Introduction to Islamic Art: Art History Survey I
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Transcript of Introduction to Islamic Art: Art History Survey I
Art History: Islamic ArtT, R, 12-1:20PM
Professor Paige Prater
Humay and Humayun in a Garden (1430). From a lost Khamseh by Khwaju Kirmani.
Prince Carried By an Angel (1380-1390). Lost manuscript from Baghdad.
The Five Pillars of Islam
First Pillar: (shahadah) There is only one God and Muhammad is his prophet.
Second Pillar: (salat) Prayer 5x daily, facing Mecca (east)
Third Pillar: (zakah) voluntary giving of alms (1/40th of one’s assets)
Fourth Pillar: (sawm) month of Ramadan, dawn-to-dusk fast
Fifth Pillar: (hajj) pilgrimage to Mecca (if physically/financially able to do so) Simple garments
Circumambulating the Kaaba
Kissing the Black stone
Sacrifice (usually a sheep) in memory of Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son at God’s command
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, 691-692 CE
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, 691-692 CE
First great monument of Islamic art
Third most holy site in Islam
Muhammad’s “Night Journey”
Shrine over rock completed by Umayyads in 691-692 Byzantine trained Syrian artisans
Oldest surviving written Qur’anic verses on interior frieze
Arcades and ambulatories (aisles) in concentric circles
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, 691-692 CE
Interior & cutaway drawing
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, 691-692 CE
ARCHES
MSHATTA Palace in Amman, Jordan, 743-744 (probably)
16’ high frieze across façade’s base
High-relief rosettes
MSHATTA Palace in Amman, Jordan, 743-744 (probably)
Palatial hunting lodge by Umayyad caliphs Entertain/impress local chieftains
East and West sides unfinished
472 foot long sides
Towers/bastions on outer walls/gates
Large central court and mosque
Domed audience hall/private apartments
Hypostyle (shown)
Four-iwan
Centrally-planned
MOSQUE PLANS
Four-iwan Mosque plan
Centrally-planned mosque
The Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia, 836-875 CE
The Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia, 836-875 CE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4l3NT1L_SqQ
Early form of mosque + new additions: Hypostyle mosque
Repeated bays and aisles
Minaret –huge tower for calls to prayer
Qibla wall (closest to Mecca)
Central mihrab niche (holy space)
Maqsura (ruler’s enclosure in front of the mihrab)
Minbar (pulpit)
The Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia, 836-875 CE - interior
The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain
The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain, 965.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULptVmaMjYw
Rick Steves on Cordoba: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YvNMDy_h3g
Visigothic Christian church site>Umayyad began to build in 785>3x expanded later (620x460’ today; 1/3 is the courtyard)
The Great Mosque at Cordoba –horseshoe arches
The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain - mihrab
The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain
Muqarnas Dome, Hall of the Abencerrajes, Palace of the Lions, Alhambra, Granada, Spain, 1354-1391 CE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iEseJViidy8
Bowl with Kufic Border, 9-10th Century, Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
Earthenware with slip, pigment, and lead glaze; 14 ½” diameter
Mimics Chinese Porcelain; Samarkand connected to Silk Road
“Knowledge: the beginning of it is bitter to taste, but the end is sweeter than honey”
Textile with Elephants and Camels or Shroud of Saint Josse, Khurasan or Central Asia, before 961
Dyed silk, fragment
“Glory and happiness to the Commander Abu Mansur Kukhtakin. May God prolong his prosperity.”
Page from the Qur’an (Surah II: 286 and title Surah III) in Kufic script, Syria, 9th Century.
Black ink pigments, and gold on vellum
8 1/8” x 11 1/8” .
Courtyard, Masjid-I Jami, Isfahan, Iran 11-18th century (14th century iwan vault, 17th century minarets)
Tile Mosaic Mihrab Madrasa Imami, Isfahan, Iran, founded 1354. Outer inscription Surah 9:
duties/Five Pillars
Framing the pointed arch: sayings of the Prophet
Central panel in Kufic and cursive: “The mosque is the house of every pious person.”
Mamluk Glass Oil Lamp, Syria or Egypt, c. 1355
Glass, polychrome enamel, and gold, 12”
Inscription on flared neck Surah 24:35
“God is the light of the heavens and the earth His light is as a niche wherein is a lamp, the lamp in a glass, the glass as a glittering star.”
Carpet-making
Flat weave vs. pile/knotted
Warp: vertical strands; dyed, covers weft.
Weft: horizontal/cross-wise strands; usually undyed
Kilim weaving pattern Symmetrical (Iran) and Asymmetrical knot (Turkey)
Medallion Rug, Variant Star Ushak Style
16th Century, wool
10’3”x7’6 ¼”
Mosque of Sultan Selim, Edirne, Turkey. 1568-1575
Ottoman Empire
Architect Sinan (1489-1588)
102’ dome (larger than Hagia Sophia!)