INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Email: [email protected]@gmail.com Facebook:...
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INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Email: [email protected] Facebook: masoodahmed.iihe URL: www.emasood.yolasite.com
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Transcript of INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Email: [email protected]@gmail.com Facebook:...
INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Email: [email protected]: masoodahmed.iiheURL: www.emasood.yolasite.com
Recommended Books
(1) “Information Technology in Business Principles, Practices and Opportunities”
Second EditionBy James A. Senn
(2) “Management Information System for the Information Age”4th Edition By HAAG/CUMMINGS/ MCCUBBERY
8,000 B.C.
1st Wave:Agricultural
Age
1st Wave:Agricultural
Age
1750 1955 2011
2nd Wave:Industrial
Age
2nd Wave:Industrial
Age
3rd Wave:Information
Age
3rd Wave:Information
Age
?
Timeline of Technology Evolution
Human history has been shaped by three dynamic advances or waves of transformation.
Agricultural Age begins around 8,000 B.C. and runs through the mid-1700s. This wave is characterized by
trade and basic training-based education,daily life and traditions organized around the seasons simple technology with tools made from stone or metal, wood were made from natural materials.
Agricultural Age
Agricultural Age
8,000 B.C. 1750 1955 2011 ?
Agricultural Age
Complex machines evolving from simple machines
Pulley
Lever
Beginning of the industrial revolution
1712 - Steam Engine
The automation of making textiles (fabrics, clothing, etc) marked the beginning of the industrial revolution.
1733 - Flying Shuttle, Automation of Textile
The first steam engine on top of a water filled mine shaft and used it to pump water out of the mine.
The Industrial Age occurs between 1750 and 1950, continuing through to the mid-1950s. This age is characterized by
People leaving the farms for work in the cities, mainly in factory and industry jobs,
Great advances in the areas of communication and technology with the invention of the three Ts (Telegraph, Telephone, and Television) along with the first computers.
8,000 B.C. 1750 1955 2011 ?
Industrial Age
Industrial Age
Agricultural
The Industrial Age
The period in which the majority of workers are involved in the creation, distribution, and application of information.It is further characterized by
Development of a literate workforce,
Computerization resulting in major changes in business management and operations.
?8,000 B.C. 1750 1955 2011
Agricultural
Industrial
Information Age
Information Age
The Information Age
The Digital RevolutionJ
Information Age/ Digital Age/ Information Superhighway/ Internet Revolution
“The change from analog mechanical and
electronic technology to digital technology that has taken place
since 1980s.”
Information
Facts presented in a meaningful fashion.
Technology A set of tools that enables
us to work with information
Hardware•Input devices•Output devices•Telecommunication devices•Storage devices
Software•Application software e.g.MS-office S/W, media software, business software•System software e.g. operating system software, utility software
Personal ComputersWireless NetworksSatellitesCellular technologyvideoconferencingInternet
Information Technology
Technical definition:
“The capability to electronically input, process,
store, output, transmit, and receive data and
information, including text, graphics, sound,
and video, as well as the ability to control
machines of all kinds electronically.”
Information Technology
ITAA Definition:
“The study, design, development,
implementation, support or management of
computer-based information systems,
particularly software applications and
computer hardware."
knowledge worker• A knowledge worker works with and
produces information about a product.
• When you graduate, you will start working as a knowledge worker.
EXAMPLES:• Professionals like teachers, lawyers,
architects, physicians, nurses, engineers and scientists
Components of Information System
PEOPLE
Who is not knowledge worker?• The counter attendants at McDonald’s are not
knowledge workers. They enter the details of your order into a computer terminal. These details are used by knowledge workers to manage inventory, order supplies and schedule workers.
Components of Information System
PEOPLE
Telecommuting • The use of communication
technologies (such as the Internet), to work in a place other than a central location.
• Telecommuting is a wonderful concept for increasing quality of life and earning opportunities for otherwise unemployed people.
Components of Information System
PEOPLE
Information Technology
Embedded Information Technology
“The information technology that is integrated with the other components of products and
services, giving it new features and capabilities.”
Embedded Information Technology
At travel agent officeMaintain profile of customers such as seating requirements, payment details etc.
EMBEDDED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
At HotelMaintain traveler’s preferences, payment details etc.
At the airportEase passenger check-in, baggage handling, on-board services etc.
At the auto rental agencyMaintain client’s preferred automobile features
On the aircraftAutopilot system
What is Data?
Definition:
“A collection of raw facts that describes a phenomenon”
Examples–Current temperature–Price of a movie rental–Your age etc.
What Is Information?
Definition:
“Data that has been processed, manipulated and organised in a way suitable for human interpretation”
• If you are trying to decide what to wear, the current temperature is information because it is logical help to your decision.
What Is Knowledge?
Definition:
“An awareness and understanding of a set of information and how that
information can be put to the best use.”
• Information adds to the knowledge of the person receiving it.
Data Vs. Information
• Data is the raw material – the input of information
• The word information is derived from Latin informare which means "give form to".
•Relevant – -----within the context
•Simple ------- --understandable
•Complete –-- --including all
needed
•Accurate – -----error free
•Current – ------not out-dated
•Secure ---------- free of
contamination
CHARACTERISTICS OF USEFUL INFORMATION
•Economical –--cost does not exceed
than the value of information
•Timely – -------available when
needed
•Accessible - ---all those who need
the information can get to it
•Reliable --------results are consistent
For information to be useful, it must be…
Benefits of IT
Benefits of IT
Speed• Computers can perform complex calculations,
recall stored information, transmit information from one location to another in a split of a second.
Consistency• A computer can perform a task the same way
every time.
Benefits of IT
Precision• Computers can detect minute differences that
people can not see.• In automobile manufacturing embedded
computer system helps precise placement of a part.
Reliability • Reliability comes with speed, consistency and
precision
MISManagement Information
System
Management Information System (MIS)
General definition:
“MIS or simply IS (information system) is a combination of hardware and software and
telecommunication used to process information automatically.”
MIS---Examples
• Online bill payment system at a bank
• A support website of a product
• Computer system used to process orders for a business
Management Information System (MIS)
Technical definition:
“MIS deals with the planning for,
development, management, and use of
information technology tools to help people
perform all tasks related to information
processing and management.”
COMPONENTS OF MIS
• People• Hardware • Software• Procedures• Telecommunication• Database
PEOPLE
– The components that most influence the success or failure of information system.
– People means end users, those who are using computers .
• Systems Analyst • Programmer • Technician • Engineer • Network Manager • MIS (Manager of Information Systems) • Data entry operator
Components of Information System
HARDWARE– any of the physical equipment in a system.
Examples include screens, printers, computers, telephone wires, etc.
SOFTWARE– a list of instructions that guides the hardware in
the performance of its duties
Components of Information System
(Components of Information System)
DATA• Data are distinct pieces of factual information
used as a basis for reasoning; a fact; a number, a statement, or a picture, discussion, or calculation
INFORMATION• The data that have a particular meaning
within a specific context.
PROCEDURES
– Refers to rules or guidelines people follow when using software, hardware and data.
– Documented in manuals written by computer analysts.
– Provided by software/hardware manufacturers of the product.
– A procedure can be quite complex and involved, such as performing a backup, shutting down a system, patching software.
Components of Information System
TELECOMMUNICATION• Allows computers to connect and to share the
information with other users(computers).
Components of Information System
DATABASE• A database is a structured collection of records or
data that is stored in a computer system.
• Traditional databases are organized by fields, records, and files.
Components of Information System
