Introduction to Information Systems

Data, Information and Knowledge

How do “Information” differ from “Data”? There is also things such as “Knowledge”.

How are they related?

Data, Information and Knowledge

DataData InformationInformationTransformation Process

(selecting, organizing, manipulating)

KnowledgeKnowledge

Practical Use

Translating Data to Information

Grouping Lebelling Sorting Graphing Statistics Etc.

Data

In Out Customer Order Income

1600 1631 1 M 1 Chocolate 20.-

1612 1625 1 F 1 M 2 Strawberry, 1 Coconut 60.-

1615 1725 4 M 2 Chocolate, 1 Lemon, 2 Strawberry, 1 Banana

105.-

1659 1734 1 F 3 Coconut 60.-

1708 1812 2 F 1 M 1 Chocolate, 1 Vanilla, 1 Coffee

60.-

1722 1751 1 F 2 M 3 Coffee, 1 Wafer 70.-

1723 1749 1 M 1 Coconut, 1 Chocolate, 2 Strawberry

80.-

1730 1815 1 M 2 Vanilla 40.-

2201 2240 1 M 1 Coffee 20.-

Information

Customers 12 Male - 5 Female

Peak period 1600-1815

Income 515.-

Payment 300.-

Financial statistics 1 day + 10% 1 week + 20% 1 month + 20%

Popular menu Strawberry - 6 (7, 2, 4, 6, 8) Vanilla - 6 (10, 5, 8, 7, 6) Chocolate - 5 (4, 7, 4, 5, 5) Coconut - 5 (6, 2, 9, 6, 7)

Unpopular menu Lemon - 1 (0, 0, 0, 1, 0) Guava - 0 (0, 0, 1, 1, 0) Red bean - 0 (0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

Knowledge

Promote and stock more strawberry and chocolate

Terminate guava, red bean and lemon menu Change closing time to 1900 Replace the male staff

System

A set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals

Components of A System

Inputs Processing mechanisms Outputs Feedback

Concept of A System

Input OutputProcessing

Feedback

Performance of A System

Efficiency Proportion of outputs and inputs

Effectiveness Achievement of objectives

Performance of A System

F D C B A

Class 1

F D C B A

Class 2

F D C B A

Class 3

Efficiency – OKEffectiveness – OK

Efficiency – PoorEffectiveness – OK

Efficiency – GoodEffectiveness – ?

Information Systems

A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, and disseminate data and information, and provide feedback to meet an objective (Stair & Reynolds, 2010)

Complementary networks of hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create and distribute data (Wikipedia, 2014)

Components of An Information System

Inputs Gathering and capturing of raw data

Processing mechanisms Converting data into useful outputs

Outputs Useful information

Feedback Information that is used to make changes to the input and processing

components

InputsInputs ProcessProcess OutputsOutputs

Feedback

Concept of An Information System

DataData InformationInformationInformation System

Information System

Components of Computer-Based Information Systems

Hardware Software People Telecommunications Databases Procedures

Development of Business Information Systems

TPSTransaction Processing System

MISManagementInformationSystem

DSSDecision SupportSystem

Specialized business informationsystems & ElectronicsCommerce&Inter-Organization information exchange systems

Types of Internal Information Systems

ExecutiveSupportSystems(ESS, EIS)

ExecutiveSupportSystems(ESS, EIS)

OfficeAutomation

Systems(OAS)

OfficeAutomation

Systems(OAS)

DecisionSupportSystems

(DSS)

DecisionSupportSystems

(DSS)

TransactionProcessing

Systems(TPS)

TransactionProcessing

Systems(TPS)

ManagementInformation

Systems(MIS)

ManagementInformation

Systems(MIS)

Types of Internal Information Systems

IS Inputs Processing Outputs Users

ESS Aggregate data, External, internal

Graphics,Simulation

Projections Senior management

DSS Low volume data, Analytic models

Interactive,Simulation

Special reports,Decision analyses

Staff manager

MIS Transaction data,High volume data

Routine report Summary,Exception reports

Middle manager

OAS Office documents,Schedule

Word processing,Storage

Documents,Schedule

Managers

TPS Transaction,Events

Sorting,Listing

Detail report,List

Operation personnel

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

ระบบประมวลผลรายการเปล �ยนแปลง A software system, or software/hardware combination, that

supports transaction processing (Wikipedia, 2014)

Features Rapid response Reliability Inflexibility Controlled processing

Example Point-of-Sale Library loan

TPS: Examples

Office Automation Systems (OAS)

ระบบสำ�าน�กงานอั�ตโนม�ต� Varied computer machinery and software used to

digitally create, collect, store, manipulate, and relay office information needed for accomplishing basic tasks (Wikipedia, 2014)

Example Work flows Project scheduling

OAS: Examples

Management Information Systems (MIS)

ระบบสำารสำนเทศเพื่��อัการจั�ดการ A system which provides information that

organizations require to manage themselves efficiently and effectively (Wikipedia, 2014)

Example Flight information system Student information system

MIS: Examples

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

ระบบสำน�บสำน�นเพื่��อัการต�ดสำ�นใจั A system that supports business or

organizational decision-making activities (Wikipedia, 2014)

Example Price evaluation system Potential drilling sites

DSS Examples

Executive Support Systems (ESS)

ระบบสำน�บสำน�นผ!"บร�หารระด�บสำ!ง Also-called Executive Information Systems (EIS) A type of management information system that

facilitates and supports senior executive information and decision-making needs (Wikipedia, 2014)

Example Market and sales analysis system A.C.M.E (Agent Call Monitoring & Evaluation)

ESS: Examples

Structure of An Information System

Source: http://blog.maia-intelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/042908-1415-functionalm2.png

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

ระบบการวางแผนทร�พื่ยากรอังค์%กร A business management software that a comp

any can use to collect, store, manage and interpret data from many business activities (Wikipedia, 2012)

Examples of ERP Packages

Tier I SAP Oracle Microsoft Dynamics

Tier II Epicor Sage QAD Ross

Tier III ABAS Baan Syspro

Source: Panorama Consulting Group, 2014,http://go.panorama-consulting.com/rs/panoramaconsulting/images/2014-Manufacturing-ERP-Report.pdf

ERP Statistics

(See Panorama Consulting Group Report 2014)

Costs of Implementing ERP Packages

Vendor Average Project Cost

Oracle $5.0 million

SAP $6.7 million

Microsoft Dynamics $1.8 million

Tier II $3.1 million

Tier III/Other $1.1 million

Source: Panorama Consulting Group, 2010http://panorama-consulting.com/Documents/2011-Guide-to-ERP-Systems-and-Vendors.pdf

SAP Tryout!

SAP Online Configurator: https://www.sapconfigurator.com/sapcfg/build/index.html?lang=en&campaign=CRM-US08-HUB-TC_FSTWEB&cntry=us

Specialized Business Information System

Knowledge Management System (KMS) Organized collection of people, procedures,

software, databases, and devices to create, store, share, and use the organization’s knowledge and experience

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Computer system takes on characteristics of

human intelligence

Specialized Business Information System

Expert Systems Give computer ability to make suggestions and

function like an expert in a particular field

Virtual reality Simulation of a real or imagined environment that

can be experienced visually in three dimensions Augmented reality

Electronics Commerce

Often called as “e-Commerce”, “eCommerce”, “e-comm” or “e-Business”.

Trading in products or services using computer networks, such as the Internet (Wikipedia, 2014)

Information Systems in the Supply Chain

ACTIVITIES

SupplierSupplier

Internal Supply ChainInternal Supply Chain

CustomerCustomerPurchasingPurchasing ProductionProduction DistributionDistribution

Raw materialsInbound logistics/

Warehouse/Storage

ProductionPacking/

Outbound logistics Customer service

INFORMATION SYSTEMSInbound tracking

system/Inventory control

system

Process control system

Automated packing and retrieval

system

Customer service tracking and control

systemSupplier database

Functions of Information Systems in Logistics

Collaborative planning Forecasting Inventory management Order management Transport management Etc.

Challenges

Standards Culture and language Time and distance Technology and infrastructure Currency and exchange rates Laws and legal aspects Privacy, permission and confidentiality

In-Class Assignment

Critical Thinking

Form four groups Discuss and criticize connections between the

following challenges and information systems in Thailand

Three minutes presentation

Group 1 Laws

Group 2 Culture

Group 3 Infrastructure

Group 4 Language

Assignment

Information Engineering

Spilt into four groups. Build a Facebook page with an objective of

anything. Promote your page. Aim for the highest likes

as possible. Present your strategy on 25 September 2014.