, yeast
![Page 18: Introduction to Kingdom Fungi](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081422/56816683550346895dda2936/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Independent Reading
Read the sections on zygospores, club fungi, sac fungi, and imperfect fungi.
Make brief notes on these groups, and in your notes make sure to: Give an example of this type of fungi BRIEFLY describe how they reproduce.
![Page 19: Introduction to Kingdom Fungi](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081422/56816683550346895dda2936/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Seatwork/Homework
Page 458, #1-7, 10