Presented By Aung Ko Ko Toe

Introduction to International Relation

Introduction to International Relation

•Political Aspect of IR•Economic Aspect of IR•Diplomatic Aspect of IR

•Political Aspect of IR State, Political Theory

•Economic Aspect of IR Approach to IPE (3 Ism)

•Diplomatic Aspect of IR Type, Methods & Ranks

International Relation

• Interactions among and between states and non-state actor across border.

• International relation is an branch of political science.• Concept – relations between Nations and primarily with Foreign Policies.

2 Actor 1. States 2. Non-state Actors2 F1. Fact2. Field

Fact President, General, DiplomatsField interdisciplinary

related to – Politics, Economic, History, Military Psychology, Geography, Philosophy

International Relations

•Study of Foreign affairs and Global Issues among states

•Actors• States• IGOs• NGOs• MNCs

Field of Studying in IR

• Issue areas – Diplomacy, War, Trade Relations, Alliances,

Cultural exchanges, Participation in international

organization.

• Conflict and Cooperation in relationship among states

concerning issue areas.

• International Security – Question of War and Peace.

• International Political Economy

International RelationSubjects

1. Modern International History2. Political Science3. International Organizations4. International Economy5. International Law6. International Constitutions7. Geopolitics

Political Science intersects with other Fields1. Economics ေ�ဘေ�ဗဒ2. Law ဥေ�ဒ3. Sociology လမဗဒ4. History သမ �င�5. Anthropology မဗဒ6. Public Administration ���ညသ��႔အ�������ေ�ရ7. Public Policy မမမမမ���ညသ��ေ႔ရရမဝဒ8. National Politics ���ညတြညသ�င�င��ေ�ရ9. International Relations � � �င��တကဆက$ �ေ�ရ10.Comparative Politics � � �င��ေ�ရ င�ယ'ဥ�ေ�လ(လမ11.Psychology စ တ*ည12.Political Organization & � � �င��ေ�ရအဖြ-.႕အစည�13.Political Theory. � � �င��ေ�ရေသဘတရ

Significance of International Relation

• Increasing interdependence of Global Society.• Improved transnational Communication Network.• Global Economy is more interdependent. (Trade, global

financial Market)

Aid of Cooperation among States

a. Regulation of international relations primarily through techniques of peaceful settlement of dispute among nation or states.

b. Minimization or at the least, control of international conflict and war.

c. Promotion of cooperation, developmental activities among nation- state for the social and economic benefit of certain regions or of humankind in general.

d. Collective defense of a group of nation-states against external threat.

Interaction among StateConflict & Cooperation

International Conflict Type1. Territorial Disputes နယ�ေ���မအ�ငင�ပြ�မ2. Control of Government အစ �ရ၏ထ န �ခ���53. Economic Conflict စ6ပြ�ရ�ဋ �ကၡမ�4. Ethnic Conflict လမ�� စ��ဋ �ကၡမ�5. Religious Conflict ဘသရ�ဋ �ကၡမ�6. Ideological Conflict ဝေဒရ�ဋ �ကၡမ�

Economic Conflicts

• Trade• Money• Natural Resources• Drug Trafficking• Human Trafficking• Migration• Economic

Transactions

Territorial Disputes

• Secession• Territorial Waters• Airspaces

နယ�ေ���မအ�ငင�ပြ�မ၏ဥ�မကင�ၾက6 ��-စ*သည�။

Ideological Conflict

မမမမမမယဥ�ေ�က�မတလ'န �ေ�ရ� �စတ

� � �င��ေ�တ (State) မ မမမ မမမ မမမမမမမမမမ မမမမမမမ မမမမ မ မမမမမမ မမ မ မ မမမမမ မ မမမမ� � �င��ေ�တဆ �သညသ;'အတ အက�သတ5'တ< သညသ=ယ�ေ���ေမဒသတစ�>တြတင�အတညသ�က� ေ�နထ �

မ မမမမမမ မမမမမမမမ မမမ မမ မမမမမမမမ မမမ မမမမမမမမင����6 ���င*ခ���@ A>င5ကင�သည�အစ �ရတစBA�@ A>ထေ�ထAင<သလေ��င�စ�။

� � �င��တစ�>၏အ� ၁။ လဥရ ၂။ နယ�ေ���မ ( တ ေက�သ နယF မ တ�) ၃။ အစ �ရ ၄။ အခ���IJKခအဏ

၅။ င��တကအသ အမ'တ�����မ

Quality & Character of the population

• Age• Sex Distribution• Trends in birth rates• Standards of living• Health• Literacy• Productive capacity & Skills• Customs & Beliefs• Moral Standards & Morale• National Character

မ မမမမမမမမမမ � � �င��အမ�� အစမ� င(��အစ �ရ����စ� မ မ မ မမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမ မမမမမမမမမ မမမမမမ မမမ ကမၻ႕င��မ�တြတင�အၾကမ�-�င�အ-င(�� င��အမ�� အစ (၃) မမမမ မမမမ�� သရ �'သည�။

၁။ သမၼတစနစ� က�င(P�Q���သည(�� င�� မမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမ မမမ မမမမမမမ၂။ စည�မ�ဥ�ခ�ဘ�ရငRနစကစ@�င(P�Q���သည(�� င�� ၃။ တြကန ���မTနစ�င��

မ မမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမ မမမမမမမမ ၎င��မ�က �ထ�5�ဖြခ.��ခစ တ���-ရနမ5' - ၁။ ဒ6မ �ကရကW စ� အစ �ရ မ မမမမမ၂။ အဏရ'င�အစ �ရ

မမမမမ ဟေေ�သ အစ �ရ����စ� (၂) မမမမမမမ မ မမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမ မမမမ မမမမမ မ မမမမမမမမ�� တြတင�မညသ�ည(��အစ �ရ����စ���-စQနည�ဆ �သညသYင� ��-စQAည�။

မမမမမမမမမမမ မမမမ ဒ6မ �ကရကW AစIစ �ရတြတင�အ������5စနစ� (၂) မ�� ရ' သည�။ ၁။ သမၼတ စနစ� မမမမ ၂။ �လ6မန �စနစ� ဟေ၍ ��-စQAည�။

Legitimate Forms Corrupt Forms

Who governs

Rule in the interest of all Rule in the interest of Selves

One Monarchy Tyranny

Few Aristocracy Oligarchy

Many Polity Democracy

Government• The governing body of a state.• The System by which a state or community

is governed.

အစ �ရ����စ�(၆) မ�� ရ' သည�။

• Monarchy မမမ မမမမမမမမမ မမမမ မမမမမမမမမမမမမမသက�ဥဆ�� �င�ဘ�ရAငWစ�ဥတည�ကအ���������ခင�• Aristocracy မ မ မမမမမမမမမမ မမမမမ မမမမမမမမမမမမမမသေ�ကင�မ�� ၊အထကW န �လတစR>ကအ���������ခင�• Polity မမမမမမမမမမမမမမအသ အမ'တ��������6 စည�စနစကစIရအ���������ခင�• Tyranny မမမမမမမမမမမမမ မမ မ မမမမမမ မမမမ မမမမမမမမမမမမမမအဏရ'င�၊မင�ဆ �မင�ညစ�တစ�ဥတည�ကအ���������ခင�• Oligarchy မမမမမမမမမမမ မမမမအက�င(�*�က� လနည�စ�အ��R >သစနစ�• Democracy မမမမမမမမမမမမ မမမမ���ညသ��႔က �ယR��အ�������ေ�ရစနစ�

မမမမမ မမမမမမမမမမ အစ �ရ၏ခက5ၾက6သ���- (သ �႔) မ႑ �င_က6သ���ရ��

အေျအေျအေျ အေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျ အေျ အေျအေျ အေျအေျ အေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျ အေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျ ဒ��မ��ကေ�ရစ�အစ��ရ၏ကေအ� ခခ�ဖြ��႕စည�ပ���အရအဏဖြခ�ကေ�ဝသ���ဖြစ�မမ႑��ငၾ���(၃) …ရပ���� ။

၁။ ဥကေပဒ#ပ�ကေ�ရ Legislature ၂။ အ�ပ%&�ပ�ကေ�ရ Executive ၃�။ တရစ�ရငၾ�ကေ�ရ Judiciary

မ မမမ မမမမမမမမမမ မမမမမမမအစ �ရတစB��၏အဓ ကလ���န �တဝနမ5�

• မမမမမမမမမမမမ မမမမမ မမတရေဥေ�ဒစ �မ �ရ၊မ'�ေတရ• မ မမမ မမမမမမမ���ညတြညသ�င�င မ�ခ�မ�ရ၊တည���င မ�ေ�ရ• � � �င��ေ�တ ကတြကယ�ေ�ရ• ေအေတြထတြထလမသကQ ခ�င�� ေ�ရ• မမမမမမမမမမမမမတြလတa ��ေ�ရက �ထ န �သ မ�ရ• မမမမမမမမမမမေအ��ခခ�လ႕အပြခင(ေ�Iရမ�ရ �'င�ေ�ရ

အခ���IJKခအဏ(Sovereignty)

အခ���IJKခအဏ(၂) မ�� - Internal Sovereignty- External Sovereignty

• မမမမမမမမမမ မ မမ မမမမမမမမမမမ မမမမမမမမမမမမမ မမ မမမမမ မမ မမ မမမမမမမမမမမမ � � �င��ေ�တသည� ���ညတြညသ�င�မ'အ�မင(P�$���အတြထဋအc ထ �Iဏ� �င���-စ����6၎၏နယ�ေ���မအတြတင�မ'ရ ေ�'သ မ မ မမမမ မမမမ မမမမမမ မမမမမ မမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမ မမမ မမမမ မမမမမမမမမမမမမမ မ မမမမမမ မလ���လW စ�ဥခ�င�င(��အသင�အဖြ-.႕မ�ေအ�ၚမ'ေဥ�ဒe��ပြခင(��င(��ဥေ�ဒက �လ �ကFစ�ခင�ဩဇအဏ။

• မ မမမမမ မမမ မမမ မ မမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမ မမမမမမမမ မမ မမ မမမမမမမ မမ မမမ မမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမ မ မမ���ညသYထ န �ခ���5မ�မ'ကင�တြလတ����6အမ�� သရင(�� င��တကေအရက စေhတြတမ'က �ယ* iAင$���-တ��က��င� ေ�သ မ မမမမမမမမမအပြခင(P�Iဏင(��အပြခင(ေ�Iရ

State Apparatus;

1. Political Executive & Government2. Parliament3. Judiciary4. Bureaucracy5. Military6. Police7. Local & Regional Institution…

အ�������ေ�ရ (Executive)• Government• Bureaucracy

The Political Executive

The Bureaucratic or Official Executive+

(Civil Servants in Administrations)

မမသမၼတ မ' ဒ�ဝနမ_က6အဆင(��ထ

(Politicians in Politics)

မမ မမမမမမမမမမမမ မ မ မမမ မမညနၾနမ_ကရမ'Tခ����မ'ဒ�ဥစ6မ'Tအဆင(��ထ

Constitution• အစ �ရဌနၾက6(၃) မမမမမမမမမမမမ မမမမမ မမမ မမမမခ�လ���န �ဆငရြငBက�ငBPနမIAတြတက�ခ�မ'တ< သတ က�သည(��စည�

မမမမမ မမမမမမမမမ�ဥ�၊စည�ကမ�မ�။ မမမမ၁။ အ����� A�QA� အစ �ရ၏အဏ မ မမမမမမမမမ မမမမမ၂။ အ�����������ညသ��မ�၏အပြခင(ေ�Iရ င(�� မမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမ မ မမမမ မမ မမမမမမမမမ မမမ မမမမမမမ မမမ မမ၃။ အ����� A�QA�င(��အ�����������ညသ��မ�အၾကဆက$ �ေ�ရတ �႔က �ည ေ�'�သည(��မ

မ မမမမ မမမမ�၏အစ�ေအဝ။

1. How Various agencies are organized

အေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျ အေျအေျ အေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအဖြ��႕အစည�အမ&��မ&�����ဖြ��႕စည�ထသည�ပ���စ�2. What Power is entrusted to those agencies

အေျ အေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျ အေျအေျအေျ အေျအေျ အေျအေျထ��အဖြ��႕အစည�မ&���အပ�ငၾ�ထသည)��အဏ3. In what manner such power is to be exercised.

အေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျ အေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအဏ����&ငၾ)*�+���ပ����&ငၾ)*�+���နည�

မ မမမမဖြ-.႕စည�����ေအ��ခခ�ဥေ�ဒ၏အ�ရ �� (၃) ခ�

မ မမမမမမ မမမဖြ-.႕စည�����ေအ��ခခ�ဥေ�ဒက �အမ�� အစဖြခ.��ခင�

1. Written or Unwritten, or Codified or Un-codified

( အေျအေျအေျအေျကေ�ရ၊ကေမရ ) ( အတ�အ�&၊ မတ�မ�&)2. rigid or flexible (ကေ�� ပငၾ�ရ

နခ%��၊ ျ� ပ�လြ1ယျ�� ပငလြငၾ4ယျ�)3. Effective, Nominal or Facade Constitution

( အေျအေျ အေျအေျအေျအေျ အေျ အေျအေျအေျအေျထ�ကေ�ရ��၊သမန �၊ဟန �� ပ)

• အေျအေျ အေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျ�6���ငၾ7�ကေ�တ���အဏပရန �။• အေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျ အေျ အေျအေျအေျ အေျအေျ အေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျတ8ည�ကေ�သတနခ9�:ငၾ)��ပန �တ��ငၾ;&တည�ကေ�ဆ��န �။• အေျ အေျအေျအေျ အေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအစ��ရ���တည�� ငၾ�မ;ပရန �။• အေျ အေျအေျ အေျ အေျအေျ အေျအေျအေျ အေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျလြ1တ= ပ;���အ�အလြ�ယျ�ကေ�ပရန �။• အေျ အေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအစ��ရမ&���တရဝငၾ�� �စ�ကေ�စရန �။

မမ မမမမမမမဖြ-.႕စည�����ေအ��ခခ�ဥေ�ဒ၏တဝနမ5�

မမမမမမမမမ မမမမ၁။ ေ�ရ'ဟေင�နည�လမ�က � ���န �၍လ �လသလစ� Reactionares

မ မမမမမမမ မမ မမ မမမမမ မမမမ၂။ ယခ�လကB �'��-စ�ေ�သနည�တ �႕က �သအဖြစ.အ�မ.ေသဘေက�သလစ� Conservatives

မမမမ၃။ ယခ�လကB �'နည�လမ�တ �႔က � �������င�ေ����င�လ.ေ�သလစ� Liberal

မမမမမ မမမမ မ မမမမမမ မမမ မမမမမမမမမ မမမမ၄။ ယခ�လကB �' နည�လမ�မ�အစနည�လမ�အသစW A>႔က �လ�� လသလစ� Radicals

လအမ�� အစ(၄) မ��

Types of Political Animals

1. Agitate2. Deliberate3. Educate

Types of Political Behavior

1. Activist2. Politician3. Statesman

Element of National Power• Geography• Size• Location• Topography & Climate• Natural Resources & Availability of Raw Materials• Economic Development• Military Preparedness• National Character & National Morale• Political Structure & Leadership• Ideology• Population• Technology• Human Resources

Geography

Size of Territory

Location relative to

sea

Landmasses

relative to other nations

Control of

Strategic places

Topography

HDI & GNP

Those countries ranking

high in HDI group

Also high GNP Per Capital

Human Development Index

Three basic components

of Human Developmen

t

LongevityKnowledg

eStandard of Living

မမမ မမမမမမ မမမမမမမမ မမမ � � �င��တကဆက$ �ေ�ရကေအ��ခခ�ေ�သသ6အ�� ရ6ၾက6(၃) ရ��

1. Realism (base on interest & Security)

2. Liberalism (base on Cooperation &

interdependence)

3. Idealism (or) Constructivism

Theory in International Relation Area

1. Game Theory2. Domino Theory3. Power Theory4. Balance of Power5. Post-modern Theory

Domino Theory

Containment Strategy

Power

• Power in the context of World Politics, can be seen as; - A set of attributes or capabilities - An influence process - Ability to control resources, behavior of other states,

events, outcomes of interaction (cooperative or conflictual)

Power

Force InfluenceAuthority

Types of Power

• Diplomatic Power

• State Power• Personal Power

Diplomatic PowerState Power

• Hard Power• Soft Power• Smart

Power

1. Regional Power

2. Middle Power3. Grate Power4. Super Power5. Hyper Power

Personal Power

Political Power ဝငRတနမ��ခ�6Charismatic Power မဟေတmမ�ၶPositional Power ဟေစWလ

Smart Power

Hard Power refers to coercive tactics; the threat or use of armed forces, economics pressure or sanctions, assassination.

Soft Power includes diplomacy, dissemination of information, Propaganda and Cultural Programming to achieve political end.

Hard Power

Soft Power

The ability to obtain what you want through cooperation and attraction rather Hard & Soft.

Super Power ( Great Power + Mobility of Power )

- မဟေအငIတြလန �င��- မမ မမမမ မမမမမမမမမမမမမ မမမမမ မ မ မ မမမမမမမမမမစစ�ေ�အခတI K�6ေအမရ ကနမWစ�င��တည�သဤအဆင(ပြP�WငရငB �'- မ မမမမမမမမမမမ မ မမမမမမမမ မမမမမမ မ မ မမမမ မမမမမမ မ မ မမမမမမမမ မမမမမမ မမမမ ယခင� သမ �င�တြတင�တရ� တI င*ယ၊�ရ'င�အင*ယ၊ ေ�ရ�အင*ယ၊ ��ဗ တ သ'�အင*ယတ �႔

ရခ.(-သည�။

- ယခင� ေအမရ ကန �၊ ဆ �ဗ6ယကr �န6ယ�၊ ��ဗ တ သ'� တ �႔ � � Aင$ A>ငs�သည�။- မ မ မ မမမမမမမ မ မမမမမမမမမ မ မမမ ယခ� တရ� တ����ညသ��႕သမၼတင��သည�ဤအဆင(P�Q ငရ>႔ ေ�ရကB �'လသည�။- မမ မမမမ မမ မ မမမမမမမမမ မမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမ မ မမမမမမမမမမ မ မမမမမမမမမမမမမမမ မမမမမ ေဤနရတြတင�ေအမရ ကန �တစ$င(P�WငရtကQ �6က�န �င��မ�အဆင(P�@�ငရတြသ၍တရ� တW စ�င��တည�သ

ဤ အဆင(ပြP�WငရငB ေ�'နသည�။

Hyper Power

Regional Power

- မ မမမမမမမမမမမမမ မမမမမမမမမမ မ မမမ မမမမမမ မမမမမမမမမမမမမမ မ မသမ �င�ၾကင�အရ င��ေ�ရအငIတင(P�Wင�မ၊ယဥ�ေ�က�မင(��စ6ပြ�ရဩဇၾက6သ င��မ�က �ဤအ ဆင(ပြP�Wင� ထည(ပြP�Qင�ၾကသည�။

- မမမမမမမမမ ���ငQစ�၊ ရ� ရ' ၊ ��ဗ တ သ'�တ �႔�ဝငQAည�။

Great Power

- Greate Power အဆင(P�@ ငရ> ေ�ရကa င�ေ���ခရ ေ�'သင��မ�-စQAည�။- မ မမမမမမ မမ မမမမ မမမမမမမ မမမမမမ မမမမမမ မ မမမ မမမ မမမမမမမမမ မ မမ မမမမမမမမဩေစတလ�၊ဘရဇ6၊ေကနဒ၊��မန6၊���န �၊အ ၵယ၊အ6တလ6၊မကvဆ6က �၊ ေ�တAင@ A>ရ6

မမမမမ မမ မမမ မမမမမမမမမမမမ မမ မ မ မ မမမမမမမ မမမမမမ မ မ မမမယ၊စ� န �စသည(�� င��မ�သည�ဤအဆင(ပြP�WငရငB ေ�'နၾကသည�။- မမမမမမ မမမမ မမမမမမမမမမမ မမမမမမမမမမ မ မမမမမမ ေ�ဒသဆ �ငB အဖြ-.႕အစည�မ�-စ�ေ�သေဥရ�သမ�၊အ ��က�င(��အဆ6ယ�တ �႔သညသwည�

မမမမမမမမမမမမမမ မ မ မမမ အဖြ-.႕အစည�အလ �က� ေ�ဒသဆ �ငB�ဝက �ယR6က �� � Aင$ iAင<ၾကသည�။

Balance of Power Theory

• Unipolar ( Post-cold war - United State

of America)

• Bipolar ( in Cold War - USA & USSR)

• Multipolar ( Now BRIC & US)

Rise of Multi-polarity

Latin America

Africa Middle East Asia & Ocenia

• Argentina

• Chile

• Mexico

• Venezuela

• Nigeria

• South

Africa

• Israel

• Egypt

• Saudi

Arabia

• Iran

• China• Russia• India• Japan• South

Korea• Indonesia• Pakistan• Australia

Post-Modern World

• To protect sovereignty• Balance of Power ; interest and ambitions

of one state• Constrained by the capabilities other state.

Pre-modern World• Political instability and Economic Development• Weak States, Failed States or Rouge State

Modern World

• Beyond power politics and abandon war• Multilateral Agreements international

law & global governance (e.g EU)

Social Constructivi

smReflectivism

Post-modernismFeminist TheoryNormative TheoryCritical TheoryHistorical SociologyClassification of international relation theory

in the late 1990

Neo-Liberalism

Neo-Realism

Rationalism

INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY (IPE)

IPE is a combination of international relations and political economy.

• relationship between political forces and economic interactions.

• political economy is a social science that analyzes political and economic processes, their interrelations and their influence.

Approaches to IR1.Liberalism

4. Constructivism

2. Realism

3. Marxism

Approaches to IPE

1. Liberalism; Economic Liberalism2. Realism; Mercantilism, Statism,

Developmentalism.3. Radicalism; Marxist & Dependency

Relation between Individuals, Society, State, Market

Economic Liberalism• Markets function best when Free of Government.• Adam Smith, David Ricardo Comparative Advantage• Keynes Middle Way ( Manage, not control to

Gov;)

- International Wealth is maximized with free exchange of goods and services; on the basis of comparative advantage

Mercantilism/ Statism

•To increase State Power, achieved by regulating economic life; economics is subordinate to State interest.•Protectionism

- by State to limit their imports.- the primary goals is to protect

domestic against competition from Foreign Firms.

•Characteristics of Protectionism- Quota ( မမ မမမမမမမမမမ မ မမမ မ မမမ မေအရအတြတက�င(��တြသင�က�Pနမ@ A>ကန �႔သတ���ခ

င�) - Tariff (တြသင�က�PနမIAပြခန �)- Subsides (အေမတၾက)

Competition among groups - Owners of Wealth LaborersConfliction and Exploitative - Confliction relationships because of inherent expansion of Capitalism; Seeks radicals change in international economic system.

Radicalism/ Maxism

The Management of International Relations by negotiation.

The application of intelligence & tact to the conduct of official relations between Govs; of independent State.

The brain of State Power (Morgenthau)

Diplomacy Definition

Diplomacy

• The Process of Conducting Communication among States through officially recognized representatives.

• A Major dimension of Foreign Policy with Foreign Ministers and their Diplomats Living abroad

• Recent Diplomats Practice by Non-State Actors; IOs, Human Right Groups & MNCs.

International Relations & Diplomacy

International Relations

State, President, General, Diplomat, Minister, Society,

Individual

Foreign Minister Offices &

Embassy

Diplomacy

Diplomat (သ�တမန �)• မမမမမမမမမမမ မမမမသ�တမနမ$ A>သညသ;' င��ေ�တအစ �ရ၏မ�ကR င(��န။

သ�တမနမW A>႔၏တဝနမ5� မမ မမ မမမမ မမမ မမမမမမမမ၁။ င����ခရမဝဒက �ေအကAငIထည�ေ�-ခင� မမ မမ မမမ မမမမ၂။ မ မ င��၏အက�� စ6ပြ�က �ကတြကယ���ခင�/ တည�ေ�ဆက���ခင� မမမမမမမမမမမမမမမ မမ မမမမမမ မ မ မမမမ မမမမမမ မမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမမ၃။ မ မ င��သ �႔ဆ �ငBင��အတြတင�ရ �'သတင�အခ�ကI လက5��� �႔�ခင�

သ�တမနမW A>႔၏ လ���န �စဥ5� ၁။ က �ယR����ခင�

၂။ ေ�စ(စ��ေ�တြဆခင� ၃။ သတင��� �႔�ခင� မမ မမ မမမ မမမမ၄။ အမ�� သအက�� စ6ပြ�င(�� င��သမ�၏အက�� စ6ပြ�က �ကတြကယ���ခင�

Functions of Diplomatic Mission

1. Representing State2. Symbolic Representation3. Obtaining Information4. Promoting & Protecting the Interest of

National5. Policy making by Diplomats

သ�တမနမW A>႔ ဗဟေ �����ခ�က_ က6 (၃) ခ�က�

၁။ င����ခရမဝဒ Foreign Policy

၂။ အမ�� သအက�� စ6ပြ� National Interest

၃။ သတင�အခ�ကI လက� Informatiion

1. Traditional Diplomacy

2. Modern Diplomacy Bilateral Diplomacy

Multilateral Diplomacy

Diplomatic Rank

သ�ရ���တဝနမ��မကြက.(၂) မ�� Charge d’ affaires en titre သ�ရ�� အ�မ.တမ�တဝနမ��မ�Charge d’ affaires ad interim သ�ရ�� ယယ6တဝနမ��မ�

1. Ambassador သ�အမတ_ က62. Envoy သ�အမတ�3. Minister Resident ဌနသ�မ4. Charge d’ affaires သ�ရ���တဝနမ��

Traditional Diplomacy

Modern Diplomacy Bilateral Diplomacy1. Ambassador (High Commissioner in Commonwealth

missions)2. Minister သ�အမတ�3. Minister-Counselor သ�မ'Tၾက64. Counselor ေ�ကငRစ�ဝန �(သ�မ'T)5. First Secretary �ထမ အတြတင�ဝန �6. Second Secretary ဒ�တ ယအတြတင�ဝန �7. Third Secretary တတ ယအတြတင�ဝန �8. Attache’ သ�မ'T9. Assistant Attache’ လက�ေ�ထကQ �မ'T

Consular Post

1.Consuls-General ေ�ကငRစ�ဝနမ�����2.Consuls ေ�ကငRစ�ဝန �3.Vice – consuls ဒ�>တ ယ ေ�ကငRစ�ဝန �4.Consular Agents ေ�ကငRစ�ေ�ရရက �ယRလ'ယ�5.Honorary Consular ��ဏ< �ဆင�ေ�ကငRစ�ေ�ရရအရရ �'

Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 1963 - Article 9

Modern Diplomacy

Multilateral Diplomacy

• Ambassador at Large သ�အမတ_ က6 (အထအဏက�နၾနမaအ����ခင�ခ�ေရသသ�အမတ_ က6) သ�ရ���အၾက6အက.• Permanent Representative အ�မ.တမ�က �ယRလ'ယ�• Resident Representative အ�မ.ေ�နက �ယRလ'ယ�(ဌနက �ယRလ'

ယ�)• Special Ambassador အထစလတ���ခင�ခ�ေရသသ�အမတ_ က6• U.S Trade Representative ေအမရ ကနမ@A>ငရြနမ�ယ�ေ�ရက �ယRလ'ယ�

Type of New Diplomacy

1. Democratic Diplomacy

2. Totalitarian Diplomacy

3. Summit Diplomacy

4. Personal Diplomacy

5. Parliamentary Diplomacy

6. Economic Diplomacy

7. Nuclear Diplomacy

8. Public Diplomacy

သ�တမနမ$စကက$�ေ�ရနည�လမ�တြသယ5�• Gunboat Diplomacy• Dollar Diplomacy• Smart Power Diplomacy (or) Carrot and Stick

Diplomacy• Conference Diplomacy• Summit Diplomacy• Shuttle Diplomacy• Shirt-Sleeve Diplomacy• Pinball Diplomacy• Walk-in-the-wood Diplomacy• Vacation Diplomacy• Quiet Diplomacy

Special Envoys of UN Secretary-General;

• United Nations Special Envoy for HIV/ AIDS in Africa

• United Nations Special Envoy on Climate Change

• United Nations Special Envoy for Kosovo

•Political Aspect of IR State, Political Theory

•Economic Aspect of IR Approach to IPE (3 Ism)

•Diplomatic Aspect of IR Type, Methods & Ranks

Conclusion

…ေ�က�ဇကမၻ..