Introduction to Ink Design€¦ · Ink jet ink requirements CIJ Valve jet Office TIJ Office piezo...
Transcript of Introduction to Ink Design€¦ · Ink jet ink requirements CIJ Valve jet Office TIJ Office piezo...
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Introduction to Ink Design
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Introduction to Ink Design
• Critical aspects of Ink jet ink design• Ink properties• Ink types
– Aqueous– Oil-based– Solvent-based– Phase change– UV curable
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Inkjet ink design
Complexity
Ingredients
High
Up to 10
High
Up to 15
High
Up to 10
Med
~ 6
Med
~ 4
ApplicationFunctionality Med High High Med Low
Purity
Filtered Inkper micron
High
<0.5
Med
<3.0
Med
<1.0
Med
<1.0
High
<0.2
Reliability
Ink dropsper nozzle
High
> 1010
High
> 1011
High
> 1010
High
> 109
High
> 109
CIJ OfficeTIJ
Officepiezo
CIJ Multi DODPiezo
Ink Property Binary deflection
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Ink jet ink requirements
CIJ Valve jet
OfficeTIJ
Officepiezo
CIJ Multi DODPiezo
Ink Property Binary deflection
Viscosity/cP ~ 1.5 3 - 8 8 - 12 < 2 ~ 1.5 ~ 1.5
Surface Tension/ dynes/cm
> 35 25 - 40 > 32 > 24 > 35 > 35
Max. size
/ microns
1 3 1 5 1 0.2
Conductivitymicro siemens
Yes> 500
Yes> 1000
No No No No
Salt levelsChlorides/ppm
< 100 < 100 < 100 < 100 < 10 < 10
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Ink jet ink requirements
• Viscosity and Surface Tension properties dominate droplet formation
– Dynamic properties are most important– Dynamic properties are very different in the nozzles
region• Laboratory measurements are not key for design
– These measurements characterise low shear properties of an ink
– During the nozzle region ink experience high shear conditions
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Droplet formation and jet stability
Image quality & durability
Wetting of capillary channels
Flow through the nozzle
Understanding the inkjet process
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High Speed IJ Technology
Printhead Development
App
aren
t Res
olut
ion
Low
High
Speed
Low High
Industrial Printheads
Desktop Printheads 600 - 1200 dpi180 m /min
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Printhead Developments: Resolution - Drop Volume
• Ink droplet volume: limits definition of printed features (in absence of substrate modification)
• Most Industrial Printheads not achieved <6pl
2pl 20pl 80pl
16μ 34μ 53μ
Resolution: High Low
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Printhead Developments: Speed
Variable Droplet Size
Higher frequency
Higher Nozzle Density
Page wide array
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P (Image Quality)
Line
Spe
ed m
/min
Cactus SeedCactus Seed
200+
100
50
25
64800 180000 720000
9 734 72 456 34
Text and Barcode
CIJ DOD
P (Image Quality)
Line
Spe
ed m
/min
Cactus SeedCactus SeedCactus SeedCactus Seed
200+
100
50
25
64800 180000 720000
9 734 72 456 34
Text and Barcode
9 734 72 456 34
Text and Barcode
CIJ DOD
P = (resolution)2 * No. of greyscale levels
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Printhead
Maintenance Station
Scanning
Page Wide Array
Scanning vs. Fixed Head IJ Printing
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IJ Productivity: Full Colour Printing
Sca
nnin
g
Hea
dsFi
xed
Hea
d11 m2/hr of Printed output
120m2/hr
940m2/hr
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Role Of Ink in High Speed PrintingInk Formulation challenges
1. Ink Jet Stage - Ultra high reliability
2. Ink behaviour on substrate 3. Performance Properties of image post ink
evaporation, absorption, reaction
•All aspects of the printing process need to be optimised to deliver a satisfactory process
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For example, for a 30 min job @ 24m/min:• each nozzle must deliver reproducibly up to 10 million
ink droplets without interruption
What do we mean by Ultra High Reliability?
Extremely high jetting stability - “Turn it on & it works”
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Delivering Ink Reliability:
Needs consider ink design, chemical and process technology to optimise performance in head of choice
•Basic ink operating window
•Component Design
•Operability testing and waveform matching
•Ink Path Issues
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Component Design: Some key factors
Drop Regularity:
Ultra Stable Pigment dispersion with tight particle size control (<200nm) for drop regularity.
Also requires understanding of how to control dynamic surface tension, wetting and visco-elastic properties.
>10μm<200nm
IJ vs Typical Analogue Dispersion
20-30μm
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Ink Component Design: Some key factors
Open time :
Ink components must be designed not to clog nozzles
0 500 1000 1500
Minutes
Aqueous Desktop
Solvent
Aqueous Industrial
Oil
UVIn
k C
lass
Ink Jet Open Time
Typical Open Time
Acceptable Open Time for Single Pass Printing
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Important aspects of ink design- ink flow through the print head
• Ink flow through the print head– Wetting of different materials throughout the
head– Wetting capillary channels effectively
• Minimise sensitivities of air– Entrapped air– Pressure differences
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Ink ReservoirInk Manifold Multiple printheads
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Important aspects of ink design- ink flow through the print head
• Creating a stable meniscus
– Wetting / non-wetting faceplates• Aid to maintenance systems
– Balance surface tension forces of the meniscus and gravity feed from ink supply
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Range of ink jet ink types
• Common characterisation of ink type is by carrier base
• Commercial Inks:– Water based inks – Solvent based inks – “Oil” based inks – Phase change inks – UV curable based inks
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Printhead Technologies and Ink Types
Aqueous
Solvents
Hot Melt
UVCurables
CIJ OfficeTIJ
Officepiezo
CIJ Multi DODPiezo
DODShared
wall
Ink TypeBinary deflection
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Inkjet Ink Formulations
Ingredients• Liquid carriers
– water, solvents, oils• Binders
– polymers• Colorants
– dyes & pigments• Additives
– surfactants– conductivity salts
Critical Materials• Colorants• Binders
Influence– jet performance– reliability– stability– application
performance